The document details practical surveying techniques for distance measurement, focusing on obstacles in chaining and offsets for building layouts. It outlines various methods for measuring and navigating obstacles, such as the use of theodolites and total stations. Additionally, it emphasizes the procedures for locating and drawing buildings to scale while addressing potential errors in instrumentation and personal judgment.

1. Practical Surveying
Distance Measurement
Prepared by
2020-2021
1
Asst.Lecturer. Dilveen H. Omar

2. Report Number (2)
Report name
Obstacles in Chaining, and Perpendicular (Off Sets )
for Building
2

3. 1-Tape(1)
2-Pin(10)
3-Range Pole(5)
4-Optical Square ( 1)
5-Plumb bob . (1)
3

4. Distance measurement in case of existence obstacles.
To Set an existing building and Draw it proper by
Scale.
4

5.  Obstacles in chaining
The various obstruction such as
Forest, Hills, Ponds, Rivers, Building…
Type of Obstacle's
1-Directe Methods.
2-In Direct Methods.
5

6. 
1-Ranging Obstacles

2-Measure Obstacles

3-Ranging and Measuring Obstacles
6

7. 1- By eye
2- By theodolite
3-By total Station (TS)
7

8. 8

9. 9

10. 10

11. 11

12. 12

13. 13

14. Offsetting : this may be done by taking the
known points that are existed on the both
sides of lines, in a way to spread the tape
between traverse lines and set the known
points by using one of the following methods:
(Offsets or Ties method)
14

15. Procedures:
1-Choose a site which is to be located .
2-Choose a line and fix two range pole at
Start and end points.
3-Set out (drop ) perpendiculars' from the
corners of the building .Or objects to be
drawn
On the line and measuring the distance.
4- Draw to certain scale (1:100,1:200,
1:500)
 SKETCH
15

16. 16

17. AVERAGE
D Y2
D Y1
AVERAGE
D X2
DISTANCE X1
LINE
NO
Draw With Scale
17

18.  To learn how we can drop a building and draw it an
paper by suite scale .
 Using the tape and optical square.
18

19. 1. Instrument error.
2. Personal error.
3. Natural errors.
19

20. Thank you
20