This document provides instructions and background information for conducting several science experiments. It discusses the key components of experiments including variables (factors that can be changed), manipulated variables (what is changed by the experimenter), responding variables (what is observed and measured), and control variables (factors kept the same). It then provides details on setting up and conducting experiments to test how different types of batteries affect flashlight brightness, what type of coffee cup keeps coffee warmest, and how light level, light color, and carbon dioxide affect the rate of photosynthesis in elodea plants. Students are instructed to make hypotheses, collect data, and analyze results.

1. ReviewWarmup. What is a variable?What is made during photosynthesis?Where is there more oxygen, a lot of photosynthesis or a little.

2. A variable is any factor of an experiment that can be changed. What Kind of plantWaterBagsLightAmount of Co2Variable

3. Three types of variablesControl- What stays the sameManipulated_What you change before the experiment. Responding_The variable that is observed or measured.

4. What batter is the best? Put them in flashlightsTurn on the flashlightsRecord how long each Flashlight stays on. Battery experiment

5. Battery ExperimentManipulated VariableBatteriesResponding Variable (dependent variable)Length light stays on. Control variableSame flashlightSame time startedSame temperature

6. Experiment 2What kind of coffee cup keeps coffee warmest. Look forManipulated variableControl variablesResponding variable

7. experiment

8. Manipulated VariablesWhat was the manipulated variable?These are the variables you set up. What is different in the experiment

9. Responding variablesWhat was the responding variable. The responding variable is what you observe. We observed the change inTemperature

10. Control variableWhat parts of the experiment were kept the same. Always use the same measuring devices. Same thermometerSame amount of waterSame beginning temperature.

11. Amount of variablesHow many manipulated variables can we have?How come we can only have one?What happens if we had different batteries AND different flashlights, AND different temperatures they were tested in?Do we know which battery is truly better?Could have better flashlightTemperatures can make batteries last longer. YOU CAN ONLY HAVE ONE MANIPULATED VARIABLE AT A TIME. This is so you know what exactly is causing the dependent variable.

12. Elodea experiment.

13. You will do three experiments.For each experiment give: Hypothesis: What do you expect will give you the most photosynthesis? Manipulated Variable: Which Variable are you testing Control Variable: What variables are you keeping the same? Responding Variable: Bubbles Data table, Do 4 tests with 4 different variables and record your data. ConclusionHow does this variable affect photosynthesis?,

14. Elodea experiment.

15. Predictions? HypothesisWhat color will work best?PlainRed Green Blue, What will happen when we increase CO2What will happen when we increase the light level?

16. Our LabYou will record Data Table. Change only one variable at a time. You then know this effect on the photosynthesis. You will do 4 runs for each variable. Test the effect of Light LevelTest the effect of light colorTest the effect of carbon dioxide

17. ResultsChart your data. List the level of all the variables and the result