OECD productivity and jobs in a globalised worldJeanette Duboys
Presentation made at the Workshop of the Commission for Economic Policy on International trade and globalisation – Implications for regional growth, employment and industrial renewal in Brussels, Belgium on 22 January 2018, by Alexander Lembcke, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities.
OECD productivity and jobs in a globalised worldJeanette Duboys
Presentation made at the Workshop of the Commission for Economic Policy on International trade and globalisation – Implications for regional growth, employment and industrial renewal in Brussels, Belgium on 22 January 2018, by Alexander Lembcke, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities.
Economic Growth and Development in Ethiopiatutor2u
This is a revision presentation on aspects of growth and development in the fast-growing country of Ethiopia. There are many ways in which the Ethiopian economy can be applied to different areas of the A level economics course.
Vietnam is a fast-growing lower middle income country that has received considerable inward investment in recent years. This revision webinar for A-level Economics looks at the contextual evidence on Vietnam and compares and contrasts their current growth with China. It analyses some of the key growth drivers and evaluates barriers to growth including environmental challenges and vulnerability to external economic shocks.
Economic Transformation in Africa: Patterns, Drivers, and Implications for Future Growth Strategies
Ousmane Badiane, Director for Africa, IFPRI, USA
2015 ReSKASS Annual Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Sept. 1-3
Harnessing Science and Technology: Reviving the Philippine Manufacturing SectorNEDAhq
Keynote address of Socioeconomic Planning Secretary and NEDA Director-General Arsenio M. Balisacan during the 35th Annual Scientific Meeting of the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Manila Hotel,10 July 2013
The annual Global Employment Trends (GET) report 2014 provide the latest global and regional estimates of employment and unemployment, employment by sector, vulnerable employment, labour productivity and working poverty. The report also analyse country-level issues and project trends in the labour market up to 2018.
Peru: A regional apparoach to territorial developmentOECDregions
Presentation on the OECD Territorial Review of Peru
More information: http://www.oecd.org/publications/oecd-territorial-reviews-peru-2016-9789264262904-en.htm
This presentation covers some aspects of topical issues in trade and economic development. Designed for A2 economics students - links to some Financial Times videos with special reference to the work of Hidalgo and Hausmann and their index of economic complexity
Economic Growth and Development in Ethiopiatutor2u
This is a revision presentation on aspects of growth and development in the fast-growing country of Ethiopia. There are many ways in which the Ethiopian economy can be applied to different areas of the A level economics course.
Vietnam is a fast-growing lower middle income country that has received considerable inward investment in recent years. This revision webinar for A-level Economics looks at the contextual evidence on Vietnam and compares and contrasts their current growth with China. It analyses some of the key growth drivers and evaluates barriers to growth including environmental challenges and vulnerability to external economic shocks.
Economic Transformation in Africa: Patterns, Drivers, and Implications for Future Growth Strategies
Ousmane Badiane, Director for Africa, IFPRI, USA
2015 ReSKASS Annual Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Sept. 1-3
Harnessing Science and Technology: Reviving the Philippine Manufacturing SectorNEDAhq
Keynote address of Socioeconomic Planning Secretary and NEDA Director-General Arsenio M. Balisacan during the 35th Annual Scientific Meeting of the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Manila Hotel,10 July 2013
The annual Global Employment Trends (GET) report 2014 provide the latest global and regional estimates of employment and unemployment, employment by sector, vulnerable employment, labour productivity and working poverty. The report also analyse country-level issues and project trends in the labour market up to 2018.
Peru: A regional apparoach to territorial developmentOECDregions
Presentation on the OECD Territorial Review of Peru
More information: http://www.oecd.org/publications/oecd-territorial-reviews-peru-2016-9789264262904-en.htm
This presentation covers some aspects of topical issues in trade and economic development. Designed for A2 economics students - links to some Financial Times videos with special reference to the work of Hidalgo and Hausmann and their index of economic complexity
Least Developed Countries Report 2014 by UNCTAD United Nations
Presentation by David Woodward, Senior Adviser at UNCTAD. For the Release of the Least Developed Countries 2014 Report, on 27 November.
In its most recent flagship report, UNCTAD is proposing a post-2015 development agenda for the least developed countries (LDCs) to help them overcome current shortcomings in policy and the international economic system. Success, the report says, will depend on transforming their economies to complete a virtuous circle of economic and human development.
UNCTAD's Least Developed Countries Report 2014 – subtitled "Growth with Structural Transformation: a Post-2015 Development Agenda" – says that the international community must learn from the "LDC paradox" in which the poorest countries failed to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) despite strong economic growth, and outlines a plan for the 48 LDCs based on this finding. The report highlights three key policy priorities as part of a post-2015 development agenda for LDCs: mobilizing resources for investment in such a way as to maximize their development impact; directing these resources towards economic activities which will contribute decisively to economic transformation; and establishing macroeconomic policies which promote investment and demand growth rather than inhibiting them. Diversifying rural economies will also be a key element of the transformation.
Launch OECD report on Productivity and jobs in a globalised worldOECDregions
The launch event for the OECD report Productivity and Jobs in a Globalised World: (How) Can All Regions Benefit? was hosted by the European Committee of the Regions and the European Commission’s Directorate‑General for Regional and Urban Policy. The official launch and press briefing took place in the morning, followed by an in‑depth presentation of the report in the afternoon. The World Bank discussed the report and presented findings from the World Bank report Rethinking Lagging Regions in the EU: evidence-based principles for future Cohesion Policy.
http://www.oecd.org/publications/productivity-and-jobs-in-a-globalised-world-9789264293137-en.htm
Harnessing the market first draft 14 06 16 corrAdul Ochieng
Agricultural sector development Support programme (ASDSP) transforming Kenya Agricultural sector through support to environmentally resilient and socially inclusive value chain development
MSME Sector - Growth, Challenges & Opportunities Resurgent India
The MSME sector contributes in a significant way to the growth of the Indian economy across the realms of production system, employment generation, national output, exports etc. The MSME Sector comprises of approximately 48 million units that produce more than 6,000 products ranging from traditional to high-tech items. The sector is driving sustainable growth in Indian economy by providing employment to around 111 million people, accounts for 45% of the manufacturing output, 40% of the country's exports and contributes 8-9% to the country's GDP.
The strategy of structural reforms in Uzbekistan is prepared to enhance the effectiveness of development efforts towards supporting the Republic of Uzbekistan in its aspirations to become an idustrialized upper middle-income country by the year 2030 through policy dialogue and development of a long-term strategy.
Presentation by Somik Lall of the World Bank made at the OECD Regional Development Policy Committee Symposium: Place-based policies: rationale, implementation and policy evaluation, held on 29 October 2020.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/regional/
These are slides from an economics revision webinar on aspects of the Indian economy.
Population: 1.3 billion; Urbanization: 33%
Life expectancy: 68 years (average)
HDI ranking 131st/188
Per capita GNI (PPP) $5,663
% living on less than $1.90 a day (PPP) 21%
% of population under-nourished: 15%
Remittance inflow (net) +3.3% of GDP
Gini coefficient: 0.35
Palma Ratio: 1.5
Successful diversification into manufacturing
Globally competitive in many service industries
3. What is economic transformation?
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• Moving from lower productivity to higher productivity
sectors
• Diversification of production and exports
• It is about the flexibility of your markets – labour market
(skills, wages); product market (more well-off households
for domestic demand, regional integration for external
demand); financial markets (investment, private sector
credit)
• When looked at in combination with inclusive growth, it is
ultimately about the most important units of the
economy, the workers/citizens….
4. Economic Transformation is already happening: more
services in structure of GDP
Agriculture,
33%
Industry,
15%
Services,
47%
Taxes less
subsidies on
products, 5%
Agriculture,
39%
Industry,
12%
Services,
43%
Taxes less
subsidies
on
products,
6%
2006
2013
Services will
account for
over half of all
economic
activity in the
medium term
5. Rwanda’s experience
4
2006 2011 % change
Real GDP (RWF billion) 2,614 3,846 47
Total number employed 4,300,000 4,961,000 15
Output per worker (RWF) 607,907 775,247 28
Annual earnings per worker
(median, 2001 prices, RWF) 60,214.00 97,592.80 62
Source: NISR National Accounts, EIVC surveys
Real output and productivity increases as workers transferred into services
from agriculture
Earnings rose substantially (but still very low)
Note all service sub-sectors experienced productivity growth over this period (with
exception of highly labour intensive/low skill hospitality sector)
A warning signal: productivity declined in manufacturing…
6. Accelerating Economic Transformation
Private Sector Development and Export Promotion:
• Greater investment certainty;
• Lower cost of doing business – Strategic investments in
Infrastructure;
• Larger markets/ shared prosperity - Regional Integration;
• Increased planned urbanization – Secondary cities as
poles of growth;
• Exports strategic bets – anchor projects.
7. Concept of Inclusive Growth (IG)
Inclusive growth (CAFOD 2014) considers:
Reduced Poverty and Inequality;
More than income – Human development
Participation – Focus on productive
employment rather than on income
redistribution
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8. Growth has increased and poverty has reduced
over the last decade
7
40% 36%
24%
9%
60% 57%
45%
30%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
2000 2006 2011 2018
%headcount
Evolution of Poverty Reduction (2000 - 2011)
Extreme Poverty Poverty
9. Inequality declined in most provinces
8
Kigali
Souther
n Western
Norther
n Eastern
Change between 2006 and
2011 -1.6% -11.7% -15.6% 7.6% -8.1%
10. Supported by increased uptake of non-farm
activities
9
EICV1, 2001 EICV2, 2006 EICV3, 2011
Wage farm 4% 8% 10%
Wage non-farm 7% 11% 17%
Independent non-farm 4% 8% 10%
Independent farmer 85% 71% 62%
Unpaid non-farm 0% 2% 2%
Farm own Farm wage
Non-farm
own
Non-farm
wage
Other
Change between
2006 and 2011 (%)
-12.7 4.5 2.5 7.9 -2.2
11. Factors Driving Poverty Reduction
Contribution of the Various Factors to Poverty Reduction between 2001 and 2011, percent
Source: World Bank Country Team analysis, 2014
Increased
Agricultural
Production
35%
Increased
Agricultural
Commercialization
10%Decreased
Dependency Ratio
9%
Non-Farm Self
Employment
13%
Non-Farm Wage
Employment
3%
Other Factors and
Unexplained Part
30%
13. Deepening Inclusiveness of growth
Inclusive growth – Productivity and Job Creation:
•Increased agriculture productivity and
commercialisation;
•National Employment Program (Skills Development,
Business Development - linking SMEs to large firms,
interventions on Labour market);
•Access to rural infrastructure
•Health and population programs
14. Risks to inclusive growth and economic transformation
13
Young population in an
economy that cannot
create jobs
Cost competitiveness –
hurts business and hurts
consumers/households
15. What is the meaning of changing trend over
years??
14
60.4 57.0
44.9
8.4 8.5
13.2
2.2
7.5 9.4
9.2
7.6
11.2
6.3
7.3
7.9
8.8
4.7
7.1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014Q1-…
Percent
Percent
Population below poverty line (left axis)
Real GDP growth (right axis)
16. Tentative conclusion
Researchers need to scale up their examination of the
drivers and implications of economic transformation and
productivity change in low-income countries, e.g. what
are the direct and indirect links with development and
poverty; what is holding back or promoting
transformation and inclusiveness in LICs;
Post-2015 goals need to consider economic
transformation more seriously So far, a range of sub-
goals in relation to economic development have been
developed (jobs, infrastructure etc.), but are these seen
in overall context of economic transformation?
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17. Still wondering…
Are proposed policies the right ones to accelerate
economic transformation and deepen inclusive growth?
Economic transformation takes time but we want
inclusive growth today
How to make stronger the link between economic
transformation and inclusive growth – make them both
happen faster
Truth is :I could go on with questions…….Let me stop
here and Thank you
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