This document provides an overview of intellectual property, including its definition and main categories. Intellectual property is divided into industrial property (patents, trademarks, industrial designs, geographical indications, trade secrets) and copyright. It describes key aspects of each type of intellectual property like what they protect, who can own them, typical length of protection, examples of famous patents and trademarks. The purpose of intellectual property is to promote innovation by granting exclusive rights to creators and owners to benefit from their work.

1. Ali Kasraei
Melina Aghaeedoost
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2. What is Intellectual Property?
• Intellectual property refers
to creations of the mind.
Intellectual property is
divided into two
categories:
• Industrial Property
• Copyright
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3. Industrial Property
Includes:
• patents for inventions
• Trademarks
• industrial designs
• geographical indication
• Trade Secrets
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4. • literary, works such as novels ,poems
• films, musical works
• artistic works
• Architectural designs
• radio and television programs
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5. • They allow the creator, or owner, of a patent,
trademark, or copyright to benefit from his or
her own work or investment.
• These rights are outlined in Article 27 of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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6. (2) Everyone has the right to the protection
of the moral and material interests resulting
from any scientific, literary or artistic
production of which he is the author.
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7. • an exclusive right granted for an invention
– product or a process
• Granted for a limited period, generally 20
years.
• provides protection for the invention
to the owner of the patent
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8. What kind of protection
does a patent offer?
Patent protection means that
the invention cannot be
commercially made, used,
distributed or sold without
the patent owner’s consent
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9. What rights does
a patent owner have?
• decide who may – or
may not – use the
patented
• sell the right
• Once a patent expires,
the protection ends,
and an invention
enters the public
domain
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10. Why are patents necessary?
• Patents provide incentives to
individuals
• These incentives encourage
innovation
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11. • electric lighting
– patents held by Edison and Swan
• plastic
– patents held by Baekeland
• ballpoint pens
– patents held by Biro
• Microprocessors
– patents held by Intel
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12. Who grants
patents?
• National patent office
• Regional office
• such as :
– The European Patent Office (EPO)
– the African Intellectual Property
Organization (OAPI)
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13. • A trademark is a distinctive sign, which
identifies certain goods or services as those
produced or provided by a specific person or
enterprise.
• Its origin dates back to ancient times, when
craftsmen reproduced their signatures, or
“marks” on their artistic or utilitarian products
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14. What does a trademark do?
• provides protection by ensuring
the exclusive right to use it to
identify goods or services, or to
authorize another to use it in
return for payment
• The period of protection varies,
but a trademark can be renewed
indefinitely on payment of
corresponding fees
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15. What kinds of trademarks
can be registered?
The possibilities are almost
limitless:
• One or a combination of
words, letters, and numerals
• drawings, symbols, three
dimensional signs
• audible signs such as music or
vocal sounds
• fragrances, or colors
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16. • Intel and 386, MMX
• Palm Computing and
PalmPilot
Pilot Pen
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17. • An industrial design is the ornamental or
aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may
consist of three-dimensional features, such as
the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional
features, such as patterns, lines
or color.
• To be protected under most national laws, an
industrial design must be new or original and
nonfunctional
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18. Why protect
industrial designs?
Industrial designs are
what make an article
attractive and appealing;
hence, they add to the
commercial value of a
product and increase its
marketability.
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19. • the term of protection
is generally five years,
• with the possibility of
further periods of
renewal up to, in most
cases, 15 years.
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20. A geographical indication is a sign used on
goods that have a specific geographical origin
and possess qualities or a reputation that are
due to that place of origin
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21. • Agricultural products
typically have
qualities that derive
from their place of
production and are
influenced by specific
local geographical
factors, such as
climate and soil.
• They may also
highlight specific
qualities of a product
which are due to
human factors that
can be found in the
place of origin of the
products. 21

22. • “Roquefort” for cheese produced in this
region of France.
• “Tuscany” for olive oil , specific area of
Italy
• “Switzerland” or “Swiss” for watches
• “Bordeaux” , wine , Bordeaux region of
France
• “Habana” , tobacco, Havana region of
Cuba
• Tequila”, spirits , areas of Mexico 22

23. Why do geographical
indications need protection?
Geographical
indications are
understood by
consumers to
denote the origin
and the quality of
products
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24. Geographical indication VS trademark
• A trademark is a sign used by an enterprise to
distinguish its goods and services from those
of other enterprises.
• It gives its owner the right to exclude others
from using the trademark.
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25. Geographical indication VS trademark
• A geographical indication tells consumers that
a product is produced in a certain place and
has certain characteristics that are due to that
place of production.
• It may be used by all producers who make
their products in the place designated by a
geographical indication and whose products
share typical qualities.
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26. Copyright
Copyright is the body of laws which
grants authors, artists and other creators
protection for their literary and artistic
creations, which are generally referred to
as “works”.
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27. Works covered
by copyright
• novels, poems, plays,
reference
• works, newspapers
• Computer programs,
databases
• films, musical compositions
• Choreography, paintings,
drawings
• photographs, sculpture,
architecture advertisements,
maps
• technical drawings
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28. What rights do copyright
and related rights provide?
• They hold the exclusive
right to use or
authorize others to use
the work on agreed
terms
• not less than 50 years
after the creator’s
death
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29. What are the benefits in
protecting copyright ?
• Essential component in fostering human
creativity and innovation
• Giving incentives in the form of recognition
and fair economic rewards
• Increases activities and output and often
enhances the results
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30. • A group of movie studios , Led by Universal
Studios Sued Sony Corporation, Betamax
video Recorder
• The case went to Supreme Court
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31. Trade Secrets
Used to protect
inventions than were
not patented or not
patentable
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34. • the World Intellectual Property
Organization
• Established in 1970
• International organization
dedicated to helping to ensure
that the rights of creators and
owners of intellectual property
are protected worldwide and
that inventors and authors are
thus recognized and rewarded
for their ingenuity.
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35. Why promote and protect
intellectual property?
1. the progress and well-being of humanity rests
on its capacity for new creations in the areas of
technology and culture
2. the legal protection of these new creations
encourages the expenditure of additional
resources, which leads to further innovation
3. the promotion and protection of intellectual
property spurs economic growth, creates new
jobs and industries, and enhances the quality
and enjoyment of life.
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36. • powerful tool for economic development and
social and cultural well-being
• strike a balance between the interests of the
innovator and the public interest
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37. How does the average
person benefit?
• Intellectual property rights reward creativity
and human endeavor, which fuel the progress
of humankind.
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39. • You needed to reveal the information to buyer
• The buyer could often consume it and had not
incentive to pay
• IP law offered tools to extract value through
Licensing and other mechanisms
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40. License
• Two strategy:
• License out: a firm
license it’s IP to another
or several firm
– Mac OS
• License in: a firm paid a
given amount to license
another firm’s IP
– Procter& Gamble – Spin
Brush – Cleveland
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