This document discusses power quality and various power quality issues. It defines power quality as characteristics of a power supply that enable devices to work properly. Power quality issues are then classified into different categories including low frequency phenomena like harmonics, high frequency transients, and long and short duration voltage variations. Specific power quality disturbances like sags, swells, interruptions, fluctuations, and harmonics are further defined and their causes and effects described.
Introduction: Definition & Reasons of Occurrence of following Voltage Dip, Brief voltage increases, Brief voltage interruption, Transients, Voltage Notches, Flickers, Distortion, Un-balance. Power Quality Indices,Limits of Harmonic Distortion according to IEEE, IEC, EN and NORSOK limits.Brief Introduction of Power quality Standards: IEC 61000-2-5,IEC 61000-2-1, IEC 1159 ( Categories of Power quality variation according to IEEE 1159 standard with their relevant Spectral content, Duration of occurrence & Magnitude)
This presentation on Power Quality Improvement Techniques: A Review presented by Sahid Raja Khan student of B. Tech. Electrical Engineering of Compucom Institute of Technology and Management Jaipur. It describes the improvement technique of Power Quality at GSS and other Substations including Generating Stations.
This presentation gives detailed information about power quality i.e. how poor power quality is caused? what are the parameters on which we measure power quality? how can we solve the problem of poor power quality? this presentation will give you all the answers.
Introduction: Definition & Reasons of Occurrence of following Voltage Dip, Brief voltage increases, Brief voltage interruption, Transients, Voltage Notches, Flickers, Distortion, Un-balance. Power Quality Indices,Limits of Harmonic Distortion according to IEEE, IEC, EN and NORSOK limits.Brief Introduction of Power quality Standards: IEC 61000-2-5,IEC 61000-2-1, IEC 1159 ( Categories of Power quality variation according to IEEE 1159 standard with their relevant Spectral content, Duration of occurrence & Magnitude)
This presentation on Power Quality Improvement Techniques: A Review presented by Sahid Raja Khan student of B. Tech. Electrical Engineering of Compucom Institute of Technology and Management Jaipur. It describes the improvement technique of Power Quality at GSS and other Substations including Generating Stations.
This presentation gives detailed information about power quality i.e. how poor power quality is caused? what are the parameters on which we measure power quality? how can we solve the problem of poor power quality? this presentation will give you all the answers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This gives you brief description to electrical power quality problems such as Ttransients, short and long duration voltage variation, voltage unbalance, waveform distortion,voltage fluctuations and power frequency variations.
Introduction to Power Quality: Terms and definitions of transients,
Long Duration Voltage Variations: under Voltage, Under Voltage and Sustained Interruptions
; Short Duration Voltage Variations: interruption, Sag, Swell; Voltage Imbalance; Notching D C offset,; waveform distortion; voltage fluctuation; power frequency variations
POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS- POWER SYSTEMAnandYadav207
It's an Electrical core topic on which you can deliver your presentation with respect to your industrial certification program.
you can use Course era online courses platform as like me for this type of certification. it's really beneficial for you guys
Thanks//.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This gives you brief description to electrical power quality problems such as Ttransients, short and long duration voltage variation, voltage unbalance, waveform distortion,voltage fluctuations and power frequency variations.
Introduction to Power Quality: Terms and definitions of transients,
Long Duration Voltage Variations: under Voltage, Under Voltage and Sustained Interruptions
; Short Duration Voltage Variations: interruption, Sag, Swell; Voltage Imbalance; Notching D C offset,; waveform distortion; voltage fluctuation; power frequency variations
POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS- POWER SYSTEMAnandYadav207
It's an Electrical core topic on which you can deliver your presentation with respect to your industrial certification program.
you can use Course era online courses platform as like me for this type of certification. it's really beneficial for you guys
Thanks//.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. 1. WHAT IS POWER QUALITY
IT DETERMINES THE FITNESS OF A POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
IT CAN BE A MEASURE OF RELIABILITY OF A SUPPY; or
IT CAN BE THOSE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUPPLY THAT WILL ENABLE
A DEVICE TO WORK PROPERLY.
A POWER SUPPLY WHICH IS FREE FROM DISTURBANCES CAN BE
CONSIDERED AS A GOOD QUALITY POWER.
3. 2.POWER QUALITY ISSUES
THOSE DISTURBANCES WHICH AFFECT THE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
“Any power problem manifested in voltage, current, or frequency
deviations that results in failure or misoperation of customer
equipment”.
5. 3. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER
QUALITY ISSUES
1. Conducted low-frequency phenomena
a. Harmonics, interharmonics
b. Signalling voltages
c. Voltage fluctuations
d. Voltage dips and interruptions
e. Voltage unbalance
f. Power frequency variations
g. Induced low-frequency voltages
h. DC in AC networks
6. 3. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER
QUALITY ISSUES
2. Radiated low-frequency phenomena
a. Magnetic fields
b. Electric field
3. Conducted high-frequency phenomena
A. Directly coupled or induced voltages or currents
B. Unidirectional transients
C. Oscillatory transients
7. 3. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER
QUALITY ISSUES
4. Radiated high-frequency phenomena
a) Magnetic fields
b) Electric fields
c) Electromagnetic fields
5. Electrostatic discharge phenomena (ESD)
Sudden discharge between two electrically charged bodies
6. Nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP)
The sudden burst of electro-magnetic radiation (EM Pulse) during nuclear
explosion will change the electric and magnetic field
8. 4. TRANSIENTS
“AN EVENT THAT IS UNDESIRABLE AND MOMENTARY IN NATURE”
2 TYPES : IMPULSIVE AND OSCILLATORY
An impulsive transient is a sudden, non–power frequency change in the
steady-state condition of voltage, current, or both that is unidirectional
in polarity (ositive or negative)
An oscillatory transient is a sudden, non–power frequency change in the
steady-state condition of voltage, current, or both, that includes both
positive and negative polarity values
10. 4. TRANSIENTS
OSCILLATORY – 3 TYPES
High frequency transients (Frequency greater than 500 kHz).
Medium frequency transients (Frequency between 5-500 kHz).
Low frequency transients (Frequency less than 5 kHz)
CAUSE
Lightning
13. 5.1 OVER VOLTAGE
“Increase in the RMS ac voltage greater than 110 percent at the
power frequency for a duration longer than 1min”
CAUSE
Switching off a large load
Energizing a capacitor bank
14. 5.2 UNDER VOLTAGE
“Decrease in the RMS ac voltage less than 90 percent at the
power frequency for a duration longer than 1 min”
CAUSE
Switching ON a large load
De-energizing a capacitor bank
15. 6. SUSTAINED INTERUPTIONS
Situation when the supply voltage is ZERO for more
than 1 min.
Requires human intervention to repair and restore the
system.
> 1 min
16. 7. SHORT DURATION VOLTAGE
VARIATIONS
Def :
• Short and temporary disturbances occurring in power system.
Cause:
• Switching on large loads
• Loose connections
• faults
Types:
• Voltage sag
• Voltage swell
• Interruptions
18. 7.1 INTERRUPTIONS
“An interruption occurs when the supply voltage or load current decreases
to less than 0.1 pu for a period of time not exceeding 1 min”
CAUSE
Power system faults
Equipment failure
Control malfunctions
< 1 min
19. 7.2 VOLTAGE SAG (DIP)
“A sag is a decrease in voltage to a value between 0.1 and 0.9
pu in RMS voltage or current at the power frequency for
durations from 0.5 cycle to 1 min”
CAUSE
Single line to ground fault
Switching ON heavy loads
Starting of large inductions motors
20. 7.3 VOLTAGE SWELLS
“A swell is defined as an increase to between 1.1 and 1.8 pu in
RMS voltage or current at the power frequency for durations
from 0.5 cycle to 1 min”
CAUSE
Switching OFF heavy loads
Energizing capacitor banks
21. 8. VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS
“Voltage fluctuations are systematic variations of the voltage to
a value between 0.9 to 1.1 pu”
CAUSE
Loads with continuous variation in current
SOLUTION
• Power
Conditioners.
EFFECTS
• Hardware failures.
• Crashes in PLC &
22. 8. VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS
•Max Permissible Voltage Variation - 1.5%.
NOMINAL SYSTEM VOLTAGE (KV
RMS)
MAXIMUM
(KV RMS)
MINIMUM
(KV RMS)
765 800 728
400 420 380
220 245 198
132 145 122
110 121 99
66 72 60
33 36 30
23. 9. POWER FREQUENCY
VARIATIONS
MAX PERMISSIBLE RANGE
49.2 to 50.3 Hz
“Deviation of the power system fundamental frequency from it
specified nominal value (e.g., 50 or 60 Hz)”
CAUSE
Poor speed regulation of alternator
EFFECTS
System crash
Speed variation in motors
SOLUTION
• Power
Conditioners.
• VDF, UPS
24. 10. WAVEFORM DISTORTION
“Waveform distortion is defined as a steady-state deviation
from an ideal sine wave of power frequency principally
characterized by the spectral content of the deviation”
26. 10.1 HARMONICS
“Harmonics are sinusoidal voltages or currents having
frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental
frequency (usually 50 or 60 Hz)”
27. 10.2 INTER HARMONICS
“Voltages or currents having frequency components that are not
integer multiples of the fundaments frequency are called inter
harmonics ”
28. 10.2 INTER HARMONICS &
HARMONICS
CAUSE
• Non-linear loads.
• SMPS used by personal
computers.
• VFD.
• Electronics devices.
SOLUTION
• Power
Conditioners.
• Harmonic filters.
EFFECTS
• Overheating
conductors and
transformers.
• Decreased efficiency.
• Increases losses
29. 10.3 DC OFFSET
“The presence of a dc voltage or current in an ac power system
is termed dc offset”
30. 10.3 DC OFFSET
CAUSE
• Fault in power
electronic devices.
SOLUTION
• DC Filters
EFFECTS
• Overheating of
transformers.
• Saturation of transformer
core
• Reduction in transformer
life.
32. 10.4 NOTCHING
CAUSE
• 3-phase power
electronic converter.
SOLUTION
• Isolation of
sensitive devices.
EFFECTS
• Injects harmonics to the
supply.
• Causes over heating
33. 10.5 NOISE
“Unwanted electrical signals with broadband spectral content
lower than 200 kHz superimposed upon the power system
voltage or current in phase conductors, or found on neutral
conductors or signal lines ”
34. 10.5 NOISE
CAUSE
• Power electronic
devices.
• Control circuits
• Arcing equipments
• SMPS.
SOLUTION
• Isolation of
sensitive devices.
• Filters.
• Power
conditioners
EFFECTS
• Injects harmonics to the
supply.
• Disturbance in micro
controller, computers and
PLC.