2. Section 3: England &
France Develop
Main Idea: As the kingdoms of England and
France began to develop into nations, certain
democratic traditions evolved
Why it matters now? Modern concepts of jury
trials, common law, and legal rights developed
during this period
3. Setting the Stage
By early 800s, small Anglo-Saxon (used to
describe the invading Germanic tribes in the
south and east of Great Britain from the early 5th
century AD ) kingdoms covered former Roman
province of Britain
Breakup of feudal system was leading to
changed in government and the development of
nations
4. England Absorbs Waves of
Invaders
For centuries invaders from various regions in
Europe landed on English shores
Many stays, bringing their ways and changing
English culture
5. Early Invasions
800s- Britain was hit by Viking attacks
Only ALFRED THE GREAT was able to turn the
Vikings back
Alfred then united the kingdom under one rule-
calling it ENGLAND (“land of the Angles”)
Angles= one of the Germanic tribes that invaded
Britain
1016- Danish king was conquered England and
molded Angle-Saxons and Vikings into one
people
1066- King Edward the Confessor, died without
an heir
6. The Norman Conquest
William the Conqueror= duke of Normandy (land
already conquered by the Vikings), King Edwards
cousin
Harold Godwinson= William’s rival, Anglo-Saxon
Battle of Hastings= 1066, battle fought between
Normans and Saxons for the throne of England
Result= Harold was killed by an arrow to the eye,
Normans won, William declared all England his
personal property
Result 2: Harold laid the foundation for centralized
government
7. England’s Evolving
Government
William’s descendants owned land in both
Normandy and England
Henry II= married Eleanor of Aquitane (French)
2 Goals:
1. Hold and add on to their French lands
2. Strengthen their own power over the nobles
and the Church
8. Monarchs, Nobles, and the
Common Law
Eleanor of Aquitaine- wife of 2 king (Henry 2) s
and mother to 2 kings (Richard the Lion-
Hearted, John)
Henry 2- held land in France while ruling
England
Established:
Royal Judges
Use of a jury and trial by jury
Cases decided by England’s judges formed a
common law (unified body of law)
9. The Magna Carta
When Henry died, his much softer younger
brother, John, took the throne (lost much of
Henry’s French land)
John was mean to his subjects and tried to raise
taxes, so the nobles forced him to sign the
MAGNA CARTA (guaranteed certain basic
political rights)
Magna Carta included: no taxation without
representation, jury trial, and the protection of the
law
10. The Model Parliament
Parliament= 2 burgesses (people of wealth) from
every borough and 2 knights from every country
served on this legislative group
Model Parliament= was made up of commoners,
or non-nobles, as well as lords)
House of Commons (lower house) & House of
the Lords (upper house)
11. Capetian Dynasty Rules
France
Many kings looked for ways to increase their
power
France was divided into 30 feudal territories
Last member of the Carolingian family died
Capet Family took over (from Paris)Capetian
Dynasty of French kings (987-1328)
12. France Becomes a
Separate Kingdom
Caput Family had weak rulers, but a great
trading location
Eventually the Caput family would increase their
power outward from Paris
13. Philip II Expands His
Power
Philip II= aka Philip Augustus, one of the most
powerful Capetians, saw his father lose power to
English kings
Philip had little success with his first attempts
with English kings, but when King John came
along it changed.
14. Philip II Expands His
Power (2)
End Result: By the end of Philip’s reign, he had
tripled the lands under his control and for the first
time, a French king had become the more
powerful than any of his vassals
Accomplishments: established royal bailiffs
(presided over courts and collected king’s taxes)
15. Philips II’s Heirs
Louis IX=saintly, known as the ideal king, made a
saint by the Catholic Church
Created a French appeals court, which could
overturn the decisions of local courts
16. Philip II’s Heirs
Philip IV had a quarrel with the pope (Philip didn’t
think the pope had the right to govern church
affairs in his kingdom)
First Estate- Church leaders
Second Estate- great lords
Third Estate (called by Philip IV)- commoners
Estates General= meeting of all 3 estates
17. Section 4: A Century of
Turmoil
Main Idea: During the 1300s, Europe
was torn apart by religious strife, the
bubonic plague, and the Hundred Years
War
Why it matters now? Events of the 1300s
led to a change in attitudes toward
religion and the state, a change reflected
in modern attitude
18. Setting the Stage
Between 1200s and 1300s, church and
state seem to be in good shape, but
trouble was brewing
19. A Church Divided
At the
beginning of
the 1300s, the
papacy
seemed in
some ways
strong, but
pope and
Church were
in trouble
20. Pope & King Collide
Pope Boniface VIII= stubborn
Italian, attempted to enforce papal
authority on kings as previous
popes had
When a king, King Philip IV of
France asserted his authority over
French bishops
Boniface responded by ordering a
PAPAL BULL (an official document
issued by the pope) which said
that kings must obey popes
Result: King arrested Pope, Pope
was rescued but died a month
21. Avignon & the Great
Schism
King Philip IV failed to keep
Pope Boniface captive, so he
persuaded the College of
Cardinals to choose a French
archbishop as the new pope
(Clement V)
Moved the pope to Avignon
from Rome, lived there for 67
years
The move to Avignon
22. Avignon & the Great Schism
(2)Reformers tried to move back to
Rome, but the result was worse
While visiting Rome, Pope
Gregory XI, died
College of Cardinals then met in
Rome to choose a successor-
choose an Italian, Pope Urban
VI
French cardinals also choose a
pope- Clement VII
Each claimed to be the pope,
excommunicating the other
Great Schism= split or division
23. Avignon & the Great Schism
(3) Council of Constance
had the task of
resolving the matter
Now, there was a total
of 3 popes
With the help of the
Holy Roman Emperor,
the council forced all 3
popes to resign
New Pope- Martin V
24. A Scholarly Challenge to
Church Authority
Jan Hus= a professor from Czech
Republic
Authority of the Bible is above the pope
Hus was excommunicated, tried as a
heretic and burned at the stake
John Wycliffe= English professor,
preached Jesus Christ and not the pope,
was the head of the Church
Believed that the clergy shouldn’t own
any land and were living in luxury
Bible was the final word, not the pope
Spread the idea of an English translation
26. Origins & Symptoms of the
Plague
Began in Asia
Traveled along trade
lanes
First arrived in Sicily
around 1347
Became known as the
Black Death because
of the blackish spots its
produced on the skin
28. Symptoms
Painful swelling called
buboes in the lymph
nodes (armpits and
groin)
Sometimes a purplish
or blackish spots on the
skin
Extremely high fever,
chills, delirium and in
29. Origins & Symptoms of
Plague (2)
Frightened people looked
for a scapegoat: Jews
(reason- they poisoned
the wells)
Result: Jews were driven
from their homes or
massacred
Plague took 4 years to
30. Effects of the Plague
1. Social Effects:
Population decrease
2. Economic Effects- less
people less living in
towns less trading
prices rise
Farmland abandoned,
serfs left manors for
higher paying jobs
3. Religious Effects:
Church suffered a loss of
32. The 100 Years’ War
= a conflict in which
England and France
battled on French soil
on and off from 1337-
1453
Why? For the throne
Result: French are
able to finally drive
the English out
33. The Battle of Crecy
Although the French
won, the English won
3 important battles in
France
1. Battle of Crecy
(English were
outnumbered, French
knights attacked,
victory because of
English archers-
34. Poitiers &Aguincourt
2. Battle of Poitiers (French
believed they had surprised
British, British attacked with
longbows, captured the
French king and his son and
held them for ransom)
3. Battle of
Aguincourt(English
outnumbered, led by King
Henry V, English archers
again won)
*The longbow was putting an
end to heavily mounted
medieval knights
35. Joan of Arc
After Aguincourt, the
French and British signed
a treaty that the next king
would be Henry V, after
the death of the French
king
The French lost hope
JOAN OF ARC= French
peasant girl, felt inspired
by God to rescue France
from its English
conquerors, led the French
army into battle, wanted
Charles VI’s son to be the
36. Joan of Arc
It looked like Joan and her
French army were going to
lose on the roads to
Orleans- Joan acted like
she was retreated and then
charged the fort (her
soldiers followed)
Joan helped persuade
Charles to go on and be
crowned king
She was later captured in
battle, Charles did not help
her, she was condemned as
a witch and heretic, tied to a
37. Joan of Arc Death
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5EIsrZuczk&f
eature=related
38. The Impact of the 100s
War
1. Sense of
nationalism for both
countries
2. Strengthened the
English Parliament
3. Age of
Faith/Middle Ages
died out
4. Raised the
