3D bioprinting is a technique that uses 3D printing technologies to precisely position biological materials, cells, and biochemicals in layers to fabricate 3D structures and tissues. The process involves imaging tissues to create digital models, selecting appropriate biomaterials, cell sources, and a bioprinting method (inkjet, microextrusion, or laser). Applications include producing skin, blood vessels, and other tissues for implantation and drug testing. However, fully functional 3D printed organs are still in development due to challenges with vascularization and matching native tissue complexity.

1. 3D BIOPRINTING
of tissues and organs
Presented by
Akash Karkar
Er. No. 201604101110008
M.Sc. Biotechnology (Semester I)

2. INTRODUCTION
 3D Bioprinting is a technique to produce creating cell patterns in a
confined space using 3D printing technologies, where cell function
and viability are preserved within the printed construct
 In 3D bioprinting, layer-by-layer precise positioning of biological
materials, biochemicals and living cells, with spatial control of the
placement of functional components, is used to fabricate 3D
structures
 3D bioprinting can be used to produce tissue, organ, medical devices
such as stents and splints(1)
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3. PROCESS
1) IMAGING & DIGITAL
APPROACH
 For preparing a functional and structural
unit of tissue or organ we will need total
information from its structure to function
at every level from cell to tissue to organ
to organ system
 3D view of a tissue can be seen and
converted into a data which can be used
for bioprinting is prepared by various
noninvasive techniques including;
Computed Tomography(CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)
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4. 2) DESIGN APPROACH
 3D bioprinting is based on 3 central
approaches:
1. Biomimicry – To manufacture identical
reproductions of cellular and extracellular
components of tissue and organ
2. Self-assembly – To replicating biological
tissues which is to use embryonic development
as a guide
3. Mini-tissues – To manufacture smaller,
functional building blocks which can be
fabricated into larger construct by rational
design, self assembly or a combination of both
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5. 3) MATERIAL SELECTION
• The most important part of bioprinting is materials
and scaffolds which varies from organ to organ, tissue
to tissue and cell to cell
• The great accuracy of selection is needed and it must
fulfil these criterias:
• Printability
• Biocompatibility
• Degradation kinetics and byproducts
• Structural and mechanical properties
• Material biomimicry
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6. 4) CELL SOURCES
Different cell types can be used for different uses
and purposes wchich includes:
 Differentiated cells
 Embryonic stem cells or Pluripotent stem cells
 Adult stem cells or Multipotent stem cells
Any of these types of cell should have long-term
viability & functionality
They must divide into sufficient concentration
during maturation in vivo or in vitro
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7. 5) BIOPRINTING
• The actual technology, machinery for 3D bioprinting
• It is done by three methods:
1)Inkjet Bioprinting
2)Microextrusion
3)Laser- assisted bioprinting(LAB)
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8. Inkjet Microextrusion LAB
Preparation
time
Low Low to Medium Medium to High
Speed Fast(1-10000 droplets/s) Slow(10-50 µm/s) Medium-fast(200-1600
mm/s)
Resolution 50µm 5µm to mm Microscale
Viability >85% 40-80% >95%
Cost Low Medium High
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9. THE ENTIRE PROCESS
A 3D bioprinting system to produce human-scale tissue
constructs with structural integrity(2)
The entire process of manufacturing of ear by 3D bioprinting
by Prof. Hyun-Wook Kang in his lab at UNIST.
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10. APPLICATIONS
 3D bioprints can be used for organ or tissue implantation and for testing
of drugs in vitro(3) and for manufacturing of artificial meat(4)
 But the challenges are more than application because of its variety of
tissues which require various environment to grow and having more cell
types
 Nowadays , 2D structures like skin, hollow tubes like blood vessels ,
aortic valves and branched vascular trees are applicable for using in
transplantation but actual 3D organs like kidneys , heart , lever are in
development because of lack of vascularization and different cell
sources
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11. BIOPRINTERS
• These are many companies manufacturing bioprinters and products…
• EnvisionTEC’s 3D Bioplotter Manufacturer Series + Developer Series
• Organovo’s NovoGen MMX
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12. REFERENCES
1. Zopf, D. A., Hollister, S. J., Nelson, M. E., Ohye, R. G., & Green, G. E.
(2013). Bioresorbable airway splint created with a three-
dimensional printer. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(21),
2043-2045.
2. Kang, H. W., Lee, S. J., Ko, I. K., Kengla, C., Yoo, J. J., & Atala, A.
(2016). A 3D bioprinting system to produce human-scale tissue
constructs with structural integrity. Nature biotechnology, 34(3),
312-319.
3. Murphy, S. V., & Atala, A. (2014). 3D bioprinting of tissues and
organs.Nature biotechnology, 32(8), 773-785.
4. Mironov, V., Trusk, T., Kasyanov, V., Little, S., Swaja, R., &
Markwald, R. (2009). Biofabrication: a 21st century manufacturing
paradigm.Biofabrication, 1(2), 022001.
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