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PRESENT PERFECT
Grammatical Rules
• To form the present perfect, the auxiliary verb "have" is used in the present
and the past participle of the verb. For regular verbs, the past participle is the
simple form of the past. See the simple past lesson for more information on
how to shape the past.
Sujeto
Verbo
auxiliar
Forma
Corta
Participio
Pasado
I, you,
we, they
have
I’ve,
you’ve,
we’ve,
they’ve
talked,
learned,
traveled
…
he, she,
it
has
he’s,
she’s, it’s
talked,
learned,
traveled
…
Note: Keep in mind that there are many irregular
past participles in English. Below is a list of some
of the most common irregular past participles.
Verbo Pasado Simple
Participio
pasado
be was/were been
do did done
go went gone
make made made
see saw seen
• Structure (Estructura)
• 1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
• Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + participio pasado…
EXAMPLES:
I have [I’ve] talked to Peter.(He hablado con Peter.)
She has [She’s] gone to work.(Ha ido a su trabajo.)
They have [They’ve] learned English.(Han aprendido inglés.)
• USES
• The perfect present is used for actions that occurred in a non-concrete time
before now. The specific time is not important. Therefore, we do not usually use
specific time expressions ("this morning", "yesterday", "last year" ...) with the
present perfect. The present perfect can be used with non-concrete time
expressions ("never", "ever", "many times", "for", "since", "already", "yet" ...).
This concept of non-specific time is quite difficult to understand, for this reason,
below you have the particular uses of the present perfect.
• 1. The present perfect is used to describe an experience. We do not use it for
specific actions.
EXAMPLES:
I have never flown in a plane.(Nunca he volado en un avión.)
We have been to Río de Janeiro.(Hemos ido a Río de Janeiro.)

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Present perfect

  • 2. Grammatical Rules • To form the present perfect, the auxiliary verb "have" is used in the present and the past participle of the verb. For regular verbs, the past participle is the simple form of the past. See the simple past lesson for more information on how to shape the past. Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Forma Corta Participio Pasado I, you, we, they have I’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve talked, learned, traveled … he, she, it has he’s, she’s, it’s talked, learned, traveled …
  • 3. Note: Keep in mind that there are many irregular past participles in English. Below is a list of some of the most common irregular past participles. Verbo Pasado Simple Participio pasado be was/were been do did done go went gone make made made see saw seen
  • 4. • Structure (Estructura) • 1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas) • Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + participio pasado… EXAMPLES: I have [I’ve] talked to Peter.(He hablado con Peter.) She has [She’s] gone to work.(Ha ido a su trabajo.) They have [They’ve] learned English.(Han aprendido inglés.)
  • 5. • USES • The perfect present is used for actions that occurred in a non-concrete time before now. The specific time is not important. Therefore, we do not usually use specific time expressions ("this morning", "yesterday", "last year" ...) with the present perfect. The present perfect can be used with non-concrete time expressions ("never", "ever", "many times", "for", "since", "already", "yet" ...). This concept of non-specific time is quite difficult to understand, for this reason, below you have the particular uses of the present perfect. • 1. The present perfect is used to describe an experience. We do not use it for specific actions. EXAMPLES: I have never flown in a plane.(Nunca he volado en un avión.) We have been to Río de Janeiro.(Hemos ido a Río de Janeiro.)