The document provides a history of the origins and evolution of various music genres including blues, jazz, rhythm and blues, soul, rock and roll, funk, and pop music. It describes how blues originated in African American communities in the late 19th century blending African and European folk music. Jazz also originated among African Americans in New Orleans in the late 19th century combining African and European music. Rhythm and blues developed in the 1940s from urban African American communities capturing their experience. Soul music arose in the 1950s combining elements of gospel, blues, and jazz. Rock and roll originated in the late 1940s fusing blues, boogie woogie, and other genres. Funk emerged in the 1960s as African American
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Apresentação da Lisa French do IIRC sobre os próximos passos do <ir>, no Seminário Internacional sobre Relato Integrado Realizado em 07/12/2015 no BNDES - RJ.
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Genre of AnalysisRhythm and Blues (vocal performance) Rhyt.docxhanneloremccaffery
Genre of Analysis
Rhythm and Blues (vocal performance)
Rhythm and Blues (r&b) which also overlaps as “Soul Music” started in the South during the 20th century in the late 1930s and early 1940s. It was created by and for African Americans. Gospel music is a heavy component of R&B, even ministers would have the members of the church “testify”. Testimonies are people speaking on something that happened in their life and God turned it around for the better. Most of the pioneers of R&B like Ray Charles, B.B. King, James Brown etc. were black children that grew up in church and branched off into R&B which was seen as unholy to religious folk. It was deemed secular because churchgoers felt as if the music was blasphemous. This act of testifying is the base of rhythm and blues lyrics. In R&B you release bottled up emotions, but through song you “testify” and tell personal experiences. R&B also came from African folk songs called “work songs”. Work songs use “call” and “response”, which has a leader who calls out a word or sentence and the group responds back. Work songs were therapeutic and helped the shift go by. Eventually, the “call” and “response” method of R&B, which involves a crowd turned into a solo performance. R&B lyrics, as I said earlier are heavily influenced and derived from gospel. The instrumentation comes from Blues and Jazz causing the instruments to mirror the words.
In 1947, Jerry Wexler, who was at the time a reporter for billboard, named “R&B” as a genre while editing the charts for the magazine. Wexler is credited for the term. Before the term Rhythm and Blues, all music made by blacks had an offensive category name called “race music”. R&B came from African American’s merging Gospel, Jazz, and Blues. In the 1950s, R&B was considered a lower class style of music compared to Jazz which was considered a high class form of black expression. R&B was apart of the social scene for black youth especially in clubs.
In classic R&B, the “Rhythm” is from the strong use of backbeat and four-beat measures. The “Blues” is about expressing how you feel, which was usually “blue” and “sad”. Why was the music blue and sad ? Racism was a huge issue, this affected the African American community. Also, this music’s rise was among the World War II era. People were being killed because of the war, experienced mental issues because of the trauma of war and hate crimes because of the color of their skin. Majority of the music reflected the times. Instruments like the electric guitar, piano, harmonica, bass, drums, blues harp, slide guitar, and xylophone were used but the main focus is the singer. The singer expresses how they are feeling and set the tone of the song. There are many instrumentals of rhythm and blues but most of the time they are imitating a singer’s voice.
Ray Charles is one of the key players in R&B music. In several songs he collided gospel and blues together to make masterpieces. Evident in “I Got A Woman” (1954), in 1959 “What’d ...
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15. Jazz makes heavy use of
IMPROVISATION,
POLYRHYTHMS,
SYNCOPATION and SWING.
In other words: It has
unrhythmical sounds that
become a regular pattern.
23. It originated in the 1940s from urban
African Americans.
It encapsulates the African-American
experience of pain and the quest for
freedom and happiness.
The bands consisted of piano, one or
two guitars, bass, drums, saxophone
and sometimes background
vocalists.
30. Soul originated in the US
in the 1950s.
It combines elements of
African-American
gospel music, rhythm
and blues and jazz.
31. Soul arose out of the black
experience in America:
Catchy rhythms, stressed by
handclaps, and improvised
body moves, are an important
characteristic of soul music
36. It originated in the US in the
late 1940s.
It was a combination of blues,
boogie woogie, jump blues,
jazz, and gospel music.
Also Western swing and
country music.
37.
38. The name Rock and Roll comes
from ROCKING AND ROLLING,
which describes the
movement of a ship on the
ocean, similar to the spiritual
fervor of black church rituals
and a sexual analogy.
39.
40. Early rock and roll styles
used the piano or the
saxophone as the lead
instrument. But they
were replaced later by
the guitar.
49. Funk is a genre that originated
in the 1960s.
African American musicians
created a rhythmic, danceable
new form of music through a
mixture of soul, jazz and R&B.
