This document summarizes a stakeholder workshop on solid waste management for Mumbai's Development Plan from 2014-2034. The workshop critiqued the preparatory studies document, noting that many figures were not referenced and data assumptions need discussion. It was also noted that waste reduction at source was not mentioned and recommendations from a previous vision document were not included. Suggestions included providing ward-level waste generation data and allocating space in each planning sector for decentralized waste management. Decentralized facilities were proposed as an alternative to reduce land and transportation requirements.

1. Mumbai Development Plan
(2014-2034)
Solid Waste Management Stakeholder Workshop
to provide inputs to the Preparatory Studies
document provided by MCGM
21st January, 2014
Conference Room, F(S) Ward Office
Stree Mukti Sanghatana
AAKAR
Observer Research Foundation
Mumbai

2. • Report available on following link has been
referenced for this presentation
http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM
%20Department%20List/Chief%20Engineer%20%28Developm
ent%20Plan%29/Preparatory%20Studies%20Report/PREPARA
TORY%20STUDIES_PART_2_B.pdf
Pages 165-168 (as per numbering in the report)
Pages 15-18 (as per the PDF page reader)
2

3. Critique of Preparatory Studies
document
Many figures provided are not referenced and
will need clarification.
We feel that Preparatory Studies is an
important document which will form the basis
for further planning and all the data,
assumptions and assertions made in the
document need to be discussed and
countered for their correctness or otherwise.
3

4. Nowhere in the whole document is the
mention about reduction of waste at source.
This has become the dominant philosophy for
solid waste management, which guides all
decisions regarding policy, land use, budget
and operations in many parts of the world
now.
4

5. Peoples vision document was submitted by
“Hamara Shehar Vikas Niyojan – Mumbai DP
Program” in September 2013. Those
recommendations have not been included in
the preparatory studies document
5

6. Existing crisis
• No admission of the crisis's at Deonar and
Kanjur
• From a land use point of view the municipal
corporation must admit and inform citizens of
how challenging finding land for landfill sites
has been.
• Using the same as a basis it should layout and
justify a plan for a decentralised and waste
reduction at source policy
6

7. Photo: Vanashakti
7

8. Photo: Vanashakti
8

9. Livelihood linkages of solid waste not
discussed adequately
9

10. • Table 34 on page 165
Mentions Number of community collection
points as
3,751
Does this include the kind of sites shown in
following slides?
10

11. Photo: Rishi Aggarwal
11

12. Photo: Rishi Aggarwal
12

13. Photo: Rishi Aggarwal
13

14. Review of the data and statements
made in Challenges on page 166
14

15. 630 gm
average waste
generated per person
per day
Averages are misleading. Is
this per family or per person?
A classification of data needs
to be done on following
accounts
1. Bulk generators like
restaurants, hotels,
vegetable markets etc.
and individual households
and residential buildings
2. Slum and non-slum
15

16. 619 MT
Was a study
conducted?
Total recovered waste
including recyclables
No reference given for
this number?
16

17. 369 MT
No reference to data
source?
per day of the solid waste
generated is treated by
converting it into organic
manure, vermi-composting,
vermi-culture
No mention of any of the
operational bio-gas plants
Would an increase in
decentralised treatment of
organic waste be desirable?
17

18. Point no 5 page 166
“Lack of segregation of
waste cause operation
difficulties and eventually
environmental damage at
treatment issues. Land
constraints are and very
high land prices pose a
challenge towards
identification of land for
locating sorting centres”
How much land is
required for
sorting centres?
Has the MCGM
done a study on
the same before
arriving at a
conclusion?
18

19. “The rest of the entire
solid waste collected
including construction
and demolition waste
are dumped in the
landfill sites without
any treatment”
Is this an admission by the
MCGM of failure and
irresponsibility in
implementing the MSW
2000 Rules?
Use of word landfill sites
incorrect. These facilities
are unscientific garbage
dumps
19

20. In 2005 a comprehensive survey was carried out by the
SWM cell of the All India Institute of Local SelfGovernment (AIILSG), Mumbai, and a local NGO, the
CLEAN-Sweep Forum, under the assistance of the US-Asia
Environment Program (US-AEP) of USAID, to examine the
ALM system and suggest necessary steps to revitalize this
effective movement of peoples’ participation and help in
developing its institutionalisation in the municipal set-up.
The genesis of this research study was the extensive
deliberations spread over a year, which CSF had with
municipal officials such as the AMC in charge of SWM,
which resulted in MCGM calling for a Project Report on the
subject.
http://mumbaiswm.wordpress.com/2009/07/31/cleansweep-report-on-preformance-of-alms/
20

21. Table 5.1: Consolidated Quantitative Data of ALMs Surveyed in Mumbai
Sr. Details
No.
M Ward
Rest of City
Total
1
22
23
45
63,015
88,845
4,405 kgs
6,164 kgs.
2,228 kgs.
3438 kgs.
51%
56%
795 kg
1,006 kg (16%)
No.of ALMs surveyed
No. of residents (at 5 per 25,830
family)
2
Total Waste generated in 1,759 kgs
the ALM (minus inert)
2.1
Waste
not
going
to 1,210 kgs.
dumping grounds
2.2
Percentage of total waste 69%
not going to dump
2.3
‘Dry’ waste not going to 211 kg
dump
21

22. 2.4
‘Wet’ waste not going to dump
999 kg
1433 kg
2432
kg
(40%)
2.5
Mixed waste still going to dump
549 kg
2177 kg
2726
kg
(44%)
3
Waste generated p. family
0.340 kg
0.350 kg
0.345 kg ave*
0.234 kg
0.177 kg
0.190 kg ave
(dry+wet+mixed)
4
Waste saved from dump per family
per day
4.1
Total amount saved by ALMs for MCGM Rs.1936
Rs.
@ Rs. 1.60 kg. per day/ per month
per day
per day
3565 Rs. 5501 per
Rs. 58080 Rs.
day
Rs. 1,65,030
1,06,950
5
Compost generation per month
6
Employment Generation Full/part time 7 / 26
workers
3000 kg
4300 kg
7300 kg
65 / 20
72 / 46
22

23. In the absence of high quality, reliable and
detailed data, it is not possible to calculate
land requirement for decentralised waste
management
23

24. We challenge the point there is paucity of lands
Making the Development Plan should logically be
done keeping in mind that influencing the SWM
policy would have significant impact on
increasing or decreasing the land requirements in
the 2014-2034 timeframe
THE RIGHT SWM POLICY WILL HELP REDUCE THE
DEMAND FOR LAND
24

25. Suggestions
Preparatory studies document needs to
provide ward wise statistics for following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Hotel/Restaurant waste
Vegetable market waste
House hold waste
Low/high income house holds
Garden waste
Religious waste
Biomedical waste
Slaughter house
25

26. Suggestions
• Provide space for decentralised waste
management in each of the 151 planning sectors
identified.
• 415 sqkm is Planning Area for DP2014-34. Each
sector = 2.74 sqkm = 677 acres
• It will be desirable to devote at least one acre for
decentralised waste management facilities in
each sector.
26

27. Suggestions
• Bio-mining at Gorai dumping ground to create
space for developing bio gas plants, windrows,
dry waste sorting centres and other waste
management facilities
• Significant population in R Wards and a large
part of the waste can avoid travelling till
Kanjur and Deonar.
27

28. Glass
Metal
Green
Plastic
landfill

29. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND
ECONOMICS
•
1 MT biodegradable waste is going to be 1 to 2 MT food
for tomorrow.
•
Decentralized
plants
can
substantially
reduce
transportation costs and associated hazards.
•
1 MT biodegradable waste resource processing through
Nisargruna generates
•
employment for 1 person
•
15-30 Kg fuel (Methane gas)
•
50-90 Kg manure

30. 1 MT biodegradable waste resource will generate
30 Kg Methane
This is equivalent to 630 Kg CO2 for carbon
emission purpose
Every tonne of biodegradable waste produced
reduces
1
MT
of
CO2
considering
methane
generated and fuel saved for transportation.
This is equivalent to 1 CER
(Certified emission reduction)

31. Average installation cost for
1. 1-5 MT/day
plants would be Rs. 17-20
Lakhs per tonne ($28000 to 32000)
2. 10 to 25 MT/day plants would be Rs. 15
Lakhs/MT

32. Average O&M cost per annum for
1. 1-5 MT/day plants would be Rs. 1.2 Lakhs
per tonne
2. 10 to 25 MT/day plants would be Rs. 0.8
Lakhs/MT

33. Space economy in Nisargruna plants
Capacity
Space
Quantity processed
MT
M2
in 30 years (MT)
1
60
9900
2
100
19800
5
400
49500
10
1000
99000
25
2000
247500
50
4000
495000
Average life of a Nisargruna plant will be 30 years

34. • Paying back Nature’s loan
• Improving the environment
• Maintaining the resource recycling in equilibrium
• Improving the health aspects of city and country
• Reducing carbon emissions through
• Vehicular transportation check
• Using biogas to replace fossil fuels
• Stopping the emission of methane at dumps
• Using manure replacing urea

35. NISARGRUNA PLANT: RAW MATERIALS
Type of material
No. of plants
Locations
> 100
Most of the existing
plants
Vegetable market
> 30
Some plants receive
mix materials
Abattoir discards
4
Deonar, Solapur,
Kalyan
Bone protein factory
discards
3
Chandrapur
Kitchen discards
Cattle dung
10
Nasik, Chiplun, Pali,
Anjangaon, Vasai, Tara

36. Compost pits
Brick Construction
•Suitable for organic waste
•Output – compost
 Provide suitable solutions
-Brick constuction
(Available in various capacities)
SIZES
100 families
3 pits of size
5’x3’x2’
Maintenance
Output - Compost

37. Biogas Plants
100 Kg Biogas Plant at TISS
Output- Biogas and Manure

38. TCS, THANE
•
1MT/day Food resource from TCS canteen
•
Area 40 m2
•
Biogas for Kitchen
•
June 2009

39. Balloon
room
Generator
Gas
dome
Solar
heater
New waste resource
processing room

40. Sustainable Solid Waste
Management Solutions for Mumbai
Saurabh Shah
15 Jan 2014

41. Situation in Mumbai
Population of Mumbai
1,50,00,000
Number of Wards
151
Average Population of each ward
1 Lac
Per Capita Waste Generation per day
0.5 kg
Percentage Organic Waste
50%
Total Organic Waste per day per Ward
12,500 kg
Total Inorganic Waste per day per Ward
12,500 kg

42. Solution for Mumbai
• Each ward to have its own de-centralized waste management
center (DWMC)
• Each DWMC to be housed in a facility of about 2000 square meters
• DWMC to have 3 sections
– Waste Receiving and Segregation Section (200 sq m)
– Organic Waste Treatment Section (1000 sq m)
– Dry Waste Recycling Section (800 sq m)
• The DWMC can be co-located with Public Toilets urinals as a multi
utility complex
• DWMC to employ rag pickers to be trained for Capacity Building by
local NGO’s
• In case of unavailability of a single piece of land, the DWMC can be
further split into 3-4 DWMC’s each of 500 sq m

43. Solution for Mumbai
• Excel’s de-centralized Organic Waste
Converter (OWC) technology can be utilized to
convert the organic waste into rich compost
• Garden waste can be converted into fuel
pellets or briquettes using a briquetting
technology
• Dry Waste Recycling can be carried out by
NGO’s working closely with ragpickers,
kabadiwalas and recylcers

44. Thank you
44