In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical powerDr.Raja R
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical power
Reactive power in transmission line :
Reactive power control
Reactive power and its importance
Apparent Power
Reactive Power
Apparent Power
Reactive Power Formula
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical powerDr.Raja R
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical power
Reactive power in transmission line :
Reactive power control
Reactive power and its importance
Apparent Power
Reactive Power
Apparent Power
Reactive Power Formula
These slides presents the different challenges and issues related to DG integration to Micro-grid distribution systems. The possible solutions are also presented. Later of the class I will try to upload the mathematical presentations and simulation results related to each protection scheme. However, your suggestions are always welcome.
Introduction, Operation of 12-pulse converter as receiving and sending terminals of HVDC system, Equipment required for HVDC System and their significance, Comparison of AC and DC transmission, Control of HVDC transmission
This presentation on Power Quality Improvement Techniques: A Review presented by Sahid Raja Khan student of B. Tech. Electrical Engineering of Compucom Institute of Technology and Management Jaipur. It describes the improvement technique of Power Quality at GSS and other Substations including Generating Stations.
These slides presents the different challenges and issues related to DG integration to Micro-grid distribution systems. The possible solutions are also presented. Later of the class I will try to upload the mathematical presentations and simulation results related to each protection scheme. However, your suggestions are always welcome.
Introduction, Operation of 12-pulse converter as receiving and sending terminals of HVDC system, Equipment required for HVDC System and their significance, Comparison of AC and DC transmission, Control of HVDC transmission
This presentation on Power Quality Improvement Techniques: A Review presented by Sahid Raja Khan student of B. Tech. Electrical Engineering of Compucom Institute of Technology and Management Jaipur. It describes the improvement technique of Power Quality at GSS and other Substations including Generating Stations.
Matlab Simulink in Three-Phase Fault Analysis on Transmission linepamu17
When different types of fault occurs in power system then in the process of transmission line fault analysis, determination of bus
voltage and the rms line current are possible. While consulting with the power system the terms bus voltage and rms current of line are very important. In case of three phase power system mainly two faults occurs, three phase balance fault and unbalance fault on transmission line of power system, such as line to ground fault, double line to ground fault and double line fault. The transmission line fault analysis helps to select and develop a better for protection purpose[1]. For the protection of transmission line we place the circuit breakers and its rating is depends on triple line fault. The reason behind is that the triple line fault current is very high as compare to other fault current.
simulation in computer, the analysis of transmission line fault can be easily carried out. The main purpose of this paper is to study the general fault type which is Unbalance faults of transmission line in the power system. Also to perform the analysis and obtain the Result of various parameters (voltage, current, power etc.) from simulation on those types of fault Using MATLAB. A new
modeling framework for analysis and simulation of unbalance fault
in power system on IEEE 14 bus system is Procedure includes the frequency information in dynamical models and produces approximate nonlinear Models that are well adopted for analysis and simulation. The transformer model includes Saturation. The parameters have been obtained from practical or experimental measurement.
Conclusion:-
The aforementioned benefits are typically seen to increase transmission lines capacity. Benefits of TCSC are not subject only to newly built TCSC installation but they can also be achieved by upgrading existing series compensation on the thyristors controlled series compensation or only its part, thus considerably extended its influence and usefulness.
HVDC and FACTS for Improved Power Delivery Through Long Transmission LinesRajaram Meena
HVDC and FACTS for Improved Power Delivery Through Long Transmission Lines in using PSAT in GUI/matlab in that slide uses a basic deeply small instrument using power transmission lines..it's main purpose to improve knowledge skills of students..
Presented this powerpoint presentation in my university. The contents are as follows:
1) Types of Powers
2) Power Factor
3) Importance of Power Factor
4) Causes low power factor?
5) Disadvantages of low power factor
6) Methods for power factor improvement
7) Application of shunt capacitors in distribution network
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
This is my presentation of a baseband processor, which I have developed as a major project in masters, This presentation, gives you an overview of results and effectiveness, of the processor in respect of FPGA and ASIC level.
This presentation is an approach towards vehicular communication, in respect of future robotics communication. I am using scalefree network minimization to predict next user or vehicle to be master in transferring data in dynamic scenario
This presentation is all about, prediction approach when, n number of users have entered the system, then the n+1 th user will enter, what he will buy most favourably
This is basically a case study which is done on vehicles braking system which is effected due to emic effect which caused many accidents.
This presentation thus points out the emic effects and how it can be controlled in safety products
This presentation shows the emic effects in instruments of radio frequency and how it can be minimized.
Note: Just using this work which I found on internet during my work on EMIC effect and re edited for use
Robotics in army presentation is just an another term used in this presentation as to lead all the way how robots have became main and constructive parts in army and wars
This presentation is all on optical tweezers .Optical tweezers (originally called "single-beam gradient force trap") are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam.
This presentation is basically is on about e waste management in india , how electronic waste is dumped in india and how waste is tackled in the world as major dumping zone of ewaste of western countries is Asia.
This presentation talks about the carbon nano tubes technology.A nanotube is a nanometer-scale tube-like structure which helps in developing a strong and intuitive structures for future and possible uses
This presentation basically talks about the anti collision technology which is particularly implemented in cars in which cars are developed with anti collision technology which reduces the collision between them.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Power System
Power System voltage control has a hierarchy structure with three
levels: the primary, secondary, and the tertiary voltage control.
Over the past 20 yrs, one of the most successful measures
proposed to improve Power System voltage regulation has been
the application of secondary voltage control, initiated by the
French Electricity Company.
3. Important Of Features
Power System
Flickers
Harmonics
Interruption
Long Lines
Long Cables
Loop Flow
Reactive Power
Sags & Swells
Unbalanced Load
Voltage Instability
4. Flickers
A
fluctuation in system voltage that can
lead to noticeable changes in light
output.
Voltage
Flicker can either be a periodic
or non-periodic fluctuation in voltage
magnitude i.e. the fluctuation may
occur continuously at regular intervals
or only on occasions.
5. How To Reduce Flickers
Installation of a MiniCap to reduce flicker during large motor
starting .
Minicap is nothing but the Installation of
the feeder strengthens the network .
a series capacitor in
7. Harmonics
Harmonics are associated with steady-state
waveform distortion of currents and voltages.
Harmonics are components that make up a
waveform where each component has a
frequency that is an integral multiple of the
fundamental frequency. The term Harmonic is
normally applied to waveform components that
have frequencies other than the fundamental
frequency. For a 50 Hz or 60Hz system the
fundamental frequency is 50HZ or 60Hz. A
waveform that contains any components other
than the fundamental frequency is nonsinusoidal and considered to be distorted.
8.
9. How To Reduce Harmonics
Installing
filters near the harmonic
sources can effectively reduce
harmonics.
11. Interruptions
•
Occur when the supply voltage drops below 10% of the nominal
value.
An interruption is usually caused by downstream faults that are
cleared by breakers or fuses. A sustained interruption is caused
by upstream breaker or fuse operation. Upstream breakers may
operate due to short-circuits, overloads, and loss of stability on
the bulk power system.
12. Long Lines
Long lines need special consideration in the
planning of a power system.
For long AC lines one must consider i.e. the
reactive power compensation, the transient
stability and switching over voltages and how
many intermediate substations one needs.
14. Benefits
Lower investment cost
Lower losses
Lower right-of-way requirement for DC lines than for AC lines
HVDC does not contribute to the short circuit current
18. Loop flow
•
Unscheduled power flow on a given transmission path in an
interconnected electrical system.
•
Unscheduled power flows on transmission lines or facilities may
result in a violation of reliability criteria and decrease available
transfer capability between neighbouring control areas or utility
systems.
19. Area of application:
Interconnected power systems
Benefits
HVDC can be controlled to transmit contracted
amounts of power and alleviate unwanted loop
flows.
An HVDC link can alternatively be controlled to
minimize total network losses
An HVDC link can never be overloaded
20. Reactive Power Factor
•
Reactive power is defined as the product of the r.m.s. voltage,
current, and the sine of the difference in phase angle between the
two.
•
To maintain efficient transmission and distribution, it is necessary
to improve the reactive power factor.
21.
22. How to Improve power factor
•
The use of the MiniCap on a distribution
feeder provides self-regulated reactive power
for improved power factor at the utility
source.
23. Benefits
Increased power factor at the utility source.
Easier starting of large motors .
Improved voltage regulation and reactive power
balance.
Self-regulation Improved power factor, Reduced
transmission losses, Increased transmission
capability.
Improved voltage control, Improved power quality,
Eliminates harmonics S.
24. Sags & Swells
Short duration decrease/increase (sag/swell) in
supply voltage.
Voltage sags are one of the most commonly
occurring power quality problems. They are
usually generated inside a facility but may also
be a result of a momentary voltage drop in the
distribution supply.
Electronic equipment is usually the main victim
of sags, as they do not contain sufficient internal
energy to ‘ride through’ the disturbance.
25. Voltage Instability
•
Post-disturbance excursions of voltages at some buses in the
power system out of the steady operation region.
•
Voltage instability is basically caused by an unavailability of
reactive power support in an area of the network, where the
voltage drops uncontrollably.
26. Unbalanced Load
•
A load which does not draw balanced current from a balanced
three-phases supply.
A single-phase load, since it does not draw a balanced threephase current, will create unequal voltage drops across the
series impedances of the delivery system.
27.
28. Area of application:-Railway
Feeder connected to the Public
Grid
Modern electric rail system is a major source
of unbalanced loads.
STATCOM can elegantly be used to restore
voltage and current balance in the grid, and
to mitigate voltage fluctuations generated by
the traction loads.
30. Summary
The new electricity supply industry presents increasing
challenges for stable and secure operation of power systems.
State-of-the-art methods and tools have advanced our
capabilities significantly facing the challenges
comprehensive stability analysis tools
coordinated design of robust stability controls
on-line dynamic security assessment
Industry yet to take full advantage of these developments!
Need to review and improve
The reliability criteria.