Ppp4 Plastic Flow Of Polymers
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The document discusses the physical properties of polymers, including viscosity. It describes three types of deformation and how viscosity is affected by temperature and molecular weight. Methods for measuring viscosity include measuring the rate of liquid efflux from a tube and the force to rotate a cylinder in a liquid. Viscosity increases exponentially with decreasing temperature based on the Arrhenius equation. Eyring's theory views viscosity in terms of molecules jumping between occupied and unoccupied sites in a quasi-crystalline lattice. The energy of activation for polymer flow levels off and is independent of molecular chain size. Viscosity is measured using rotational or capillary rheometers.
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1. Chemical engineering deals with converting raw materials into useful products through industrial processes. Chemical engineers design and operate plants to efficiently and economically produce products that meet customer requirements.
2. Mass transfer is the movement of a component from one location to another where the concentration is different. It occurs through molecular diffusion and eddy diffusion. Molecular diffusion is the random movement of molecules due to thermal motion.
3. Fick's law of diffusion states that the flux of a diffusing substance is proportional to the concentration gradient. Mass transfer stops when concentrations are uniform.
Matter
The document discusses the kinetic particle model and how it relates to different states of matter and phase changes. It explains that in solids, molecules are packed closely together in a fixed pattern and vibrate, while in liquids they are more loosely packed in a random fashion and can flow. Gases have molecules widely separated and moving at high speeds. Phase changes like freezing, melting, boiling, evaporation and condensation can be explained using the kinetic model. Thermal expansion of solids and liquids is also discussed in terms of molecular motion. The document also covers fluid pressure, buoyancy, and applications of concepts like pressure transmission.
Lecture 1B BME.ppt
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PH600 Project report
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Fluid Mechanics Chapter 3. Integral relations for a control volume
Introduction, physical laws of fluid mechanics, the Reynolds transport theorem, Conservation of mass equation, Linear momentum equation, Angular momentum equation, Energy equation, Bernoulli equation
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Samir Uddin's document summarizes various modes of heat transfer. It defines heat and discusses the difference between heat transfer and thermodynamics. The three main modes of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact. Convection refers to heat transfer between a solid and adjacent moving fluid. Radiation involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves without a medium. The document also outlines Fourier's Law of heat conduction and Newton's Law of Cooling.
Fluid
FLUID IN MOTION
HYDRODYNAMICS
Hydrodynamics is the branch of physics which deals with the study of properties of fluids in motion.
Viscosity of the fluid
Lattice Polymer Report 20662
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Properties of the fluids
This document discusses various properties of fluids, including:
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- Surface tension and capillary effects, where attractive molecular forces cause liquids to behave like stretched elastic membranes and rise in thin tubes.
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- Other topics covered include vapor pressure, the continuum approximation, density, specific heat, and speed of sound in fluids.
basic concepts of fluid mechanics (FM-1).pdf
This document provides information about a fluid mechanics course taught by Dr. Muhammad Uzair at NED University of Engineering & Technology. The course objectives are to impart theoretical knowledge of fluid statics and dynamics and enable students to analyze and solve engineering problems. The course learning outcomes include being able to define fluid mechanics concepts, apply equations to solve problems, and analyze dimensional analysis and experimental work problems. The course will cover topics such as fluid properties, fluid statics, fluid dynamics, and dimensional analysis over its contents. Student learning will be assessed through exams, assignments, reports, and quizzes.
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Ppp Dsc 1 Thermal Analysis Fundamentals Of Analysis
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Ppp8 Glassy State And Glass Transition Temperature
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Ppp8 2 Factors Affecting Tg
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Ppp6 Theory Of Softening Points In Polymers
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Ppp3 Calculation Of Entropy And Theoretical Stress Strain Curve
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Ppp2 Rubber Elasticity
This document discusses the physical properties of polymers and rubber-like elasticity from a thermodynamic perspective. It covers topics like the theoretical stress-strain curve for rubber, network theories of high elasticity, the effects of temperature on stress and length, Maxwell's equation, and kinetic theories of elasticity. The key requirements for polymers to exhibit rubber-like elasticity are flexible chains, weak secondary forces, and a network structure to prevent irreversible flow.
Ppp1 Rubber Elasticity
The document discusses the physical properties of polymers, including their elasticity. It describes two types of elastic deformation - instantaneous deformation (Doe) and time-dependent deformation (Dhe). Doe becomes very small at very short time scales, while Dhe is the primary type of deformation in polymers as it involves the uncoiling of polymer chains over time. The document then discusses the kinetic theory of rubber-like elasticity in polymers, modeling polymer chains as random walks using a Gaussian distribution to calculate the probability of a chain existing at a given distance.
Introduction To Spectroscopy
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