The document discusses trends in solid waste management, including circular economy approaches, life cycle thinking, zero waste initiatives, and greater involvement of the informal waste sector, private sector, and community participation. It provides examples of these trends from countries like China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, India, and municipalities like Mumbai. Circular economy laws in China integrate waste reduction, reuse, and recycling into all stages of production and consumption. Life cycle thinking aims to consider full environmental and social impacts over a product or material's lifetime. Market-based instruments like waste levies, deposit-refund systems, and tax exemptions are used to promote recycling and waste processing.

1. Capacity Development Program in
Environment Management (CDEM)
Module 4: Integrated Solid Waste
Management
10th February 2017
K.J.Somaiya College, Mumbai
Trends in Solid Waste Management

2. Asha Panwar
PhD student, IIT Bombay
Environment Engineering and Management
Worked with Eco-restoration Division at NEERI, Nagpur
DoctoralThesis
“Life CycleThinking forWaste-to Resource Management in India”
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3. Trends
 Circular Economy
 Life CycleThinking
 ZeroWaste City
 Inclusion of Informal WasteWorkers
 Participation of Private Sector
 Participation of Community
 Innovative Economic Instruments
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4. Circular Economy
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5. Resource Decoupling
 Resource Productivity
 Kg/ton per increment in GDP
 Material Flow Accounting
 Total Material Requirement (TMR): Imports + Domestic Extraction
 Domestic Material Consumption (DMC)
 Secondary Materials
 Recycling Rates (%)
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Reference: Eurostat, Department of Environment Japan

6. Emission Decoupling
 Air Emissions
 GHG, Ozone Depleting Substances, PM
 Solid and Liquid Waste
 Chemical Release
 Fertilizers, Pesticides,…..
 Land Degradation
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Reference: UN Statistics Division

7. Circular Economy
 Conceptual Guidance
 Economy-wide at National Level
 Cross-sectoral
 Policy
 Institutions
 Technology
 Finances
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8. Circular Economy Promotion Law China
 wef Year 2009
 Resource Efficiency, Environment Protection and Improvement
 Reduction, Reuse, Recycling in Production, Circulation, Consumption
 Department for Circular Economy Development
 State Council
 County Level
 Linkages with Environment Protection Department and others
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9. Circular Economy Law in China
 Inclusion of development of CE in National Economic and Social
Development Plans, Public Finance Department,…
 CE evaluation indicator system, CE Statistics
 Product category subjected to compulsory recycling, Producers
Responsibility, Eco-labels, Standards for Secondary Materials, ……
 Catalogue of encouraged, restricted and eliminated techniques,
equipment, materials and products,………..
 WasteTrading Markets, Sorting-Dismantling Centers, Incentives,……… 9

10. Indian Resource Panel
 wef Year 2015,
 Housed in MoEFCC
 Advisory to Government of India
 Engagement with local businesses, civil society, national and international
organizations
 Construction Sector and Automobile Sector
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Reference: GIZ

11. ZeroWaste
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12. ZeroWaste City
 Zero Disposal
 Zero Bin
 Recycle: Residence Time of Waste
 Zero Waste Industry, Zero Waste Community
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Reference: ZeroWaste Associations,Ahmedabad ZeroWasteVision + Roadmap

13. BiomassTowns in Japan
 Supported by Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries
 Biomass utilization for compost, fuel, energy,…
 Replication in East Asian Countries
 Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia,……
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Reference: ZeroWaste Associations,Ahmedabad ZeroWasteVision + Roadmap

14. Life CycleThinking
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15. Life CycleThinking
 Challenges selection of system boundaries based on techno-economic
criteria
 Boundaries that corresponds to Social and Environmental Impacts
 Shifting of Burdens
 Life Cycle Assessment
 Design for Environment, Ecolables, Product Declarations,….
 Waste Hierarchy
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16. Life CycleThinking
 Key criteria
 SCP and CE
 Zero Waste and 3R
 European Waste Directive
 Software, Decision Support System
16Reference: Life Cycle Initiative, J-LCA

17. Innovative Economic Instruments
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18. Market based Instruments
 Waste Levy
 Deposit Refund
 Taxes
 Subsidies
 Tradable Permits
 Municipal Bonds, ………
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19. Market based Instruments
 Waste Levy
 Deposit Refund
 Taxes
 Subsidies
 Green Bonds
 IFIs, Carbon Emission Trading, ………
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20. Deposit Refund Scheme in Korea
 Glass bottles used for beer, soft drinks
 Refillable
 Consumer pays additional 2c-26c depending on the size of container
 Refunds at the time of giving back the container to designated
collection stations
 5.5 billion bottles sold annually, 95% recovered, 85% reused
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21. Tax Exemptions in Malaysia
 Waste Eco Parks
 Income tax exemption of 70% on statutory income
 Rental of buildings located in WEP
 100% exemption on income for 5-year
 Operating in WEP
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22. Inclusion of Informal Sector
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23. PRISM Project Nepal
 Project Duration June 11-May14
 Budget: 1.64 Million USD (by EU’s Investing in People Program)
 CIUD, SWMRMC, NRRGEA (Nepal) + UN-Habitat
 4000 IWWs (35% women) in 5 Municipalities
 Training on Value Addition, Basic PPEs, Social Protection Schemes
 Formal recognition of 2000 IWWs by Municipalities
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Reference: Chintan, SMS, GIZ Study

24. Private Sector Participation
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25. Promoting Entrepreneurship
 Government of Rajasthan Waste Management Startup Policy
 Support in ideation, pilot and execution stages
 ADB + Idea Space: Startup Café in Philippines
 5 day event
 Exhibits, panel debates, tech talks, workshops
 Investors , policy makers, researchers
 ABD- $6billion annual climate financing target
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26. Community Participation
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27. Advance Locality Management Mumbai
 Voluntary Citizen Committees registered with ward office
 Partners with MCGM
 Committee (~658)
 Create Awareness
 Prevent Public Nuisance
 Organize Waste Pickers
 Processing of Dry Waste
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28. Advance Locality Management Mumbai
 MCGM
 Regular Meetings and Consultations
 Provide technical know-how on waste processing
 Incentives and Awards
 Acknowledged by WB, UNEP,….
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29. Discussion
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