Ppp2 Rubber Elasticity
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This document discusses the physical properties of polymers and rubber-like elasticity from a thermodynamic perspective. It covers topics like the theoretical stress-strain curve for rubber, network theories of high elasticity, the effects of temperature on stress and length, Maxwell's equation, and kinetic theories of elasticity. The key requirements for polymers to exhibit rubber-like elasticity are flexible chains, weak secondary forces, and a network structure to prevent irreversible flow.
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Dear Students,
Please find the Basic Mechanical Engineering (TME-101, 2020-21 Session) Unit One notes in this section.
Topic cover in this section are:
UNIT-1: Fundamental Concepts and Definitions
Definition of thermodynamics, System, Surrounding and universe, Phase, Concept of continuum, Macroscopic & microscopic point of view. Density, Specific volume, Pressure, temperature. Thermodynamic equilibrium, Property, State, Path, Process, Cyclic and non-cyclic processes, Reversible and irreversible processes, Quasi-static process, Energy and its forms, Enthalpy.
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Theory of Time 2023
This document presents a theory of time proposed by Ramkumar K that was developed over 22 years of research. The theory aims to systematically relate principles of electromagnetism, mechanics, atoms, and the universal transformation system. It uses principles like Newton's laws, Ohm's law, and the law of conservation of energy to analyze energy and power transformations over time. The theory finds that existing interpretations contain some imbalances when relating series and parallel circuit properties. It develops new analyses of gyroscopic effects, black holes, and the universal transformation system to provide a single, unified theory of time and transformation systems across all domains.
Exergy
The document discusses the concept of exergy, which is a measure of the available useful work in a system or flow of matter and energy. Exergy is defined as the maximum theoretical useful work obtained as the system is brought into equilibrium with its surroundings. The document covers definitions of heat, work and exergy, as well as exergy of closed and open systems. It also discusses exergy change, effectiveness and loss of exergy due to irreversibilities. Several example problems are provided to calculate exergy values and changes for various thermodynamic processes.
5147871.ppt
This document summarizes key concepts about the conservation of energy. It discusses:
1) Different types of energy including kinetic, potential (gravitational and elastic), and internal energy.
2) Isolated and non-isolated systems and how energy is transferred across boundaries.
3) Ways energy can be transferred including work, heat, electromagnetic radiation, and more.
4) The principle of conservation of energy - that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system, only transferred.
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This document discusses the physical properties of polymers, specifically their transitions between different states as temperatures change. It describes two types of transitions - first order transitions where the first derivative of Gibbs free energy is discontinuous, and second order transitions where the second derivative is discontinuous. Second order or glass transitions in polymers occur over a wide range of temperatures as the rate of molecular rotation changes to be effective on experimental timescales. The transition temperature depends on factors like the polymer's chemical structure, molecular weight, and presence of cross-linking.
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