This document summarizes observations from country case study presentations on solid waste management at a workshop in Jeju, South Korea. It provides key data on waste generation rates and practices for various cities in Bangladesh, China, India, Kiribati, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Common issues across locations included lack of proper waste processing facilities, low priority of waste reduction and recycling, and need for greater government commitment and public-private partnerships to improve waste management.

1. Observations on Country Case Study
Presentations by Participants
(UNEP-UNITAR-cifal Jeju Workshop –
10-12 December 2013)
K D Bhardwaj
Senior Program Officer
Asian Productivity Organization

2. Bangladesh
City: Rajshahi
Waste: 195 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: 0.245
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Institutes supporting SWM:
Local Government
Engineering Department
(LGED)
Bangladesh Municipal
Development Fund (BMDF)
Department of Public Health
Engineering
Observations:
75 – 85 % compostable waste
Why not compost plant with the
help of external support/donor
agencies?
Is landfill engineered/sanitary with
liner system?
Efforts on 3R !!

3. People’s Republic of China
City: Hangzhou
Waste: 8876 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: ___
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Municipal government set
waste segregation standards
Waste segregation website
Eco-community project for
zero waste community
Smart Green House project
Smart Bins
Observations:
Waste segregation not practiced
properly.
No incentives for waste segregation
Why incineration plants opposed?
Misconception about incineration !!
No space left in landfill facility after
5 years. How to tackle this issue?

4. India
City: Chandigarh
Waste: 370 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: 0.370
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Observations:
Dumping ground or engineered
landfill ?
Waste reduction/reuse/recycle
targets?
Door-to-door collection of
waste and Waste segregation
Garbage processing plant for
RDF
Biomethanation for slaughter
house waste

5. India
City: Kota
Waste: 300 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: 0.300
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Less paper office/E-governance
Use of polythene bags
banned
Sewage treatment
100 % ash utilization
Observations:
Waste reduction/reuse/recycle
targets?
Waste collection?
Waste processing and disposal
facility !

6. India
City: Vijayawada
Waste: 550 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: _____
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste to energy plant
Plan for composting/vermin-composting
Observations:
Medical waste / Hazardous waste
handling and management
Engineered landfill ?
Waste reduction/reuse/recycle
targets?
Waste to energy plant not
functioning !

7. India
City: Panchkula
Waste: ______
Kg/Capita/day: _____
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Good government control
and administration
Community Led Total
Sanitation Program
Observations:
Power generation as part of
integrated waste management
Lack of systematic assessment of
waste generation

8. Kiribati
City: South Tarawa
Waste: ______
Kg/Capita/day: _____
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Kiribati Integrated
Environment Policy
Joint Enforcement Team
Chemical waste
management
Observations:
Can not afford having waste !
3Rs essential!
Minimise/eliminate landfilling

9. Malaysia
City: Penang
Waste: 288,377 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: 1.07
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste composition
Government commitment
Way forward – zero waste
Observations:
Segregation at source still an
issue !
Waste reduction targets!
ISO14001 ?

10. Mongolia
City: Ulaaanbaatar
Waste: ______ tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: _____
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Seasonal waste
composition (50 % ash in
winter)
Master plan available
Several regulations
Observations:
Waste processing and disposal ?
Waste sorting?
System to handle seasonal
variation ?
3Rs !

11. Nepal
City: Kathmandu
Waste: 475 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: 0.3
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste generation
assessment
Construction of transfer
station /landfill site
Community based
composting
Observations:
Waste collection and transportation!
Final waste processing and
disposal ?
Waste reduction strategy!

12. Nepal
City: Birendranagar
Waste: 5 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: 0.0415
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste composition (75%
organic)
Solid waste management
plan
Observations:
Why landfill site construction ?
What about composting/RDF or
waste to energy?

13. Nepal
City: Biratnagar
Waste: 55 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: 0.33
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste composition (75%
organic)
Solid waste management
system (private sector)
Observations:
Why landfill site ?
Waste reduction targets?
Leachate treatment at landfill site !
Implementation of strategies?

14. Nepal
City: Hetauda
Waste: 20-25 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: 0.25
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste composition (70%
organic) and waste
generation assessment
Color based sorting
(primary and secondary)
Integrated waste
management plan
Observations:
Waste processing and disposal
site ?
Waste reduction targets?

15. Nepal
City: Siddharthanagar
Waste: 30 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: 0.48
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste composition (73%
organic)
Waste segregation at
source
Good understanding
Observations:
Why landfill site construction?
Why not composting/ RDF plant?
Waste reduction targets?

16. Nepal
City: Tansen Municipality
Waste: 6 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: ____
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste composition (44%
organic)
Compost plant
Plastic free municipality
Observations:
Why landfill site construction?
3Rs targets?

17. Pakistan
City: Rawalpindi
Waste: 48000 tons/day in
country
Kg/Capita/day: 0.5-0.7
(country average)
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
National guidelines
Infrastructure is there
SWEEP program
competed
Observations:
No law?
Waste processing and disposal
facilities
3Rs targets?
Much needs to be done!

18. Philippines
City: Mandaluyong
Waste: 400,000 m3
Kg/Capita/day: 0.71
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Master plan for SWM
Ban on plastic packaging
Barangay-level
beautification projects
Observations:
Waste processing and disposal
facility
Waste segregation
3Rs targets?

19. Philippines
City: Cagayan De Oro
Waste: 14,346.66 m3 per
month
Kg/Capita/day: ___
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste composition (50 %
food/organic waste, plastic
25%)
MRF for each Barangay
plan
Observations:
Waste processing and disposal
facility
Composting/RDF plant?
3Rs targets?

20. Sri Lanka
City: Kattankudy
Waste: 25 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: 0.412
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste composition (58 %
biodegradable)
Local authority fully
responsible
Waste recycling banking
system
Observations:
No law on waste management?
Waste processing and disposal
facility
Composting/RDF plant?
3Rs targets?

21. Thailand
City: Nong Rua
Municipality
Waste: 25 tons
Kg/Capita/day: ___
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
Waste composition (58-64
% organic waste)
Assessment of waste
generation
Observations:
Waste processing and disposal
facility
Composting/RDF plant?
3Rs targets?
Much needs to be done

22. Vietnam
City: Hue
Waste: 205 tons/day
Kg/Capita/day: ___
Good Practice/Framework/
System:
30 % recycling target by
2020
Plan to construct recycling
facilities
Observations:
Waste processing and disposal
facility
Waste sorting ?
3Rs targets?
Much needs to be done

23. COMMON ISSUES
My city, my home??
Know-your-waste
Finance (rich city - more waste)
Waste management strategy (Reactive or
proactive)
Cost recovery (Is it must?)
Technology

24. COMMON ISSUES
Waste management priority –
Geographic or waste stream based
Government commitment
Public private partnership
Waste reduction targets
Natural disasters

25. Thank you!
K D Bhardwaj
Senior Program Officer
Industry Department, APO
kdbhardwaj@apo-tokyo.org