1) National agricultural production contributed significantly to household food security in Rwanda between 1980-2010, as agricultural exports and production were found to have long-run positive relationships with food security. 2) Livelihood options were also found to contribute to household food security in 2014, with variables like non-farm income, use of fertilizers, and participation in livelihood activities being significantly associated with improved food security. 3) The study concluded that while agriculture remains important, livelihood options will play a greater role in ensuring food security for future generations in Rwanda.