English originated from Germanic tribes invading Britain in the 5th century CE and bringing their Anglo-Saxon language, which was influenced later by Vikings, French following the Norman conquest, and other languages through colonization and globalization. It has evolved from Old English to Middle English to Modern English, gaining vocabulary from Latin, Greek, French, and other languages it encountered. Modern English is now spoken by over 750 million people globally and is an official language in multiple countries due to the expansion of the British Empire and influence of the United States.

1. The History of the English
Language
Source: A History of English by Barbara A. Fennell

2. Where did English come from?
English is a member of the
Indo-European family of
languages

3. Latin and the modern
Latin languages
•Germanic languages
•Indo-Iranian
languages
•Slavic languages
•Baltic languages
•Celtic Languages
•Greek

4. What are its origins?

5. Old English or Anglo-Saxon
(449 - 1066 CE)
The Romans finally left England in 410
CE as the Roman Empire was collapsing
The Celts lived in England when the
Romans invaded.

6. Then the West Germanic tribes arrived to England
The Angles
The Saxons
The Jutes
The Frisians
– These tribes spoke Anglo-Saxon or Old English.
– This language is similar to modern Frisian
– Today approximately 400,000 people speak Frisian
=( The Celts moved north leaving the main area of Britain =(

7. Later (850 CE) the Vikings came and brought
with them their North Germanic language
influence
Words: WATER & BOOK

8. • The Norman Conquest
French-speaking William, Duke of Normandy
• Old English began to change with the influence of
the new French speaking Norman aristocracy
• New vocabulary:
Beef, pork, and veal = cow, pig, and calf
French English
Middle English
(1066 - 1500 CE)

9. Early Modern English
(1500 - 1650/1700 CE)
• The Renaissance – Revival of scholarship: Greek and
Latin classics
• William Shakespeare – 3000 Latin based words
• Age of Exploration and discoveries:
– Products from the New World: Tobacco, Chocolate, Potato
• King James Bible – 1st Book printed in English
• William Claxton –The Press
These printed materials helped to standardize the language
GRAMMAR AND SPELLING!

10. Late Modern English
(1800 to 2010)
• Rise of technology
– Industrial revolution - nuclear, airplane, horsepower
– Internet
• Growth of the British empire and current expansion of
the American influence on the world
– Neologisms from other languages:
Shampoo and pajamas
Canyon and Ranch
Hamburger and Rocket

11. Due to all these factors, the modern English
language is very rich and flexible!
(VARIOUS RULES: CONFUSING!!! in spelling and pronunciation)
The English language is spoken by 750 million
people
English is an official language in:
England, Canada, Australia and New Zealand
and the United States.