The document discusses several biomes and how their characteristics change based on location from the equator. It describes alpine, tundra, boreal forest, deciduous forest, grasslands, desert, tropical rainforest biomes. Key factors discussed include temperature, rainfall, dominant plants and adaptations, and common animal species.

1. What are the characteristics you look at to determine a biome? How do ecosystems change as you travel north from the equator?

2. Biomes

3. Mountains/Alpine

4. Alpine Feature Location All over….Mountain Biome Can be in middle of desert Temperature Cold Colderer as you go up the mountain Rainfall Average/ 30cm Plants/Adaptation Cold shallow soil, Conifers mosses and lichens Animals/Adaptations Cold Rocky terrain, Fur and hooves, Mountain goat Other names Mountain, Alpine Tundra Special Features Can be in the middle of the desert and still get snow. The bottom of the mountain is warm and colder as you go up. Biome changes as you go up the mountain.

5. Tundra

6. Tundra

7. Tundra How much rain? 25 cm or less. A little higher than a pencil. Temperature? HOT Constant Where in the world? Tropical Along Equators. Temperate forests are more north. Other Features. Very diverse

8. Tundra Feature Location Far north : Near the poles Temperature Almost always cold Rainfall Very dry, almost a desert , 15 cm Plants/Adaptation Shallow roots, grow very short. Mosses and lichens. Animals/Adaptations Hibernate/Migrate, Mammals, insects Other names Arctic Special Features Short season for growing, LOW biodiversity

9. Boreal Forests (Taiga)‏

10. Boreal Forests (Taiga)‏ How much rain? 25 cm or less. A little higher than a pencil. Temperature? HOT Constant Where in the world? Tropical Along Equators. Temperate forests are more north. Other Features. Very diverse

11. Boreal Boreal Forest Biomes also known as TAIGA far north mostly cold, Canada and Alaska. Coniferous Trees Have needles Do not shed leaves Reproduce with cones. Spruce and Pine Trees. Animals Depend on trees for food and habitat. mammals adapted to cold carnivores such as wolves to eat large herbivores such as elk

12. Boreal Where?

13. Boreal (Taiga) Plants

14. Boreal Animals

15. Taiga Feature Location North,Canada and russia. Under tundra Temperature Mostly Cold Rainfall 40-100 cm/ Mostly Snow Plants/Adaptation Conifers/Pines… Needles and waxy coating Animals/Adaptations Mammals and birds, Fur and feathers for warmth Other names Boreal/ Coniferous Forest Special Features Usually covered in snow most of year

16. Deciduous Forests

17. Deciduous This Biome is eastern USA, Where Georgia is Deciduous trees Wide leaves Fall off in winter 50cm of rain Enough for trees. More than prairies, Less than rainforests. Has four seasons. variety of plants Tall tree canopy small ferns and bushes. Animals. Many mammals Birds

18. Deciduous Forests How much rain? 25 cm or less. A little higher than a pencil. Temperature? HOT Constant Where in the world? Tropical Along Equators. Temperate forests are more north. Other Features. Very diverse

19. Deciduous Forests Where

20. Deciduous Plants

21. Deciduous Animals

22. Temperate Deciduous Feature Location Eastern U.S Europe/ South of taiga Temperature Average (temperate) 4 seasons Rainfall Medium 75-125 cm Plants/Adaptation Leaves fall off. Tall trees thick bushes Animals/Adaptations Hibernate store food. Other names Special Features Georgias biome, usually 4 seasons leaves

24. Grassland Lots of grass Dry but more rain than desert Not enough rain for trees. Big Herbivores Large Herds Carnivores Lion King

25. Grasslands How much rain? 25 cm or less. A little higher than a pencil. Temperature? HOT Constant Where in the world? Tropical Along Equators. Temperate forests are more north. Other Features. Very diverse

26. Grasslands-Where

27. Grasslands-Plants Two Types of Grasslands Praries Not a lot of rain Only grass Savanna More Rain More trees

28. Grassland-Animals

29. Grassland Feature Location In between forest and desert/ Middle of continents Temperature Mostly hot, Prairies can be cold Rainfall Dry but more rain than deserts 20-35 Plants/Adaptation Mostly Grass, small shrubs Animals/Adaptations Large herbivores that graze on grass, buffalo, rhino, zebra Other names Two types, Savanna Prairie Special Features Huge animals, Think of africa . Savanna is africa and is always hot. Prairie is USA and can get cold

30. Deserts

31. Desert Less than 25cm pop can Very hot Big Temperature swings Organisms Adapt to stay cool

32. How much rain? 25 cm or less. A little higher than a pencil. Temperature? HOT Drastic changes in temperature Hot days cold nights Where in the world? Middle of continents. 30 degrees from the equator. Other Features.

36. Desert Feature Location Mid Latitudes/ Most continents Temperature Very Hot during day Cold at night Rainfall Very little. Less than 10 cm Plants/Adaptation Cacti, Spread out, store water, wide roots Animals/Adaptations Reptiles, birds insects, Hunt at night store water, stay cool Other names Special Features Temperature swings. 90 during day 50 at night

38. Tropical Rainforest Feature Location Equator Temperature Hot all year 80-90 degrees Rainfall Lots, 300cm Plants/Adaptation Grow quickly. and on top of each other, THICK Big trees, vines, ferns, shrubs Animals/Adaptations All sorts of animals. 1400 birds, 150 million species Other names Special Features Most Biodiversity

39. Rainforest Hot and Humid Lot of plants and animals Thick dense vegetation Dark Floor Canopy and Understory

40. Rainforest- Plants Canopy Upper Layer Understory Lower level plants Plants adapted to grow quickly

41. Rainforests How much rain? 200 – 300cm CM Temperature? HOT Constant Where in the world? Tropical Along Equators. Temperate forests are more north. Other Features. Very diverse

42. Rainforest Animals Huge Diversity Lots of Exotic Birds, Mammals, Insects, Monkeys

43. Temperate Cooler Redwoods California

44. Where?

45. Estuary Where ocean and freshwater meet. Very rich ecosystem

46. Freshwater

47. Marine

48. Many carnivores such as wolves to eat large herbivores such as elk Mountains and Ice Do not fall into major biomes. Mountains have several mini-biomes. The climate is different at the base of moment than at top. Different plants and animals live at different parts of mountain. Some parts of earth are covered in ice. Arctic and Antarctica. Animals such as penguins and seals.