This document summarizes Kunal Kumar's presentation on Pune's approach to zero waste management. Some key points: - Pune generates around 1600 tons of solid waste per day and collects waste door-to-door using 160 trucks. - Their integrated waste management approach focuses on segregation at source, decentralized processing, and scientific disposal. - Best practices include integrating the informal sector, biomethanation plants, mandatory on-site disposal for new developments, and an app for citizen complaints. - The goal is to become a zero garbage city through increasing awareness, promoting recycling and composting, and developing comprehensive centralized processing.

1. NitiAayog–CentreForPolicyResearchOpenSeminar Series
“Conceptualising Zero-Waste in India under Swachh Bharat:
Possibilities & Challenges”
Monday,29th June 2015,15:00–16:30 hrs
Room 122 Niti Aayog,Sansad Marg,New Delhi 110001

2.
Pune’s
Trash
Solution
A
Zero
Waste
City
KUNAL KUMAR
Municipal Commissioner,
Pune Municipal Corporation

3. PUNE
CITY
Ø Pune is the 8th largest city in India and the 2nd
largest in the state of Maharashtra.
Ø Population ; about 4 million
Ø Households ; nearly 1 million
Ø Area of city is 250 sq. kms.
Ø 4 Zones ; 15 Administrative Ward Offices ; 76
Prabhags

4. BACKGROUND
Rapid
urbanization
Changing
consumer
habits
Space
constraints
for
processing
Change
in
quality
and
composition
of
waste
generated
Innovative
and
sustainable
solutions
Segregation
at
source
and
decentralised
processing
of
waste

5. -­‐5-­‐
6%
5%
3%
5%
33%
1%
25%
22%
Paper
Plastic
Metal
Glass
Organic
Leather
/
Rubber
Inert
Materials
Miscellaneous
S
N
Source
of
generation
Quantity(
MT)
%
of
total
1
Household
950
69.1
2
Street
sweeping
&
drainage
cleaning
140
10.2
3
Hotels
&restaurants
150
10.9
4
Markets
/
commercial
area
50
3.6
5
C
and
D
Waste
75
5.5
6
Fruit,
vegetable,
Vish
meat
market
waste
7.5
0.5
7
Biomedical
waste
1.8
0.1
Sources
and
Composition
of
MSW
Description
Percentage
Organic
Matter
45
to
50
Recyclables
from
Residential
&
Commercial
35
to
40
Inert
Material
10
to
15
Other
Parameters
•
Density
•
GCV
•
C/N
• 437
Kg/m3
• 937Kcal/Kg
• 22.85

6. INTEGRATED
SOLID
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Nos.
Tipper
Trucks
158
Compactors
12
Hotel
Trucks
23
Tractors
10
Dumper
Placers
89
Bulk
Refuse
Carrier
(B.R.C.)
65
Year
Population
Waste
Generation
(TPD)
2011
3,115,431
1374
2021
4,487,573
2677
2031
6,211,404
4125
2041
8,597,417
6071

7. OVERVIEW
OF
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Ø Pune
generates
around
1600
tons
of
solid
waste
per
day.
Ø 160
trucks
collect
waste
door-­‐to-­‐door,
collecting
an
average
of
198
tons
per
day.
Ø 847containers
and
116
compactor
buckets
dispersed
around
Pune.
Ø Ward
wise
average-­‐
350
to
750
gms
per
capita
per
day
Ø Construction
and
demolition
waste
generation
–80-­‐90
TPD
Ø Garden
waste
generation
–
50-­‐60
TPD
Ø Biomedical
waste
–
3
TPD

8. Service
Level
Benchmarking
-­‐8-­‐
Source:
SWM
Department
Pune
Municipal
Corporation
• Door-­‐to-­‐door
collection
of
waste
is
only
60%
which
needs
to
be
targeted
for
100%
in
future.
• Extent
of
segregation
of
waste
is
44%.
§ There
is
no
Mechanism
for
disposal
of
C&D
processing
waste.
§ Issues
of
scientiVic
disposal
and
Treatment
of
e-­‐waste.
§ Present
Per
capita
per
day
waste
generation
is
441
gram.
§ Future
solid
waste
generation
for
Pune
city
is
Projected
on
the
basis
of
existing
per
capita
generation
with
annually
increase
of
1.4
percent
growth
rate
for
metropolitan
cities
in
India.
Sr.
No.
Performance
Indicator
2014-­‐15
1
Household
level
coverage
of
solid
waste
management
services
80
2
EfViciency
of
collection
of
municipal
solid
waste
100
3
Extent
of
segregation
of
municipal
solid
waste
44
4
Extent
of
municipal
solid
waste
recovered
85
5
Extent
of
scientiVic
disposal
of
municipal
solid
waste
50
6
Extent
of
cost
recovery
in
solid
waste
management
services
80
7
EfViciency
in
collection
of
solid
waste
management
charges
81
8
EfViciency
in
redressal
of
customer
complaints
91

9. BEST
PRACTICES
TO
GENERATE
WEATH
OUT
OF
WASTE
Ø ScientiVic
processing
and
scientiVic
land
Villing
of
waste
Ø Integrating
Informal
Sector
in
Municipal
Solid
Waste
Management
Ø Pune’s
Trash
Solution:
A
Zero
Garbage
City
Ø Biomethanation
cum
power
generation
plants
Ø Waste
to
energy
–
Plasma
gasiVication
Ø Mandatory
onsite
disposal
in
post
2000
residential
and
commercial
schemes

10. — Data
collection
for
MIS
using
Mobile
SMS
and
Biometric
attendance
— ALERT
G-­‐Complaint
Redressal
through
citizens
participation
— Celebration
of
Ganesh
Utasav
in
Eco
friendly
manner
Ø Sonia
gram
udyog
prakalp
for
plastic
recycling
Ø Shredding
and
composting
of
garden
waste
BEST
PRACTICES
(CONTIN)

11. Process
Collection
Storage
Segregation,
Recycle
&
Reuse
Transportation
Processing
ScientiVic
Disposal

12. Key
Focus
Areas
— Awareness
— Container
free
city
— Promotion
of
Decentralized
Waste
Processing
facility
— Practice
of
three
‘R’
— Comprehensive
solution
for
Centralized
Waste
Processing

13. Services
Provided
— Primary
and
secondary
collection
of
waste
— Segregation
and
storage
and
waste
reduction
at
source
— Transportation
— Processing
and
disposal
— Estimate
and
analysis
of
waste
— Waste
minimization
— Public
awareness
and
enforcement
— Resource
management
— Prohibition
of
littering

14. Integrating
Informal
Sector
–
SWaCH
Model
§ Pune
city’s
efforts
to
partner
with
waste
pickers
organizations
to
provide
better
service
–
2300
wastepickers
cover
about
0.4
Million
Households
§ PMC
pays
for
management
and
equipment
cost
§ Health
insurance
provided
by
PMC

15. PMC
-­‐
SWaCH
MODEL
Segregation
by
citizens
and
user
fee
based
model
Better
conditions
of
work
for
waste
pickers
Cleaner
waste
for
recycling
industry
Reduction
in
municipal
expenses
for
waste
management
Compliance
of
MSW
2000
rules
Decentralized
waste
management
and
processing
Climate
change
mitigation
Poverty
Alleviation
Public
Private
Partnership
Better
waste
management

16. New
Portable
Sheds
for
SWaCH
•
There
are
45
sor+ng
shed
Including
6
Portable
&
Other
• Sonia
Gram
Udyog
Prakalp
1)
Aundh
2)
Katraj
3)Yerawada
• 200
–
250
Waste
Picker
Directly
AAached
Processer
• 4
TPD
of
waste
is
Processed

17. What
is
Zero
Waste?
— “Zero
waste”
means
that
garbage
should
be
reused
locally
to
avoid
sending
the
trash
to
landVills.
¡ Alleviates
both
environmental
issues
related
to
landVills
as
well
as
city
maintenance
costs.
— How
to
reuse:
Enhanced
recycling
of
plastic,
glass,
metal
and
paper
and
harness
potential
of
organic
waste
through
investment
in
biogas,
composting
and
other
technologies.
¡ Ultimate
goal:
Create
value
out
of
waste
to
produce
a
paradigm
shift
from
garbage
as
disposable
to
garbage
as
a
renewable
resource.

18. Zero
Waste
Model
30/06/15
Zero
Garbage
Improve
efViciency
of
waste
collection
Decentralised
processing
of
waste
Increase
awareness
Reduce
mixed
waste
Remove
containers

20. Zero Waste ward
v PMC
initiated
“Zero
Waste
Ward”
model
pilot
project
in
PMC’s
Katraj
ward
in
2010
v Till
date,
the
Zero
Waste
model
has
been
rolled
out
to
20
Prabhags
covering
almost
2.61
Lacs
properties
and
roughly
8.5
lacs
residents
Based
on
its
success,
the
model
is
being
rolled
out
in
Pune
Municipal
Corporation
in
a
phased
manner.

21. Key Elements Of Zero Waste Model
Social
Awareness
Economic
Sustainability
of
Decentralized
Waste
management
Public
Private
Partnership
Multiple
Technologies
Zero
Garbage

22. PMC
Solid
Waste
Management
System
SWaCH
Cooperative
Door-­‐to-­‐door
collection
of
garbage
Households
and
Commercial
Units
Segregation
of
garbage
at
source
into
dry
and
wet
Corporate
Sponsor
Financial
aid
and
volunteers
Janwani
Facilitator
Stakeholders
In
The
Model

23. Pilot project - Katraj
Zero
Garbage
Pilot
Project
in
Katraj
Ward
• 2010-­‐2012
• 11,500
Properties
• 45,000
Residents
ELEMENT
BEFORE
AFTER
Community
Waste
Containers
24
4
Segregation
at
Source
<
10%
Roughly
70%
Door
to
Door
Collection
Coverage
30%
90%
No
of
Waste
Pickers
20
45
Wet
Waste
Processing
None
5
Tons/Day
Biogas
Waste
Sent
to
LandVill
10
Tons/Day
2
Tons/Day

24. Containers
initially
=144
;
Containers
reduced
=49
Overall
Coverage
=
88%
;
Overall
Segregation
73%
Compost
pits
activated
=
11,060
properties
67750
46%
81444
64%
104402
71%
117030
77%
87%
88%
129312
32200
22%
41%
60550
73870
50%
90911
56%
70%
73%
106444
107223
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Oveall
DTDC
&
Segregation
in
11
Prabbhags
Overall
DTDC
Overall
Seg.
Expansion Of Zero Waste Model To 20 Prabhag -
Results

25. 58400
51%
63954
56%
73566
65%
73%
80759
75%
84723
37629
33%
41342
36%
52401
50%
56853
58%
66164
60%
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
Households
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐>
Overall
DTDC
&
Segregation
in
9
Prabbhags
Overall
DTDC
Overall
Seg.
Containers
initially
=135
;
Containers
reduced
to
71
Overall
Coverage
=75%
;
Overall
Segregation
60%
Compost
pits
activated
=1691
properties
Expansion Of Zero Waste Model To 20 Prabhag -
Results

26.
• 22354
properties
• 21.41
TPD
Before
the
Project
• 41,224
Properties
• 42.67
TPD
End
of
Dec
2014
COMMUNITY
BINS
REMOVAL
279
105
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
No.
Containers
Before
Project
At
the
End
of
Dec
2014
No.
of
Containers
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐>
Feb
2013-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐>
31st
Dec
2014
Container
Reduction
Chart
At
the
Beginning
of
the
Project
At
the
End
of
Dec
2014
SOCIETY
LEVEL
COMPOSTING
Expansion Of Zero Waste Model To 20 Prabhag
- Results

27. Zero
Garbage
Project
Zero
Garbage
Project
Property
Survey
and
division
into
three
groups
(Society/Bungalow,
Slum
and
Commercials)
Property
Survey
Finding
gaps
in
exisIng
solid
waste
management
system
ExecuIng
proper
awareness
program
and
filling
gaps
Finding
gaps
in
exisIng
system
Further
division
of
properIes
in
small
groups
called
pockets
Discussion
with
various
stakeholders,
execuIon
of
proper
awareness
program,
gap
filling
Provision
of
door
step
waste
collecIon
system
Emphasize
on
source
segregaIon
of
waste
Restrict
mixed
waste
collecIon
Emphasize
to
treate
waste
on
society
level
and
provision
of
technology
assistance
OpImum
recycling
of
Dry
waste
by
waste
collectors
CollecIon
of
segregated
Wet
Waste
&
processing
on
Prabhag/Ward
level
Energy
recovery
from
refused
waste
Processing
of
wet
waste
on
Prabhag/Ward
level
and
recycling
of
opImum
dry
waste
Planning
and
Execution
of
the
Zero
Garbage
Project

28. AWARENESS
PROGRAMS
Rallies
and
Meetings
with
housing
societies
Poster
exhibition
and
video
on
segregation
shown
in
Societies
Games
to
help
spread
awareness
about
segregation
Surprise
Visit
to
check
compliance
of
segregation
Issue
notice
from
PMC
for
compost
pits
and
segregation
of
garbage
Awareness
Rallies
Door
to
Door
awareness
Street
play
,
puppet
shows
Surprise
Audit
to
check
compliance
of
segregation
Meetings
with
SHGs,
Ganesh
Madals
and
other
Organised
Area
(Societies
and
Commercial
complexes)
Un
Organized
Area
(Slums
and
Gaothan)

29. Segregation-­‐
Approach
— PPP-­‐
with
help
of
NGOs
and
waste
picker’s
Organization
(like
SWaCH).
— Pune
Trash
Solution
–
Zero
Garbage
Ward
project
— Awareness-­‐
Through
IEC.
— Incentives-­‐
Distribution
of
dry
and
wet
waste
bins
to
households
and
tax
rebate
for
practicing
ecofriendly
methods
— Bell
ringing
vehicles
–
160
nos
for
separate
collection
of
waste
— Establishment
of
Separate
system
for
Garden
Cutting
and
8
Shredder
Machines
Vixed
at
various
location
for
garden
waste
processing
— Separate
system
for
hotel
waste
collection
through
23
trucks
— Post
2000
constructions
have
compulsion
of
insitu
wet
waste
management

30. GHANTAGADI
ROUTE
MAP

31. INTERMEDIATE
TRANSFER
STATION

32. CURRENT
PROCESSING
OF
WASTE
— Since
June
2010;
scientiVic
processing
and
scientiVic
landVilling.
— Decentralized
waste
processing
plants
operational
at
institutional
and
society
level.
• 200
TPD;
Vermi-­‐
compost
and
compost
• Hadapsar
Ramp
Ajinkya
Biofert
• 100
TPD;
Vermi-­‐
compost
and
compost
• Ram
Tekdi
Industrial
Estate
Disha
Waste
Management
• 100
TPD;
Electricity
and
Compost
• 22
Decentralized
Plants
Biogas
and
Mechanical
Compost
• 700
TPD;
Electricity
• Ram
Tekdi,
Hadapsar
Rochem
Separation
Systems

33. Ajinkya
Biofert

34. Disha
Waste
Management

35. Bio
Methanation
Plants
Description
Value
Biogas
Generation
300+5%
m3/day
CaloriVic
Value
4800-­‐5000
Kcal/
cum
Engine
EfViciency
25%
Electricity
Generation
1.5
kWh/cum
of
Biogas
Equivalent
Electricity
Generation
450kWh/day
Auxiliary
Power
requirement
@50
kWh/day
Net
Surplus
Electricity
for
sale
400
kWh/day

36. Processing-­‐
Mechanical
Composting
Sr.
No
Location
of
Biogas
Plants
Capacity
of
Plant
1
Ram
Tekdi
Garden
5
TPD
2
Aundh
Ward
ofVice
2
TPD

37. ScientiVic
Closure
of
MSW
Dump
Site
As per MSW Rules 2000, Scientific closure and beautification of 30 hectares
of dumping site at Urali Devachi is in progress

38.
Reducing
Carbon
Emissions
with
Eco
friendly
technologies
— The
total
CO2
equivalent
emissions
could
have
been
5.58
times
the
current
emissions
in
case
PMC
had
not
installed
the
scientiVic
technologies
to
process
MSW
in
Pune
city

39. Zone
No
Vermicomp
osting
Pits
Bio-­‐
Sanitisers
Bio-­‐
Methanisa
tion
Organic
Waste
Converter
Total
Nos
Kgs
Nos
Kgs
Nos
Kgs
Nos
Kgs
No
s
Kgs
Zone-­‐1
775
12754
223
2522
14
5636
21
4490
1033
22880
Zone-­‐2
12
330
100
2878
1
185
7
3120
121
6568
Zone-­‐3
63
934.5
396
3273
4
111
10
2430
473
6748.5
Zone-­‐4
139
1878
86
726
6
4200
4
1300
235
7378.3
Total
989
15896.5
803
9334
25
10132
42
11340
1862
43574
Decentralised
Wet
Waste
Processing
Units

40. PPP
Approach
Tax
rebate
given
by
PMC
for
eco-­‐friendly
measures
practiced
by
citizen.
DETAILS
No.
of
Properties
Solar
4075
Vermiculture
10429
Solar
&
Vermiculture
7254
Vermiculture
&
Rain
HarvesIng
1024
TOTAL
22782

41. Trainings
— PMC
conduct
systematic
training
of
sanitation
staff
for
delivery
of
public
services
efViciently,
and
improving
their
communication
skills
— Conducted
training
of
sanitation
staff
and
RCV’s
on
SWM
— Meetings
of
women
kothi
leaders
and
sanitation
are
held
on
each
month
to
discuss
all
relevant
issues.

42. Monitoring
mechanism
— Third
party
auditing
¡ Indicators
deVined
for
auditing
¡ Based
on
these
an
independent
body
ensure
procedures
are
followed
— Mohalla
Committee
— Swachhta
mitra
¡ Local
residents
become
involved
with
the
project
¡ Ensures
sustainability
of
the
project
— Reporting
System
¡ Weekly
report
format.
¡ SI
&
N.D.Squard
Vine
collection
report.
¡ Notices
to
Societies
for
non
segregation.
— Notices
&
Vine
to
plastic
bag
sellers.(<50
microns)
— Legal
action.
— Publication
of
Ghata
trucks
route
maps

43. ACHIEVMENT
@
A
GLANCE
— SWaCH
model
:
¡ Saved
more
than
Rs.
15
crores
per
annum
in
waste
handling
costs
¡ Collect
recyclable
materials
that
amount
to
2o%
of
municipal
solid
waste
¡ They
save
Greenhouse
Gas
Emissions
of
2,94,316
Metric
Tonnes
of
Carbon
Dioxide
Equivalent
(mtCO2-­‐eq)
per
annum
(2006)
— Zero
Garbage
Ward
¡ Improved
service
delivery
of
DTDC
and
segregation
of
waste
and
reduced
transportation
cost.
¡ ISO
CertiVication
for
Decentralized
Solid
Waste
Management
System:
Easy
to
transfer
and
replicate
— Energy
generation
:
About
1
MW
energy
from
100
tons
of
organic
waste
using
biogas
(Pay
back
period
5-­‐6Years)
— About
2.5
MW
of
energy
from
250
Tons
of
waste
by
using
plasma
pyrolysis
technology
Less
space
required,
no
capital
cost,
and
share
in
Carbon
credits.
— 100
percent
scientiVic
disposal
since
2010
and
no
open
Dumping
-­‐
ScientiHic
land
Hilling
&
Capping

44. Recognition
— Vasundhara
Award
2013
by
Maharashtra
Pollution
Control
Board
for
best
practices
— Vasundhara
Vilm
Award
2013
for
-­‐
Awareness
Vilm
‘Kachara
Muktnichya
Dishene’
— HUDCO
Awards
for
Best
Practices
to
“
Improve
the
living
Environment
2012-­‐13”
— ICON
SWM
2012
and
2014-­‐
Award
of
Excellence
in
SWM.-­‐By
International
Society
of
waste
management,
Jadhavpur
University.
— NagarRatna
Award
by
JNNURM
in
2010-­‐2011.
— Skoch
-­‐
Digital
Inclusion
Award:-­‐
The
-­‐Benchmark
of
Best
Practices
2013.
§ APTDC
award
2013
–
Runner-­‐up
for
SWaCH
model
and
PMC
best
practices

45. CONCLUSION
Pune
Municipal
Corporation
has
a
head
start
in
MSWM
over
other
ULBs
in
India.
The
ethos
and
working
culture
of
the
MSWM
staff
at
all
levels
is
conducive
to
up-­‐gradation
of
the
existing
treatment
and
disposal
options.
The
2043
horizon
will
require
management
of
about
6000
TPD
waste
with
state
of
the
art
reduction
technologies
for
resource
&
energy
recovery.
Higher
degree
of
mechanization
and
enhanced
monitoring
techniques
will
need
to
be
employed.
Emphasis
will
also
shift
to
full
consumption
of
treated
waste
products
within
the
city
limits.
Emphasis
will
also
be
on
reduction
of
residues
to
go
into
landVill.

46. CONCLUSION
— The
city
has
taken
multi
dimensional
approach
to
overcome
the
challenges
of
urbanization.
— The
solution
lies
in
using
different
technologies
tailor
made
to
solve
the
speciVic
needs
of
the
problems
at
local
level.
— Citizen
and
Governance
have
come
together
and
mutually
agreed
to
execute
solutions.
— Pune-­‐
An
Emerging
ECO-­‐Friendly
City.

47. Thank You for patiently listening…