The document discusses prefixes and suffixes. It provides examples of common prefixes used to indicate time, place, size, direction, and number. It also gives examples of common suffixes used to form nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. Suffixes are divided into derivational suffixes, which change a word's part of speech or meaning, and inflectional suffixes, which create different forms of the same word. Inflectional suffixes for nouns, verbs, and adjectives are outlined.

1. Presented by:
Ayesha Aamir

2. Prefixes
Prefixes are at the beginning of words.

3. Semantic Categories of Prefixes
 Time
 Place & Distance
 Size
 Negative
 Opposite
 Number

4. Time Related Prefixes
Prefixes Meaning Words/ Examples
Ante Before Antebellum, Anteroom,
Antediluvian
Ex Former Ex-wife, Ex-president, Ex- chief
Mid Middle Midnight, Midterm, Midpoint
Neo New, recent Neonatal, Neoplasty,
Neocracy
Post After Postmortem, Postgraduate,
Postnatal
Pre Before Premature, Pretest, Predefined
Re Again Rearrange, Replay, Rewrite

5. Place Related Prefixes
Prefixes Meanings Words/Examples
Circum Around Circumference,
Circumstances, Circumvent
Extra Outside, beyond Extraordinary, Extracurricular,
Extramural
Fore In front, front part of Forebrain, Forefather, Forecast
Inter- Between Interaction, Interfere, Interject
Intra- inside Intraschool, Intragroup,
Intravenous

6. Place Related Prefixes
Prefixes Meanings Words/Examples
Mid Middle Midnight, Midterm, Midpoint
Sub- Under,Below Subordinate, Submarine,
Subsidiary
Super Above, Excessive, Extra Super-power, Superimpose,
Superlative
Tele- At a distance Telegram, Tele-marks,
Telecast
Trans- Across, to the other side Transact, Transcultural,
Transformation

7. Size Related Prefixes
Prefixes Meanings Words/Examples
Macro- Large Macrometer , Macrograph,
Macrocosmic
Mega Very large Megastructure, Megaphones,
Megabytes
Micro- Small Microphone, Microsecond,
Micro- chip
Mini- small Mini-buss, Minimum, Minibar

8. Negative Related Prefixes
Prefixes Meanings Words/Examples
A- Not Atrophy, Apolitical ,
Atypical
Dis- Not Disagree, Disallow,
Disconnect
Im Not Impossible, Improper,
Impure
Il- Not illegal, Illogical,Illittrate
Ir- Not Irregular, Irrelevant,
Irritate
In- Not Inaction, Incapable,
Invisible

9. Un- Not Unable, Undo, Unequal,
Unusual,
Non Not Nonsense, Non serious,
Non Muslim
Mal- Improper, badly Malady, Malfunctioning,
Maladjustment
Mis- Wrong, wrongly Misbehave, Misguide,
Misjudge
Negative Related Prefixes

10. Opposite & Deprived Related Prefixes
Prefixes Words/Examples
De Decode, Decrease, Depress
Dis Disloyal, Disgrace, Disagree
Un Unable, Unconscious, Undefined

11. Number Related Prefixes
Prefixes Meanings Words/examples
Mono Single, alone, one Monopoly, Monorail,
Monotone
Poly Many, several Polygon, Polymer, Polyglots
Semi Half
Semicircle, Semiannual,
Semiaquatic
Bi Two Bilateral, Bicycle, Bisect
Uni One Unilateral, Uniform, Universe
Multi Many, several Multicolor, Multilingual,
Multinational,

12. Suffixes
Suffixes are at the end of words.

13. Functional Categories of Suffixes
 Noun Suffixes
 Adjective Suffixes
 Adverb Suffixes
 verb Suffixes

14. Noun Suffixes
Suffixes Words/examples
-ant Arrogant, Attendant, Important
-ent
Student, Government, Coefficient
-ee Employee, Internee, Trainee
-er Teacher, Mother, Stronger
Or Governor, Major, Minor
-ery Hennery, Cookery, Grocery
-ry Battery, Century, Industry
-ing Singing, Painting, Drawing
Battery

15. Noun Suffixes
Suffixes Words/ Examples
-ist Journalist, Buddhist, Scientist
-an Pakistan, Iran, American
-ian Asian, Christian, Guardian
-age Postage, Village, Orphanage
-ation Exploration, Hesitation, Plantation
-ion Attention, Location. Cooperation
-ure Exposure, Procedure, Adventure
-dom Kingdom, Seldom, Wisdom
- Ism Criticism, Journalism, Activism
-ity University, Diversity, Ability
-ment Achievement, Entertainment, Excitement

16. Adjective Suffixes
Suffixes Words/Examples
-able Capable, Comfortable, Presentable
-ible Reversible, Terrible, Horrible
-al Universal. Annual, Historical
-ial Social, Bilabial, Industrial
-ed Surprised, Amused, Pleased
-ful Graceful, Peaceful, Powerful
-ic Fantastic, Islamic, Picnic
-ish Swedish, British, Selfish
-less Hopeless, Mannerless, Fearless
-like Unlike, Lifelike, Dislike
-y Glory, Hungry, Sleepy

17. Adverb Suffixes
Suffixes Words/Examples
-ly Clearly, Closely, Hourly
-ward, wards Forward, Towards, Inwards, Backward
-wise Lengthwise, Clockwise, Otherwise

18. Two Types of Suffixes
 Derivational Suffixes
 Inflectional Suffixes

19. Derivational Suffixes
 Endings that change the meaning of the word are called "derivational
suffixes, they change part of speech of the base morpheme, For example:
 -able adjective Readable (Read+able)
 -ing noun sleeping (sleep+ing)

20. Derivational suffixes
Suffixes Part of Speech Words/examples
-able V > adj Readable, Enjoyable, Loveable
-ible V > adj Audible, Bible, Reversible
-ness Adj > n Kindness, Sadness, Wilderness
-ize Adj, n, > v Vocalize, Materialize, Privatize
-en Adj, n,> v Forgotten, listen, Strengthen
-ation V >n Exploration, Hesitation, Organization
-ing V > n Writing, Eating, Sleeping

21. Inflectional Suffixes
 endings that are create different forms of the same word are called
"inflectional suffixes.
 Types of Inflectional Suffixes
 Noun Suffixes
 Verb Suffixes
 Adjective Suffixes

22. Noun Suffixes
 Plural makers by adding –s or-en
 Examples:
 -S.
 Girls, Boys, Chairs
 -en.
 Men, women, children

23. Noun Suffixes
 Possessive Makers ( show the possetion of someone for something) by
adding ‘s
 Examples:
 Ali’s book, Huzaifah’s toy, Sara's car

24. Verb Inflectional suffixes
 Present singular 3rd person -s , -es
 Examples:
 He plays well.
 She does her work well.
 Mr. Ahmad reads newspaper daily.

25. Verb Inflectional Suffixes
 Past Tense marked -ed
 Examples:
 Car moved.
 Baby cried
 Boys played.

26. Verb Inflectional Suffixes
 Present Participle marker -ing
 Examples:
 She is waiting.
 Singer is singing a song.
 Writer is writing a book.

27. Verb Inflectional suffixes
 Past Participle marker -ed , -en
 Examples:
 She has written a letter.
 Examiner marked the sheet.
 Old lady has finished her food.

28. Adjective Inflectional suffixes
 Comparative marker ( by adding –er)
 Examples:
 Stronger, Taller, bigger, smaller
 Superlative marker (by adding –est)
 Examples:
 Strongest, widest, Cheapest