This document summarizes research on drivers of on-farm tree diversity in Rwanda and its impacts on climate resilience. 145 farmers were interviewed across two districts. Regression analyses found that location, food security level, training, livestock ownership, and income sources significantly impacted tree diversity. Farmers with more than one income source and those relying on farm products had the highest diversity, with over 6 species on average. The study concludes more training, diversified income sources through agroforestry, and specialized tree value chains could further increase on-farm tree diversity in Rwanda.