The document discusses the influence of French on the English language following the Norman conquest of 1066. It led to many changes in English vocabulary, with thousands of French words being introduced, especially those relating to more skilled jobs, cooking animals, and formal language. French also influenced English pronunciation, spelling, and grammar. The inflectional system largely disappeared and was replaced by final "schwa" sounds on many words. Overall, the Norman conquest had a profound impact on the development of the English language.
1. Scandinavian (those who came in the end of the Old English period) — over 500 words (take, give, sky, wrong, etc.);
2. French (the language of the Norman conquerors) — over 3500 words (government, army, battle, etc.). Though the number of the French words is greater, all the Scandinavian words — common, colloquial, everyday, indispensable — entered the very core of the language, and their influence is very great. The French words are generally terms indispensable only in certain official spheres, but not colloquial.
1. Scandinavian (those who came in the end of the Old English period) — over 500 words (take, give, sky, wrong, etc.);
2. French (the language of the Norman conquerors) — over 3500 words (government, army, battle, etc.). Though the number of the French words is greater, all the Scandinavian words — common, colloquial, everyday, indispensable — entered the very core of the language, and their influence is very great. The French words are generally terms indispensable only in certain official spheres, but not colloquial.
A power point presentation on Middle English by the students of English dept. at Metropolitan University, Sylhet.
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A power point presentation on Indo European family of languages by the students of English dept. at Metropolitan University, Sylhet.
Pulak Barua
Ex Lecturer
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A power point presentation on Middle English by the students of English dept. at Metropolitan University, Sylhet.
Pulak Barua Ex Lecturer Dept. of English Metropolitan University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
A major change in the pronunciation of vowels took place in England between 1400- 1700. It was limited to only the English language. This presentation explains eight steps that led to the complete vowel shift.
A power point presentation on Indo European family of languages by the students of English dept. at Metropolitan University, Sylhet.
Pulak Barua
Ex Lecturer
Dept. of English
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This power point covers the motives and means of European Exploration and Expansions. This power point is a teaching learning sources aligned with standards and variety of assessment tools with clear instructions.
The 10th PPT presentation on the History of Language. This is for pages 134-140 of the Middle English chapter.
Thank you both Sater Al Luhidan and your team for the great efforts.
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Thank you both Abdulrahman Alkalaf and your team for your efforts.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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5. Three German tribes invaded
Britannia: the Saxons, the Angles
and the Jutes.
They spoke Germanic dialects
which were adopted by the local
population.
7. Anglo-Saxon words:
• Most of these words are short,
consisting of no more than one or
two syllables: Home, child,
roof…
• They are associated with informality
or colloquial language
8. There is an expression in
Modern English:
“Speaking Anglo-
Saxon” which means
“plain, blunt speaking”.
12. The Norman Conquest in
1066 meant a great change
for the English language.
The Normans spoke a
French dialect, and many
of their words were
passed on into English.
13.
14.
15. This meant a change,
not only in
vocabulary, but also
in the grammar of the
English language.
16. There is still a street in
Southampton called
French Street, a location
where many French
merchants and Settlers
established their business
and homes.
19. The names people used changed:
Native pre-conquest names were
mainly West Germanic,
Scandinavian and Celtic:
Godwine, Egbert, Alfred…
After the conquest most of these
names had been replaced by :
John, Peter, Simon, Stephen…
20. Humble jobs kept their Anglo-Saxon
names:
Baker
Miller
Shoemaker
21. More skilled jobs adopted French names:
Mason Painter Tailor
merchant…
22. While the animals in the field kept
their English names: Sheep, cow,
calf, pig, deer…
Once cooked and served their
names became French: Mutton,
beef, veal, pork, bacon,
venison…
28. In many cases, French words replaced
Old English words…
Leod became People
Eam became uncle
29. In other cases a French word
combined an English one to
produce a new word:
Gentle + man =
gentleman
30. Sometimes, both, English and French
words survived…
Odour = smell
Pardon = Forgive
Mansion = House
Hearty = Cordial
31. In some occasions, a third word was
used from Latin, forming a triplet:
Old English French Latin
ASK QUESTION INTERROGATE
LAND COUNTRY TERRITORY
FAST FIRM SECURE
TALE STORY NARRATIVE
33. Norman French was harsher
and more gutural than the
softer Francien dialect of
Paris.
The Normans used a hard “c”
sound instead of the softer
Francien “ch”…
38. Norman-French scribes wrote official and
religious documents, this fact lead to
confusion as they adapted the Old English
spelling to the spelling of their native
Norman French.
48. One of the most important changes was
the disappearance of the inflectional
system.
Most inflections were replaced by the
final sound “schwa”
49. Read the following words ending with /ə/
• palace /pæləs/
• april /eprəl/
• theatre /θiətə/
• doctor /dɑktə/
• dungeon /dəndʒən/
• decision /dəsɪʒən/
• tortoise /tɔrtəs/
