This document presents research on the impacts of climate change and variability on water resources in the Nyabugogo swamp in Rwanda. Trend analysis found a significant increase in temperatures and evaporation but a decrease in rainfall. There was also a strong correlation between temperature and evaporation. The variable and increasing climate is affecting water levels in the swamp and causing more frequent flooding. The researcher concludes holistic management is needed to address challenges from climate change and calls for more monitoring, data collection, and reconsideration of infrastructure design under changing conditions.
Nepal does not have own climate projection model. Therefore, climate change studies in Nepal completely depend on the results of available model throughout the world. Many field based studies have proven that Nepal is the most vulnerable country in the context of climate change due to limited capacity to adapt to it. On the other hand, it is a big challenge to natural scientists to demonstrate climate change physically because of limited resources. Due to the complex geography of Nepal, most of the global climate projections are not able to capture the temporal and spatial climatic variability. In consideration to this problem, the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) of Nepal has initiated a project to downscale climatic parameters regionally with technical support from the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) under the financial support of Asian Development Bank (ADB). They used three different Regional Climate Models (RCM); PRECIS, RegCM4, and WRF under AR4 scenarios. However, there is still a lot of discrepancy among these projections which have created confusion among the stakeholders. Therefore, the objective of my presentation will be to focus on the discussion over these issues among the climate experts at UNBC.
Objectives:
- Determine how soil moisture and nutrients regulate microbial C-use efficiency (CUE)
- Develop mathematical functions that can be incorporated into earth system models
- Improve our ability to predict the impact of climate change on soil C-sequestration in agricultural systems
Nepal does not have own climate projection model. Therefore, climate change studies in Nepal completely depend on the results of available model throughout the world. Many field based studies have proven that Nepal is the most vulnerable country in the context of climate change due to limited capacity to adapt to it. On the other hand, it is a big challenge to natural scientists to demonstrate climate change physically because of limited resources. Due to the complex geography of Nepal, most of the global climate projections are not able to capture the temporal and spatial climatic variability. In consideration to this problem, the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) of Nepal has initiated a project to downscale climatic parameters regionally with technical support from the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) under the financial support of Asian Development Bank (ADB). They used three different Regional Climate Models (RCM); PRECIS, RegCM4, and WRF under AR4 scenarios. However, there is still a lot of discrepancy among these projections which have created confusion among the stakeholders. Therefore, the objective of my presentation will be to focus on the discussion over these issues among the climate experts at UNBC.
Objectives:
- Determine how soil moisture and nutrients regulate microbial C-use efficiency (CUE)
- Develop mathematical functions that can be incorporated into earth system models
- Improve our ability to predict the impact of climate change on soil C-sequestration in agricultural systems
Global warming &climate changesGlobal temperature measurements remote from human habitation and activity show no evidence of a warming during the last century. Such sites include “proxy” measurements such as tree rings, marine sediments and ice cores, weather balloons and satellite measurements in the lower atmosphere, and many surface sites where human influence is minimal.
Evaluation of Maximum and Total Open Surface Evaporation by Using Trend Analy...Premier Publishers
This study was carried out Center of Nigde Province in Turkey. Trend analysis was performed on monthly total and maximum open surface evaporation data. In the study, a total of 42 years of data between 1978-2019 was used monthly. The data of the climate station in the center of Niğde province were used in the research. For many years, the maximum and total open surface evaporation data were applied to Mann-Kendall, Sperman’s Rho correlation tests and Sen's slope method. According to the research results; for many years, the total monthly open surface evaporation averages were 215,1 mm in June, 272,2 mm in July and 259,5 mm in August. For many years, the total evaporation in the summer months was recorded as 746,8 mm and the average evaporation as 248,9 mm. Maximum of the total open surface evaporation for many years in Niğde Center was calculated as 10,5 mm in June, 11,5 mm in July and 10,7 mm in August. The average of the total monthly open surface evaporation observed in the summer months is 10,9 mm. According to the trend analysis results made in Niğde Center, it has been observed that there is an increasingly significant trend in the monthly total and maximum open surface evaporation data for many years.
Impact of Future Climate Change on water availability in Kupang CityWillem Sidharno
Observed climate change could affect water availability in the future. Changes also
occurred Kupang city in recent decades, an increase in the magnitude of the damage caused
by drought due to climate change. In an attempt to explore the effects of drought can be
aggravated by climate change. in this paper, the author will be analyze impact of changes in
the water balance in Kupang city. To achieve that, the author will use the procedure consists
of two procedures: Temperature and precipitation are modeled under two typical emission
A1FI and B1 scenarios evaluated in this study for future projections in Kupang, discharge
simulations using rainfall Mock generated daily rainfall and water balance monthly Data
analysis WEAP (water Evaluation and Planning System) based simulation Mock. Due to the
significant uncertainty involved in forecasting future water consumption and water yield, the
author will use the three scenarios assumed water consumption and water three outcome
scenarios. Three scenarios of water consumption, ie, "Low", "Medium" and "High" in
accordance with the expected number of water consumption. Disposal obtained from mock
simulations during the simulation period. Finally, the water balance analysis conducted by
WEAP based on a combination of the three scenarios of water consumption. With this
procedure, it is possible to explore different scenarios of water consumption and water
results and the results of this study can be used to establish the proper planning to minimize
the impact of drought on water availability to support water requirement due to climate
change in Kupang city.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Global warming &climate changesGlobal temperature measurements remote from human habitation and activity show no evidence of a warming during the last century. Such sites include “proxy” measurements such as tree rings, marine sediments and ice cores, weather balloons and satellite measurements in the lower atmosphere, and many surface sites where human influence is minimal.
Evaluation of Maximum and Total Open Surface Evaporation by Using Trend Analy...Premier Publishers
This study was carried out Center of Nigde Province in Turkey. Trend analysis was performed on monthly total and maximum open surface evaporation data. In the study, a total of 42 years of data between 1978-2019 was used monthly. The data of the climate station in the center of Niğde province were used in the research. For many years, the maximum and total open surface evaporation data were applied to Mann-Kendall, Sperman’s Rho correlation tests and Sen's slope method. According to the research results; for many years, the total monthly open surface evaporation averages were 215,1 mm in June, 272,2 mm in July and 259,5 mm in August. For many years, the total evaporation in the summer months was recorded as 746,8 mm and the average evaporation as 248,9 mm. Maximum of the total open surface evaporation for many years in Niğde Center was calculated as 10,5 mm in June, 11,5 mm in July and 10,7 mm in August. The average of the total monthly open surface evaporation observed in the summer months is 10,9 mm. According to the trend analysis results made in Niğde Center, it has been observed that there is an increasingly significant trend in the monthly total and maximum open surface evaporation data for many years.
Impact of Future Climate Change on water availability in Kupang CityWillem Sidharno
Observed climate change could affect water availability in the future. Changes also
occurred Kupang city in recent decades, an increase in the magnitude of the damage caused
by drought due to climate change. In an attempt to explore the effects of drought can be
aggravated by climate change. in this paper, the author will be analyze impact of changes in
the water balance in Kupang city. To achieve that, the author will use the procedure consists
of two procedures: Temperature and precipitation are modeled under two typical emission
A1FI and B1 scenarios evaluated in this study for future projections in Kupang, discharge
simulations using rainfall Mock generated daily rainfall and water balance monthly Data
analysis WEAP (water Evaluation and Planning System) based simulation Mock. Due to the
significant uncertainty involved in forecasting future water consumption and water yield, the
author will use the three scenarios assumed water consumption and water three outcome
scenarios. Three scenarios of water consumption, ie, "Low", "Medium" and "High" in
accordance with the expected number of water consumption. Disposal obtained from mock
simulations during the simulation period. Finally, the water balance analysis conducted by
WEAP based on a combination of the three scenarios of water consumption. With this
procedure, it is possible to explore different scenarios of water consumption and water
results and the results of this study can be used to establish the proper planning to minimize
the impact of drought on water availability to support water requirement due to climate
change in Kupang city.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This presentation was made at a training workshop on Integrated Potato Crop Management organized by the International Potato Center (CIP) for Innovation Platform (IP) members of Kadahenda, Rwanda.
Watershed/Landscape Management for Multiple Benefits and Climate Resilience ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Learn how watershed and landscape management can be made climate resilient and be designed for multiple benefits. This presentation by Sally Bunning, Senior Land/Soils officer of the FAO Land and Water Division focuses on the principles of integrated watershed management, experiences, strategy and lessons learned based on the experiences from East Africa.
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Introducing climate change in river basin managementLia Romano
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POSTER
ABSTRACT
Within an increasing sensibility of international scientific community and public opinion about the issue, the recent European Directives in water policy, the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC and the Floods Directive 2007/60/EC - that provide legal instruments for protecting and restoring the water environment, as well as for reducing risks to human health, cultural heritage and economic activity - require the States Member to take into account the eventual trend induced by climate change, from which major changes in yearly and seasonal precipitation and water flow, flooding, coastal erosion and water quality arise.
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It follows that an important role of water managers would be to adopt plans to climate change impacts, individuating methodologies for evaluation of climate variability scenarios in the basins management, both for water scarcity management and for flood risk management in order to apply efficiently long term measures.
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Climate change consideration in hydro‐power development in the nepal himalaya...Jagat K. Bhusal
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One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
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and write to us if you have any questions:
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"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
Presentation by Dr Omar Munyaneza
1. “ESTIMATION OF CC AND VARIABILITY IMPACTS AND
MITIGATION MEASURES ON WATER RESOURCES IN
THE NYABUGOGO SWAMP IN RWANDA”
By
Eng. Omar MUNYANEZA, PhD
omarmunyaneza1@gmail.com/ +250 788560783
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
CST/University of Rwanda
24th March 2016
IPAR 5th ANNUAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE
2. Presentation outline
• Introduction
• Study Area Description
• Objectives
• Research Methodology
• Results and Discussions
• Conclusion and Recommendations
3. Introduction
Water is a finite resource vital for sustaining life on
earth;
While water is a cross-cutting resource;
The entire food production chain depends on water;
Water resources support economic growth through,
industrial processing, energy, transportation, agriculture
and tourism;
Water resources are under pressure from population
growth and rapid economic development in Rwanda;
However, water resources is directly linked to the
climate which is highly variable;
4. Introduction (Cont’d)
The climate variability have a great impact on
sustainable WRM in the world;
Water resources in the Nyabugogo catchment
is seriously affected by the climate
variability;
Consequently, nowadays the Nyabugogo
swamp is being flooded due to the global
phenomena and intensive human activities;
This increases the danger of sudden
flooding of rivers in a catchment.
5. Example of recent flood case due
probably to Climate Change
The recent floods occurred in Feb 2013
affected Nyabugogo wetland and caused
loss of properties, loss of 4 human lives
through a car which was drawn by the
water, and
Disruption of socio-economic activities,
through the business in the area and other
issues related to transport facilities.
9. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
To investigate the recent trends and
variability of climatic data and
streamflow trend in the Nyabugogo
catchment, and
To propose possible mitigation with the
goal of estimating the impact caused by
this trend on water resources in the
Nyabugogo swamp (220 ha).
10. Methodology
Trends analysis of data set of daily maximum,
minimum temperatures, rainfall and evaporation
of Kigali airport station (1981-2012) from
Rwanda Meteorology Agency (RMA).
And Nyabugogo River Discharge data
collected from Rwanda Natural Resources
Authority (RNRA).
11. Methodology (Cont’d)
In this study, the Mann Kendal (MK) non-
parametric trend test has been performed
using XLSTAT to detect trends;
The time series from each parameter was also
subjected to the Pettitt Test (Pettitt, 1979) to
detect abrupt changes in hydrological series;
In addition, SPSS software was used to assess
a non-parametric correlation between climate
variables.
13. Correlation between climate variables
The Kendall’s tau_b and Spearman rank test
were used to determine the correlation coefficient;
It helps us to know the magnitude of the
correlation between climatic variables;
The Spearman rank test, is a simple measure of
correlation between 2 data series and is a special
case of the Pearson product-moment coefficient
(Myers and Well, 2003).
Methodology (End)
15. Discussion on temperature trends Results
The Kigali Airport station shows a slight decrease, then
a significant increase in trend in the period 1987-
1994;
Though, most of the part of the period 1991-2012
corresponds to a significant increase in To trends;
The observed warming was supported by Collins
(2011) who demonstrated that significant increasing
temperature trends were found on average all over the
African continent.
Pettitt tests revealed that abrupt change points was
observed in the years 1985, 1987,1989, 1993,1998,
2001, 2008 and 2009.
17. Discussions on rainfall trends results
The results of the Mann-Kendall for rainfall shows
that there is in general a significant decrease in
rainfall.
Pettitt tests for rainfall revealed that abrupt
change points was observed in the years 1981, 1998,
2008 and 2010.
Nevertheless, Nyabugogo wetland has been prone to
heavy floods and this may be explained by
increase in urbanization which results in increase
of impermeable areas.
19. Discussions on evaporation trends results
The results showed that there is a significant
increase trend in evaporation in the Nyabugogo
catchment,
The increasing temperature results in an increase in
potential evaporation largely because water holding
capacity of the air is increased,
Pettitt tests for evaporation revealed that abrupt
change points in the years 1991, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2008
and 2009, 2010.
20. Mann-Kendall trends results for discharge
The trend analysis of the mean annual discharge
of the Nyabugogo river was performed using Mann-
Kendall test statistic;
Due to the large data gap discharge data, it was
difficult to analyze and draw a conclusion;
The % value of missing streamflow data is
greater than 50% (1984 to 1994 and 2001 to2009),
thus we cannot rely on the results of such a poor
data;
Long records of runoff are essential to determine
whether runoff of a river is changing over time.
22. Correlation between climate variables
Streamflow was slightly correlated with the
total rainfall;
Positive relationship between rainfall and
streamflow was observed;
The significance test (2-tailed) was performed at
10% and the higher significance was found to be
between temperature and rainfall (0.435).
In fact, rainfall and temperature are physically
related through the dependence of atmospheric
moisture on temperature.
23. Facts impact of climate variability and/or change
on water resources in the Nyabugogo swamp
24. Facts impact of climate variability and/or change on
water resources in the Nyabugogo swamp
25. Facts impact of climate variability and/or change
on water resources in the Nyabugogo swamp
26. Summary of climate variability impact on water
resources in the Nyabugogo swamp
27. Conclusions
A strong correlation between temperature and
evaporation was detected; but the correlation
between rainfall and discharge was found to be
weak;
The results showed a significant decrease in rainfall;
The analysis of discharge data did not show
significant results due to a large gap observed in it.
Holistic approach need to be implemented to address
the challenges related to climate variability and change
by applying integrated methods for a good
sustainable water resources management in the
Nyabugogo catchment.
28. Recommendations
More research on how the severity of storms and
other extreme hydrologic events might change is
necessary.
Increased and widespread hydrologic monitoring
systems are needed
A regular data record should be given a careful
attention for future research by installing enough
equipment with continuous data collection in the
catchment.
There should be a systematic reexamination of
engineering design criteria and operating rules
of existing dams and reservoirs under conditions
of climate change.