The document presents a Solid Waste Management Master Plan for Mumbai, India, aiming for a cleaner city by 2023 through increased waste reduction and recovery. It outlines the current waste management challenges, including low service coverage and informal recycling systems, and proposes strategies to enhance waste collection, processing, and public awareness. Key goals include achieving 100% service coverage, improving segregation at source, and incentivizing participation from citizens and stakeholders.

1. Solid Waste Management
Master Plan for Mumbai, India
Vision 2023
BY
PRATIMA PANDEY
&
ARINDAM CHAKRABORTY
JANUARY 11, 2014
Towards completion of
‘Online Course On Solid Waste Management’
UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education

2. Contents of the Presentation
About Mumbai
Current Waste Management Scenario
Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023
Proposed Master Plan - Decoded
Sustainability Assessment
Highlights and Conclusion

3. About Mumbai
Current Waste Management Scenario
Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023
Proposed Master Plan - Decoded
Sustainability Assessment
Highlights and Conclusion

4. Mumbai
Capital of
Maharashtra
state of India;
was called
„Bombay‟ till
November
1995
Mumbai
Metropolitan
Greater
Region (MMR)
Area: 437.71 Sq
Mumbai
- India‟s most
Km; Most
consists of
populous at
dense city in
„Island city‟
18.4 Million the world with
and Suburbs consists of 7
28,000 per
population of
areas including
sq.km c
b
12.4 Million
Greater
Mumbai
Contd.

5. Mumbai
41.3% of total Urban
households live in
„Slums‟ d
Governed by
municipal
corporation called
the Municipal
Corporation of
Greater Mumbai
(MCGM, hereafter)
or Brihanmumbai
Municipal
Corporation (BMC)
Climate –
Moderately hot,
humid almost
throughout the year
Contd.

6. About Mumbai
Current Waste Management Scenario
Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023
Proposed Master Plan - Decoded
Sustainability Assessment
Highlights and Conclusion

7. “ „Maximum city‟…
Minimum Waste Management?”
At source
During
• Low service coverage
• Littering, open burning
• No source segregation
or treatment
• Open and over-burdened
dumpsites (esp. Deonar and
processing Mulund)
• No formal recovery &
recycling
Top to bottom
• Long-term planning not
apparent
• Lack of communication &
transparency between
MCGM and public
• Public Apathy

8. Waste in the City…
“Municipal solid
waste" includes
commercial and
residential wastes
generated in a
municipal or notified
areas in either solid
or semi-solid form
excluding industrial
hazardous wastes
but including treated
bio-medical wastes” f
Chart: Typical Current Waste Composition e
Municipal Solid waste generation: 7000 Tons Per Day (TPD); expected to go upto 10,000
TPD by 2025 c

9. Waste Management in the City…
 Collection
 Beat system of sweeping;
area assigned to a pair of
sweepers g
 Frequency generally
once a day
 83% served by
community bin
collection system and
15% by door to door
collection g
 35,000 personnel
employed and fleet of
800 vehicles h
g
Slum Adoption Scheme g:
• Honorarium to CommunityBased Organizations (CBOs)
to lead slum-cleaning;
authorized to collect small
amounts per household in
lieu of services provided
Advanced Locality Management
(ALM) g –
• Street communities interact
with Ward officers for civic
issues including waste
management

10. Waste Management in the City…
Highlights of Informal Recycling:
•Door-to-door waste collectors, street and dumpsite rag pickers, or the roaming
waste dealers j
•Dharavi slum, one of the largest slums of the world, a „recycling hub‟ k

11. About Mumbai
Current Waste Management Scenario
Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023
Proposed Master Plan - Decoded
Sustainability Assessment
Highlights and Conclusion

12. Master Plan
Vision 2023 for Mumbai City
“A clean city which focuses on both waste
reduction & waste recovery on the strength of
collaboration
between
all
major
primarily citizens & administration…”
stakeholders,

13. Master Plan
Stakeholders
Limitations
MCGM
Low Community
Awareness
Non-satisfactory
record of law
implementation
Private
sector
Public
Land a limiting
resource
Limited finances for
costly technology
Complicated sharing
of finance and land
with neighboring
municipal
corporations
NGOs,
ALMs
Private
collectors
Wastepickers
NGO –Non-governmental Organisation

14. About Mumbai
Current Waste Management Scenario
Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023
Proposed Master Plan - Decoded
Sustainability Assessment
Highlights and Conclusion

15. Master Plan – Waste Collection
 Increase service
coverage to 100% from current 71% A
 Door-to-door collection - Current
11% to 23% to 50% in 5 yr span
 Waste collection in MOST slums
(40% of the city‟s households) be
under coverage
 Public Awareness campaigns
Waste reduction at source
 Use of collection bins
 „Littering is a punishable offence‟
with penalty of $10 from 7th year
onwards
 Increase ‘segregation
at source’ by 20% - to
fulfill source composting (8%) &
recycling targets (12%)
 Provision of segregation bins
 Awareness among
public/Municipal Collection
personnel/waste pickers



Need/ways of remunerable
segregation
Pivotal role played by waste-pickers
 Part-time Employment of rag-
pickers
 Punitive action for non-segregation
of waste from 7th year onwards
For implementation time frame, please see Table 1

16. 100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
100%
75%
71%
60%
53%
50%
23%
11%
2013
100% service coverage
2018
Door to door coverage
2023
Collection bin coverage
Chart 2: Comparison of recommended trends of two modes of service coverage towards goal of
100%

17. Master Plan – Waste Transportation,
Processing and Disposal
 Waste Transportation
 Design transport routes keeping
public convenience in view
 Arrange modernized, parallel set of
vehicles in 5 yr span


Smooth transfer of waste from bins to
trucks
Manual waste handling to be phased
out
 Waste Processing &
Disposal
Sanitary changes to existing
Landfill and urgent diversion of
waste reaching and sitting in the
landfill
Sanitary provisions in KanjurMarg (KM)
landfill (60 Hectare area)
Phase-out other two dumpsites in
scientific way (see Timeframe Table)
Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT)
Plant in 6 Hectare of KM
For implementation time frame, please see Table 1

18. Master Plan - Recycling and Recovery
65% of generated waste is organic
 Composting
(including localized
vermi-composting) &
Anaerobic digestion
(AD)
 Contracts of MCGM with private
sector to supply compost bins at
source; buy compost, biogas,
digestate
20% of generated waste is recyclable
 Formalizing ‘informal’
recycling
 Part-time Employment of rag-
pickers
 special provisions for Dharavi slum
to encourage recycling efforts
 Contracts of MCGM with private
sector to buy recyclables at
market price
For implementation time frame, please see Table 1

19. Implementation Timeframe
Targets
Daily waste generated (TPD)
Service Coverage
Segregation at source (%)
Public Awareness campaign
Collected waste (TPD)
2013
2018
2023
7000
8115
9407
71%
0%
75%
10%
100%
20%
----From 1st to 6th year--5,798
6,412
8,736
On-site composting
0%
14%
25%
AD treatment in Mulund
0%
6%
6%
Recycling from MBT plant
0%
10%
18%
0%
30%
49%
Waste dumped in Landfill
5,798
4,488
4,480
KanjurMarg
2,798
3,488
4,480
Deonar (50% in first 5 years)
2,000
1,000
Closed
Mulund
1,000
Closed
Closed
Waste recovered (%)

20. About Mumbai
Current Waste Management Scenario
Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023
Proposed Master Plan - Decoded
Sustainability Assessment
Highlights and Conclusion

21. Social & Environmental
Sustainability Assessment
Waste Collection Plan
Increasing service coverage to 100% a welcome move for society
Major relief to slum dwellers
Littering penalty generally acceptable to public
Waste tax (1%) to be imposed but incentives to be provided to performers
Awareness and advertising campaigns to increase acceptance
Waste Transportation Plan
Convenience for society and good for environment
Waste Processing and Disposal Plan
Relief to people in vicinity of dumpsites
Lowered air, soil and water pollution
Land saved by provision of waste diversion from landfill
Waste Recycling and Recovery Plan
Reduce Green house gas emissions
Provision of sanitary compost bins to households & contracts to buy compost and
recyclables by MCGM and awareness campaigns to increase acceptance

22. Financial Sustainability Assessment
Cost Heads
2013
2018
2023
Collection & Transportation
49
71
116
Processing & Disposal
18
44
46
Recycling and Recovery Costs
-
5
10
Provision for Dharavi & advertising campaigns
-
12
18
67
132
190
2013
2018
2023
-
12
28
69
0.03
0.034
52
69
93
52
97
174
TOTAL COSTS
Revenue Heads
Waste Collection
Recovery revenues
Waste Tax
Revenues collected through property tax, water
bill etc
TOTAL REVENUES
External benefits not included like reduced expenditure on public health, Air pollution etc
All figures in Million US Dollars

23. Millions
to be bridged
through
financing by
World
bodies,
NGOs,
countries etc
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2013
2018
2023
Axis Title
TOTAL COSTS
TOTAL REVENUES
Chart 3: Comparison of Current and Predicted Costs and Revenues

24. About Mumbai
Current Waste Management Scenario
Proposed Master Plan - Vision 2023
Proposed Master Plan - Decoded
Sustainability Assessment
Highlights and Conclusion

25. What the Plan stands for?
 Waste to be treated as resource
 Public awareness and participation in a big way
 Collaborative functioning of MCGM
 Emphasis on implementation of MSW rules, through
„carrot and stick‟ policy for the stakeholders

26. References (in order of appearance)
Mumbai First (2012a) Workshop on Metropolitan Governance and Planning. Retrieved December
12, 2013, from
http://www.mumbaifirst.org/metropolitan/presentation/Transport_Plan_for_MMR_and_Resourse
_Generation_Plan_under_Mumbai_Transformation.pdf

a

b

c

d

e

f
Census India (2011a) Mumbai (Greater Mumbai) City Census 2011 data. Retrieved December 12,
2013, from http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/365-mumbai.html
MCGM. (2013a). Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from
http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl://c4b79f15e55f98176905a
7c2c7d910ee
Chandramouli, C. (2011). Housing Stocks, Amenities and Assets in Slums - Census 2011. Retrieved
December 12, 2013, from censusindia.gov.in/2011-Documents/On_Slums-2011Final.ppt
Mumbai First. (2012b). Solid Waste Management. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from Mumbai
First: http://www.mumbaifirst.org/metropolitan/presentation/MCGM.pdf
” Ministry of Envrionment and Forests India. (2000). MSW Rules 2000. Retrieved December 12,
2013, from envis.mse.ac.in/lawspdf/SOLID%20WASTE.pdf

27. References
G MCGM. (n.d.(a)). Solid Waste Management. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from
http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/City%20Engi
neer/Deputy%20City%20Engineer%20(Planning%20and%20Design)/City%20Development%20Plan
/Solid%20Waste%20Management.pdf

g

h

i

j

k CNN.

71% service coverage - Combining two sources of information, one indicating a non-collection of 15%
of waste (Ghanekar, 2013); and another arguing that most slums (comprising 40% of city‟s
households (Chandramouli, 2011)) do not come in the formal waste collection system of Municipal
body, we get a figure of 71% service coverage (85%*60%+50%*40%); i.e., 85% of the non-slums and
half of slums.
BCPT. (n.d.). Solid Waste Management in Mumbai. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from
http://www.bcpt.org.in/webadmin/publications/pubimages/solidwaste.pdf
MCGM. (2013b). Functional Elements of SWM in Mumbai. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from
MCGM: http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlcleanover
Mahadevia, D., Pharate, B., & Mistry, A. (2005). New Practices of Waste Management - Case of
Mumbai. Retrieved November 28, 2013, from
http://spcept.ac.in/pdf/New%20Practices%20of%20Waste%20Management%20%20Case%20of%20Mumbai.pdf
(2012). The slums of Mumbai: A model of urban sustainability? Retrieved November 21, 2013,
from CNN:
http://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2012/02/world/interactive.mumbai.slums.sustainability/

28. Thank You for your attention!