Thermal analysis techniques like differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are useful for measuring the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymers. However, measuring Tg can be difficult for some polymers due to restricted molecular motion from crystalline regions, dense crosslinking, or hydrogen bonding. DSC is also used to study enthalpy relaxation in glassy polymers below Tg and the effects of water on Tg in hydrophilic polymers through disruption or formation of intermolecular bonds.
Provides up to date information on DSC, recent developments and applicability. Recommended for those seeking up-to-date information on thermal analysis instruments.
This presentation is about the way polyethylene can crystallise both from solution and in the bulk. The presentation illustrates chain folded crystallisation and how bulk spherulite crystallisation forms from chain folded crystal lamella. The presentation also shows how flow can induce "shish kebab" fibrous crystals.
Provides up to date information on DSC, recent developments and applicability. Recommended for those seeking up-to-date information on thermal analysis instruments.
This presentation is about the way polyethylene can crystallise both from solution and in the bulk. The presentation illustrates chain folded crystallisation and how bulk spherulite crystallisation forms from chain folded crystal lamella. The presentation also shows how flow can induce "shish kebab" fibrous crystals.
PerkinElmer: Nano-Composites Characterization by Differential Scanning Calori...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Nanocomposites are usually comprised of organic polymer composites with inorganic nanomaterial fillers or building blocks. This combination increases the physical properties of the final nanocomposite product. Rigidity, thermal stability, dielectric strength, ductility, and elastic limits are expanded due to the special properties that nanoscale objects have compared to the traditional bulk fillers and bulk fibers. The uniqueness of nanoscale materials is the large surface area to weight ratio. This single nano characteristic leads to a dramatic increase in the interfacial area compared to traditional filler.
Thermal analytical techniques that are used to characterize nanocomposite formulations during development, processing, and final acceptance testing are: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC, HyperDSCTM), Thermogravimetry (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), and the hyphenated technique Thermogravimetry-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TGA-GC-MS), are used to measure nanocomposites. These measurements help ensure that the nanocomposite manufacturing process is stable, reproducible, and reliable. This poster concentrates on the formulation and end product validation through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (HyperDSCTM) characterization.
Oxidative Rancidity in Fats and Oils, Causes and Prevention Sadanand Patel
Fats are one of the very important component of our diet. But they are highly unstable toward atmospheric oxygen and start producing unpleasant smell. These undesirable compounds generated by degradation of fats are very harmful for our health. They are Carcinogenic in nature.
Brief intro about crystalline and amorphous structures,
glass transition temperature,
free volume theory of glass transition temperature,
factors effecting glass transition temperature etc.
In DSC the heat flow is measured and plotted against temperature of furnace or time to get a thermo gram. This is the basis of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
The deviation observed above the base (zero) line is called exothermic transition and below is called endothermic transition.
Temperature Sensitive Material for the Desiccant Dehumidification SystemKenneth Huang
To minimize the energy consumption of an air-conditioning sub-system,
temperature sensitive poly N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel with
temperature non-sensitive porous silicon gel was made through
solution polymerization. The polymer yield, water absorption, and the
water discharge rate were observed using a differential thermal graph.
This graph provided the details of the temperature response of water
molecules. These gels were placed on glass paper soaked with acid for
dehumidification system. The critical temperatures for the synthesized
polymer has lower critical solution temperatures, so we reduced the cost
and improved performance by using the optimized synthesizing ratio.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ZEOLITE BASE SOLAR VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION S...Journal For Research
Solar adsorption refrigeration represents important criteria of solar energy due to excellent matching between high sun-shine and the refrigeration need. The refrigerant pair can be taken by zeolite in powder form and water as refrigerant. The experiment used different parameters like co-efficient performance, temperature different, solar collector design, cooling unit, mass flow rate, pressure difference etc. Several literatures are used to develop experimental analysis to prepare an experimental setup and their results validation. Analysis new style structure adsorbent bed had been designed ,which has some character follows: compact structure, good performance in bearing strength, high efficiency in heat & mass transfer, great packing amount of adsorbent & uniform temperature field in the bed.
Here you can find a simple and short note on Pharmaceutical Preformulation studies.
Reference book:
The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy by Lachman and Lieberman.
A polymer is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many
repeated subunits. The structure of a polymer is defined in terms of
crystallinity. This might also be thought of as the degree of order or regularity
in how the molecules are packed together. A well-ordered polymer is
considered crystalline. The opposite is an amorphous polymer. Almost
all amorphous polymers possess a temperature boundary. Above this
temperature the substance remains soft, rubbery and flexible, and below
this temperature it becomes hard, glassy and brittle.
The temperature, below which a polymer is hard and above which
it is soft is called the glass transition temperature.
For example:-
When an ordinary natural rubber ball if cooled below -70oC becomes so
hard and brittle that it will break into several pieces like a glass ball falling on a
hard surface.
This happens because there is a temperature boundary for amorphous.
The transition from the rubber to the glass-like state is an important feature of
polymer behavior, marking as it does a region where dramatic changes in the
physical properties, such as hardness and elasticity, are observed.
The hard, glassy, brittle state is known as the glassy state and the soft,
rubbery, flexible state is the rubbery or viscoelastic state. The glass transition
temperature is denoted by Tg.
Tf is another term for temperature, when a polymer is heated further, it forms
a viscous liquid and starts flowing, this state is known as viscous-fluid state
and the temperature is termed as flow temperature (Tf).
Tg is an important characteristic property of any polymer as it has an
important bearing on the potential application of a polymer.
Leveraging New Refrigerant Technologies: Phase Change Materials in Cold Chain...Cryopak
The purpose of a temperature controlled package is to maintain an interior thermal environment sufficient to meet the product’s temperature requirements.
Refrigerant packs in combination with insulated containers make up the bulk of temperature controlled packages.
The most commonly employed refrigerant material is water often with some additives to alter its properties.
This study aims at experimental investigation on the effect of mixing of Al2O3
microparticles in water fluid on the heat transfer enhancement. The experiment was done
in a 3 channel 1-1 pass corrugated plate heat exchanger. The plates had sinusoidal wavy
surfaces with corrugation angle of 45°. Hot water at different inlet temperature ranging
from 40°C to 70°C was made to flow through central channel to get cooled by water in
outer channels. Experiment was measured in parallel and counter flow arrangement. The
variations of hot fluid outlet temperature and effectiveness of heat exchanger were
measured with rise of inlet hot fluid temperature. The required properties of the Al2O3
water mixture were measured at different concentration of Al2O3 microparticles from
0.0% to 1.275% by volume. It is observed that with volume percentage of Al2O3 increases
in the cold fluid the effectiveness of heat exchanger increases substantially. The addition
of Al2O3 microparticles in cooing water increases the effectiveness of heat exchanger by
0.88 in parallel flow and by 0.96 in counter flow.
EFFECT OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT ON HEAT TRANSFER IN POOL...ijiert bestjournal
Boiling is very complex phenomena also it is very e ffective mode of heat transfer. The boiling phenomenon is affected by different method i.e. act ive and passive method. Addition of surface active agent is active way to enhance the heat tran sfer rate. Heat transfer rate enhancement by addition of surface active method is depend on two parameter one is its ionic nature and other is its molecular weight. In this study we are going to understand the effect of high molecular weight surfactant on heat transfer for that purpose we are using Polyethylene glycol having molecular weight 2909.49 g/mol. The experimental re sult shows that addition of PEG in water increases its surface tension and considerably its surface temperature.
Similar to Ppp Dsc 2 Thermal Analysis Application Of Dsc Strength Of Dsc (20)
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
14. 06/10/09 Polymer & Process Engineering These different water species are illustrated in Figure 5.27, which presents the DSC Crystallization curves for water sorbed on poly(4-hydroxystyrene). The water content is given by the mass of water in the polymer divided by the dry mass of the sample, expressed in units of g/g. At the lowest water content no exothermic peak is observed. All of the water in the polymer at this water concentration is non-freezing water. At a higher water content a freezing exotherm is observed at 225 K whose area is considerable smaller than 333 J/g, which is the enthalpy of crystallization of bulk water. This peak is due to freezing-bound water in the system. At the highest water content a large exotherm is observed in the region of 273 K whose enthalpy of transition is close to that of bulk water. This exotherm is ascribed to the crystallization of the freezing water in the hydrated polymer.
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