Contingency analysis
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This technical seminar report discusses contingency analysis, which evaluates the impacts of removing equipment from a power system. It presents two main methods: the DC power flow method and the Z matrix method. The DC power flow method uses network parameters and bus voltage equations to model and simulate effects. The Z matrix method converts loads to impedances, injects a current, and calculates new current flows. It also discusses post-contingency equilibrium methods and concludes contingency analysis is used as an online decision support tool to quickly identify potential issues.
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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To develope and design compensator system
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Ass5
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Comparative Analysis of PID, SMC, SMC with PID Controller for Speed Control o...
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Maximum power point tracking system for photovoltaic systems
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Contingency analysis
- 1. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS Technical Seminar Report On “CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS” Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH under the guidance of Mr. Debasis Jena submitted by SIGMA DASH EE200198046
- 2. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION Simulator that evaluates, provides and prioritizes the impacts on an electric power system AC power flow method is expensive, computationally and time taking. DC power flow equations and bus voltage equations Deterministic contingency analysis The algo in CA uses network parameters to model, calculate & simulate the effects of removing equipment from the power Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH system.
- 3. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS DC POWER FLOW METHOD Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH N-1 in number, only the real power flow , all line resistances are neglected ö æ * i P Real V Y V i 2,........ N i ij j d q d V e Y e V e i ij j ö çè ÷ø Real = æ ö ÷ ÷ø ç çè æ = = ÷ ÷ø ç çè = å å å + - - i j( ) i j i Real ij j i V V Y e ij j j i j ij j j q d d Line resistance is neglected so Y ij= Gij + jBij = jBij
- 4. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS i i j ij i j P =åV V B d -d sin( ) Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH i must be sufficiently small i j d -d å å = =+ Ultimately, P = K d + K d + K d i ij j ii i ij j N j i 1 i-1 j 1 or in matrix form P = Kd If P has to be constant, K & d will change from base values This provides the changes in the bus voltage angles Dd = - (K0)-1 DKds
- 5. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS To study single contingencies, we use Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH D Kpp= Kpq DKqq = Kpq D Kpq = - Kpq D K qp= - Kqp Substituting these we get the matrix as = - (K0)-1 (d psDK p+ d psDKq Dd ) pq Changes in line flows due to the loss of line pq given are obtained by substituting the appropriate elements of Ddpq
- 6. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS Z MATRIX METHOD Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH Methods include inverting Y bus matrix and injecting a fictitious current into the bus Converting the MVA loads to impedance loads using Zload i = 2 * i V i S Injecting a unit current, into the bus p which has to be removed ù ú ú ú ú ú ú û é ê ê ê ê ê ê V . . V ë 1 N . = ù ú ú ú ú ú ú û é ê ê ê ê ê ê ë 1P Z NP . . . Z
- 7. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS Ipq can be calculated using the equation Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH V V p q line pq pq Z I - = An adjustment parameter, d, has to be used S pq I pq I d D= Due to the injection lp = d, the new current in other elements d Z Z ( - ) ip jp Z line ij I = pq where ij is not equal to mn
- 8. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS The sought-after current flow changes due to removing line pq are Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH ij ij ij D I = I~ - I for all ij Calculating the current flow pattern in the modified network, in which line pq has been removed, requires only that we inject current I p=d, as before, into the modified network. ù ú ú ú ú ú ú û é ê ê ê ê ê ê ë = ù ú ú ú ú ú ú û é ê ê ê ê ê ê ë N ~ ~ . . . ~ Z Z Z 11 12 1 . . . N N NN ~ V i . . . N Z Z Z V ~ ~ . . . ~ ~ 1 2 ù ú ú ú ú ú ú û 0 é ê ê ê ê ê ê . d 0 ë . = ù ú ú ú ú ú ú û é ê ê ê ê ê ê ë d d p ~ 1 . . Np Z ~ Z . The voltages are
- 9. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS POST CONTINGENCY EQUILLIBRIUM Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH Methods to compute the equilibrium condition immediately following a disturbance to an electric power system Analysis by Integration Analysis by Simultaneous Iteration Analysis by partitioned iteration
- 10. CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS CONCLUSION Methods for evaluating both isolated and interconnected areas Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH Used as an online decision support tool Faster approximate methods for locating potential trouble spots
- 11. Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 Presented by – SIGMA DASH CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS THANK YOU !
Editor's Notes
- The algo in CA uses network parameters to model, calculate & simulate effeeffects of removing equipment from the power system
- or in matrix form if P has to be constant, K & will change from base values
- Substituting these we get the matrix as
- Z MATRIX METHOD
- where ij is not equal to mn
- The voltages are
- faster approximate methods for locating potential trouble spots
- THA