This presentation is brief introduction to the transient disturbances(how they occur and reason behind that) and its classification(Oscillatory and Impulsive).
Introduction
Definition of FACTS system
Necessity of facts devices
Shunt connected controllers
Types of facts controllers
Shunt connected controllers
Benefits of FACTS
The concept of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) refers to a family of power electronics based devices able to enhance AC system controllability and stability and to increase power transfer capability.
The design of the different schemes and configurations of FACTS devices is based on the combination of traditional power system components (such as transformers, reactors, switches, and capacitors) with power electronics elements (such as various types of transistors and thyristors).
Today, nearly every piece of electrical equipment generates harmonic currents and voltages. This Application Note gives a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the subject. It explains why harmonic problems have been increasing over recent years, how they are generated, and by which type of equipment. It presents an overview of the various problems harmonic currents can create. Most of them are either related to different kinds of overloading – leading to problems of efficiency loss and overheating – or to disturbances of control and safety devices.
This Application Note also presents a brief overview of the available solutions. The four main mitigation solutions are passive shunt filters, passive series filters, isolation transformers, and active harmonic conditioners. The Application Note concludes that good design practice, the right electrical equipment, and good maintenance are the keys to preventing future problems.
Torque Production & Control of Speed in Synchronous Motor.
Speed of synchronous motors can be controlled using two methods called open loop and close loop control.
Open loop contol is the simplest scalar control method where motor speed is controlled by independent frequency control of the converter.
In case of close loop self control mode, instead of controlling the inverter frequency independentaly, the frequency and the phase of the output waveform are controlled by an absolute position encoder mounted on the machine shaft giving an account of position of the rotor.
Introduction
Definition of FACTS system
Necessity of facts devices
Shunt connected controllers
Types of facts controllers
Shunt connected controllers
Benefits of FACTS
The concept of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) refers to a family of power electronics based devices able to enhance AC system controllability and stability and to increase power transfer capability.
The design of the different schemes and configurations of FACTS devices is based on the combination of traditional power system components (such as transformers, reactors, switches, and capacitors) with power electronics elements (such as various types of transistors and thyristors).
Today, nearly every piece of electrical equipment generates harmonic currents and voltages. This Application Note gives a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the subject. It explains why harmonic problems have been increasing over recent years, how they are generated, and by which type of equipment. It presents an overview of the various problems harmonic currents can create. Most of them are either related to different kinds of overloading – leading to problems of efficiency loss and overheating – or to disturbances of control and safety devices.
This Application Note also presents a brief overview of the available solutions. The four main mitigation solutions are passive shunt filters, passive series filters, isolation transformers, and active harmonic conditioners. The Application Note concludes that good design practice, the right electrical equipment, and good maintenance are the keys to preventing future problems.
Torque Production & Control of Speed in Synchronous Motor.
Speed of synchronous motors can be controlled using two methods called open loop and close loop control.
Open loop contol is the simplest scalar control method where motor speed is controlled by independent frequency control of the converter.
In case of close loop self control mode, instead of controlling the inverter frequency independentaly, the frequency and the phase of the output waveform are controlled by an absolute position encoder mounted on the machine shaft giving an account of position of the rotor.
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical powerDr.Raja R
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical power
Reactive power in transmission line :
Reactive power control
Reactive power and its importance
Apparent Power
Reactive Power
Apparent Power
Reactive Power Formula
Functions and Performance Requirements
Elements of an Excitation System
Types of Excitation Systems
Control and Protection Functions
Modeling of Excitation Systems
The functions of an excitation system are
to provide direct current to the synchronous generator field winding, and
to perform control and protective functions essential to the satisfactory operation of the power system
The performance requirements of the excitation system are determined by
Generator considerations:
supply and adjust field current as the generator output varies within its continuous capability
respond to transient disturbances with field forcing consistent with the generator short term capabilities:
rotor insulation failure due to high field voltage
rotor heating due to high field current
stator heating due to high VAR loading
heating due to excess flux (volts/Hz)
Power system considerations:
contribute to effective control of system voltage and improvement of system stability
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical powerDr.Raja R
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical power
Reactive power in transmission line :
Reactive power control
Reactive power and its importance
Apparent Power
Reactive Power
Apparent Power
Reactive Power Formula
Functions and Performance Requirements
Elements of an Excitation System
Types of Excitation Systems
Control and Protection Functions
Modeling of Excitation Systems
The functions of an excitation system are
to provide direct current to the synchronous generator field winding, and
to perform control and protective functions essential to the satisfactory operation of the power system
The performance requirements of the excitation system are determined by
Generator considerations:
supply and adjust field current as the generator output varies within its continuous capability
respond to transient disturbances with field forcing consistent with the generator short term capabilities:
rotor insulation failure due to high field voltage
rotor heating due to high field current
stator heating due to high VAR loading
heating due to excess flux (volts/Hz)
Power system considerations:
contribute to effective control of system voltage and improvement of system stability
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between p...vishalgohel12195
Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between power and communication lines
Introduction
Disadvantages of corona.
Radio interference.
Inductive interference between power and communication lines
This gives you brief description to electrical power quality problems such as Ttransients, short and long duration voltage variation, voltage unbalance, waveform distortion,voltage fluctuations and power frequency variations.
Unit-III
Electrical Transients: Sources of Transient Over voltages- Atmospheric and switching transients- motor starting transients, pf correction capacitor switching transients, ups switching transients, neutral voltage swing etc; devices for over voltage protection
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Introduction to Transient Disturbances of power system and its types
1. What is Transient Disturbance
The term “transient” usually originates from electric circuit
theory where it describes voltage and current variation
from its present steady state to next steady state.
In the power system, the term transient is usually used in a
different way. It denotes abrupt change in voltage and
current for short duration.
Usually for duration less than the period of power system
voltage and current signal(50-60 Hz).
2. Why it is considered(Effects)
Previously it was considered that transient disturbances are
only because of incorrect operation of circuit breakers and
switching of high voltage lines.
Electronic equipment have very less voltage handling
capabilities.
Temporal fluctuation produces parity error and interrupts
protection system
3. Causes of Transient disturbance
Switching operation,faults, and other disturbances like
lightning.
Shutdown of heavily loaded circuits.
Necessary commutation of a high-powered network (e.g.
Pf correction).
4. Categorization(waveform shape)causes
Oscillatory
Impulsive
Oscillatory
Transients which shows damped oscillation with frequency
ranging from few kHz to several MHz resulting in
overshoot in respective voltage and current from its
expected values.
6. Cont..
Line Energizing: Energizing of transmission line is another
possible cause of oscillatory transients. Transmission line can
be modelled as lumped capacitor
Voltage transient caused by energizing of 160km open ended T-line at source side and at end of line.
7. Impulsive
Impulsive transient is abrupt change in voltage ,current or
in both but only on one side (either +ve or –ve )
Normally characterized by their rise and decay times.
Quickly damped by resistive circuit elements and hence do
not propagate for from their origin point.
The most common causes of impulsive transients are
lightning and electrostatic discharge.
8. cont..
Impulsive Transient Rise time Duration
Nanosecond 5 ns Less than 50 ns
Microsecond 1 us 50 ns to 1 ms
Millisecond 0.1 ms more than 1 ms
10. How it can be resolved
• For better power quality assessment ,we have to define new indices
(other than conventional) based on signal processing technique. As
present indices for transient disturbance analysis have limitations.
• Indices can also be defined on basis of time frequency analysis.
• Indices based on time domain analysis are crest factor , peak and RMS
value.
• Indices based on frequency domain are THD,Distortion Index ,K-factor.
These indices are defined in terms of Fourier series Coefficient.