This seminar explores the structure and functions of the brain. It will identify the major regions of the brain - the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem - and describe their specialized roles. The seminar will examine specific functions of each brain lobe and their interconnections, as well as areas responsible for special sensations. It will also investigate specialized structures like the limbic system and explore the brain's blood supply.

1. APPLIED
ANATOMY

2. SEMINAR ON APPLIED ANATOMY
STRUCTURE OF
BRAIN 🧠

4. OBJECTIVES
 Identify the brain regions.
 Describe the major regions of the brain.
 Examine Specific functions of each lobe and their
interconnections.
 Understanding Brain connectivity.
 Identity and explain special sensation areas in brain.
 Investigate specialized structure.
 Understanding blood supply of brain.

5. INTRODUCTION
The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It
controls thoughts, memory, speech, and movement.
Understanding its structure and functions is crucial for
understanding how the body works. The brain, a marvel of
intricate design, serves as a epicenter of human cognition and
function, comprising an elaborate network of neurons, it is
divided into specialized region that orchestrate a symphony of
thoughts, emotions and the bodily processes.
This seminar delves into the remarkable structure of the brain.
Exploring its division like cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem etc.

6. STRUCTURE OF BRAIN
 LOCATION
IT IS PLACED WITHIN CRANIAL CAVITY,PASSING
THROUGH THE FORAMEN MAGNUM,IT IS CONTINUE
AS SPINAL CORD.
WEIGHT - The brain is contained in skull & weighs
1300-1400 gm.
made up of about 100 billion neurons, 7 each neuron
is surrounded by about 10 glial cells (neuroglia).

7. CEREBRUM(FOREBRAIN)
 LARGEST PART OF THE BRAIN.
 CONSISTS OF TWO CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
CONNECTED TO CORPUS CALLOSUM.
 THE CEREBRAL CORTEX IS DIVIDED INTO
FOLDS OR GYRI THAT ARE SEPERATED BY
FISSURE OR SULCI.

9. CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

11. CEREBELLUM
A Part of the brain located at the back Of
head, just above and behind where
spinal cord connects to brain itself. It
controls coordination, balance and
muscle movement.

12. AREAS OF SPECIAL SENSATION
 Motor area
 Promoter area
 Boca's area
 Visual area
 Sensory area

14. BRAINSTEM
 Connect the brain to the spinal cord.
 It includes midbrain, pons medulla oblongata.
 Regulates basic functions like breathing,
heartbeat and sleep.

16. DIENCEPHALON
 Presents in the middle of cerebrum, it forms
the third ventricle of the brain.
 Parts of diencephalon
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Metathalamus
4. Epithalamus

19. BRAINSTEM
1. MIDBRAIN
2. PONS
3. MEDULLA OBLONGATA

20. MIDBRAIN
 Slender region of the brain.
 Connects forebrain and hindbrain.
 Responsible for motor movements,auditary
and visual processing.
 Contains tectum, tegmentum,substantia nigra.

21. PONS
 Vital part of brainstem.
 situated above medulla oblongata, below
midbrain.
 Functions-breathing, transmitting signals
between brain, control facial muscle.
 Pons means bridge, bridge connecting various
regions.

22. MEDULLA OBLONGATA
 Lowermost part of brainstem .
 connecting spinal cord to rest of brain
 controlling-regulate heartbeat, breathing, B. P,
Swallowing, sneezing, vomiting.
 serves as pathway for nerve Fibers.

24. LIMBIC SYSTEM
 Amygdala: Involved in processing emotions, particularly fear and
pleasure. It also plays a role in memory consolidation.
 Hippocampus: Crucial for the formation of new memories and spatial
navigation. It also contributes to emotional regulation.
 Hypothalamus: Regulates various bodily functions, including hunger,
thirst, body temperature, and the sleep-wake cycle. It also links the
nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.
 Thalamus: Acts as a relay station for sensory information, helping to direct
it to the appropriate areas of the brain for processing.

25. BLOOD SUPPLY OF BRAIN
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
VERTEBRAL ARTERY

27. INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
After piercing the dura mater, internal carotid
artery gives of three branches, These are-
-ophthalmic artery
- Anterior cerebral artery
- middle cerebral artery

29. VERTEBRAL ARTERY
- originated from the First part of subclavian artery.
- It passes ventral to the pons and ends at its upper boarder
dividing into right and left Posterior cerebral artery.
BRANCHES
- Superior cerebellar artery
- Pontine artery
- Labyrinthine artery –
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

30. SUMMARY
 The brain’s structure comprises the cerebrum,
cerebellum, and brainstem. The cerebrum controls
voluntary actions and cognitive functions. The
cerebellum coordinates movement and balance. The
brainstem regulates vital functions like breathing
and heart rate. Neurons, the brain’s building blocks,
transmit signals through networks, enabling
communication and processing of information
throughout the brain.

31. REFERENCE
TEXBOOK OF APPLIED ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY FOR B.SC NURSING
STUDENTS – BY VISION HEALTH
SCIENCE PUBLICATION.
Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology for
Nurses” by Seema Rekha Devi.