1. The document provides an introduction to 3D computer graphics and graphics programming, covering fundamental concepts like pixels, 2D and 3D coordinate systems, and transformations. 2. It discusses rendering concepts such as lighting models, texture mapping, and shaders. Modern GPUs allow for programmable shading through languages like Cg, GLSL, and HLSL. 3. Advanced techniques like ray tracing are also introduced, which trace the path of light in a scene to realistically render 3D graphics.

1. 3D Computer Graphics - a Technical Introduction AKA 3D Graphics Programming ! By Praseed Pai K.T. http://praseedp.blogspot.com [email_address]

2. Background UT Game Engine Release Discussion in the BarCamp user Group Volunteered to take a session on Graphics Programming Aspects Has in the past consulted for companies in the CAD/CAM space. Lack of Graphics Programmers in Kerala ( INDIA)

3. Computer Graphics – What the heck is it ? William Fetter in 1960 coined the term Ivan Sutherland's Sketch Pad Thesis @ MIT

4. Part - 1 PIXELS !

5. What is a Pixel ? Pixel or Picture Element is a 32 bit integer value RGBA – Red Green Blue Alpha One can use an array of unsigned integers to store the pixel data. Once the data is populated , we can transfer the stuff into a Windows Device Independent Bitmap.

6. After Pixels , what else ? Bresenham's Line Algorithm Midpoint Circle Algorithm Triangle , Rectangle , Polygon Filling Copy the Stuff into the Device

7. Demo Clear the Screen Background Plotting Arbitary data at a point Rectangle,Triangle , Circle , Arc Rasterization demo Image Point Processing ( Color to Grey Scale and Image Negative ) Procedural Image

8. Part 2 Transformation and Matrices

9. 2D Physical Co-ordinate System

10. Transformation Translation Rotation Scale

11. Logical Co-ordinates

12. Demo A Clock Program using MFC Manual co-ordinate Transformation. Clock Geometry

13. Part 3 Finally it's 3D Time

14. 3D Co-ordinate System – Are you on the Left or Right ?

15. 3D Transformation - Translation

16. 3D Transformation - Rotate

17. 3D Transform - Scale

18. 3D Viewing - Perspective

19. 3D viewing – Perspective Matrix

20. 3D viewing - Ortho

21. 3D viewing – Ortho Matrix

22. Primitives

23. Primitives ( contd.. )

24. Jim Kajiya and his Rendering Equation

25. Lights Please

26. Rendering A scene using Global illumination

27. Numerical Evaluation of Rendering Equation Computationally Very Expensive Monte Carlo Rendering Global Illumination Algorithm Radiosity , Photon Rendering , Bidirectional Path Tracing , MetroPolis Light Transport Algorithms solve the Rendering Equation to determine the Pixel Color AQSIS – A RenderMan Compliant Renderer

28. How do i Light in a feasible manner?

29. Local Illumination Models Global Illumination by solving Rendering Equation is not suitable for Real Time Graphics We go for Approximation algorithms to create illumination models which are close to the physically based models Phong Lighting Model with Gourord Shading ( more about it later ) was the only feasible thing for real time work. Thanks to GPU we can have per pixel lighting like Phong Shading.

30. Phong Lighting Model

31. Phong Lighting Model

32. Shading – Flat Shading Every Polygonal face will have same color Fastest Shading Method Visual Fidelity is not good

33. Shading – Gourord Shading Calculation is done per vertex The Colors are interpolated

34. Shading – Phong Shading Per Pixel Lighting Calculation Most Expensive Feasible only on a GPU

35. Lights – Directional Light

36. Lights – Point Lights

37. Light – Spot Light

38. Images , so far ar synthetic .how do i add details ?

39. Texture Mapping - Adding Detail to the surface

40. Texture co-ordinates

41. Demos Texture Mapping an Image on to a Quad Environment Mapping Demo Terrain MultiTexturing Fog Demos from Ultimate Game Programming book

42. Duo Who made PC a graphics Platform

43. Part 4 Procedural Techniques

44. GPU Aka Graphics Cards Became Programmable from 1999 Now one can write code using High Level Languages Cg from Nvidia GLSL from OpenGL ARB/Khronos HLSL from Microsoft Modern day GPU

45. Graphics Pipeline

46. Demo – Ambient Light Vertex Program //////////////////////// // // Vertex Program to Demonstrate Ambient Light // varying vec3 normal, lightDir; void main() { gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex; }

47. Demo – Ambient Light Fragment Processor ////////////////// // Fragment Program for Ambient Light // // varying vec3 normal, lightDir; void main() { float intensity=0.2; vec4 color= vec4(1.0,1.0,0.0,0.0); gl_FragColor = color*intensity; }

48. Rasterizing Triangle using Shaders Vertex Shader void main() { gl_Position = ftransform(); }

49. Triangle – Fragment Shader uniform vec2 v0, v1, v2; ///////////////////////////////////// // // 2D cross product; // float crs(const vec2 u, const vec2 v) { return u.x * v.y - u.y * v.x; } ///////////////////////////////////// // Main routine test whether screen pixel is // within the triangle // void main() { vec2 p = gl_FragCoord.xy; if (crs(v1 - v0, p - v0) >= 0 && crs(v2 - v1, p - v1) >= 0 && crs(v0 - v2, p - v2) >= 0) gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0); else gl_FragColor = vec4(0.5); // gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0); }

50. More Demos GLSL Code snippets for doing various Lighting Models GLSL demo from now defunct 3D Labs inc..

51. Turner Whitted and his Rendering Technique

52. Ray Tracing Shooting a Ray from Eye into the scene ( for every pixel we need to do this ) It reverses the actual vision process to reduce the computational time.. We require robust computational primitives Ray Casting Demo Ray Tracing Demo A Discussion on POV Ray

53. Q & A THANK YOU