New approaches in ventilator associated pneumonia (vap) management (dr. sameh...Sameh Elhabashy
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) occurs frequently and is associated with significant morbidity in critically ill patients.There is no enough evidence to indicate that VAP is preventable and that hospitals can decrease VAP rates.
VAP is associated with increased lengths of ICU and hospital stay, increased mortality rates, and increased costs.
Analysis of LOS reports demonstrated that VAP was associated with a mean increase in ICU length-of-stay of 6.1 days.
Approximately (50 %) of all antibiotics administered in (ICUs) are for treatment of (VAP ). Therefore this ppt. concerned with; Illustration of (VAP), Epidemiology and Risk factors,Types of (VAP), Causative Pathogenesis, New approaches in diagnosis, Protocols of treatment, Prevention Strategies and (VAP bundle).
Brief description of herbal and dietary protocols for inflammatory bowel disease. Information is provided for education purposes only. All health programs should be monitored by a qualified health professional.
New approaches in ventilator associated pneumonia (vap) management (dr. sameh...Sameh Elhabashy
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) occurs frequently and is associated with significant morbidity in critically ill patients.There is no enough evidence to indicate that VAP is preventable and that hospitals can decrease VAP rates.
VAP is associated with increased lengths of ICU and hospital stay, increased mortality rates, and increased costs.
Analysis of LOS reports demonstrated that VAP was associated with a mean increase in ICU length-of-stay of 6.1 days.
Approximately (50 %) of all antibiotics administered in (ICUs) are for treatment of (VAP ). Therefore this ppt. concerned with; Illustration of (VAP), Epidemiology and Risk factors,Types of (VAP), Causative Pathogenesis, New approaches in diagnosis, Protocols of treatment, Prevention Strategies and (VAP bundle).
Brief description of herbal and dietary protocols for inflammatory bowel disease. Information is provided for education purposes only. All health programs should be monitored by a qualified health professional.
#6 digestive system general maintenance and disordersHome Makers
Sample herbal protocols for general maintenance and healing of the digestive system using herbal products from Inno-Vita and Systemic formulas. This information is for education purposes only and specific programs should be monitored by a qualified health professional.
Ion tracks technology proved to be a precursor to Nanotechnology; a technique used in our Laboratory for almost 25 years, with collaboration of GSI, Darmstadt, Germany.
Brief explanation of dybiosis and leaky gut syndrome. Herbal and dietary recommendations using Inno-Vita formulas. This information is for education purposes only. Herbal programs should be monitored by a qualified health professional.
Most states in the US require separation distances between livestock production/ manure storage facilities and water resources
Iowa, for example, for liquid manure from animal buildings and manure storages requires 150 -300 meters separation
Indicators to Monitor the Effect of Nutrients within the Black Sea Iwl Pcu
The Black Sea is an endangered sea shared by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey & Ukraine. A large basin inhabited by 160 million people from 17 countries. The new GEF assistance is designed to address the three highest priority transboundary problems of the Black Sea (namely eutrophication, discharge of toxic substances including oil, loss of critical benthic habitats and wetlands) and to highlight emerging ones.
#6 digestive system general maintenance and disordersHome Makers
Sample herbal protocols for general maintenance and healing of the digestive system using herbal products from Inno-Vita and Systemic formulas. This information is for education purposes only and specific programs should be monitored by a qualified health professional.
Ion tracks technology proved to be a precursor to Nanotechnology; a technique used in our Laboratory for almost 25 years, with collaboration of GSI, Darmstadt, Germany.
Brief explanation of dybiosis and leaky gut syndrome. Herbal and dietary recommendations using Inno-Vita formulas. This information is for education purposes only. Herbal programs should be monitored by a qualified health professional.
Most states in the US require separation distances between livestock production/ manure storage facilities and water resources
Iowa, for example, for liquid manure from animal buildings and manure storages requires 150 -300 meters separation
Indicators to Monitor the Effect of Nutrients within the Black Sea Iwl Pcu
The Black Sea is an endangered sea shared by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey & Ukraine. A large basin inhabited by 160 million people from 17 countries. The new GEF assistance is designed to address the three highest priority transboundary problems of the Black Sea (namely eutrophication, discharge of toxic substances including oil, loss of critical benthic habitats and wetlands) and to highlight emerging ones.
2. PPoosstt--ooppeerraattiivvee ssppiinnaall iinnffeeccttiioonn
ffoolllloowwiinngg iinnssttrruummeennttaattiioonn aanndd
ffuussiioonn iiss aa ppootteennttiiaallllyy
ddeevvaassttaattiinngg ccoommpplliiccaattiioonn,
rreeppoorrttiinngg iinn tthhee lliitteerraattuurree ffrroomm
00..77%% ttoo 1111..99%%
IInnffeeccttiioonn ppllaacceess tthhee ppaattiieenntt aatt
rriisskk ffoorr::
– PPsseeuuddaarrtthhrroossiiss
– AAddvveerrssee nneeuurroollooggiicc sseeqquueellaaee
– PPoooorr oouuttccoommee -- DDeeaatthh Abey DM et al J. Spinal Disord. 1995
Glassman SD et al Spine 1996
Levi ADO et al J. Neurosurg. 1997
Roberts FJ et al Spine 1998
3. T he administration ooff pprroopphhyyllaaccttiicc
aannttiibbiioottiiccss ddeeccrreeaasseess tthhee iinnffeeccttiioonn
rraattee iinn ssppiinnaall ssuurrggeerryy
Rimoldi RL et al Orthop. Clin North Am 1996
Rubinstein E. et al J.B.J.S. (B) 1994
TThhee uussee ooff iinnssttrruummeennttaattiioonn
iinnccrreeaasseess tthhee rriisskk ffoorr iinnffeeccttiioonn
Cappen DA et al Orthop. Clin North Am 1996
Massie JB et al C. O. R.R., 1992
Knapp DR et al C. O. R.R. 1988
11. MMeettaall ccoorrrroossiioonn
galvanic corrosion
different metals
fretting corrosion
same metals in micro-movement
crevice corrosion
metals in different electrolytic fluids
40. Severe surgical site infection after posterior thoracolumbar ffuussiioonn
Extensive granulation tissue
(use of the VAC system)
Rotational muscle flap
42. Retrospective study o f 850 patients,
who were operated with spinal fusion
Posterior instrumentation
Combined anterior-posterior instrumentation
Sapkas G, Eur. J. Orth. Surg. Traum. 2006
44. A retrospective analysis was performed to
identify :
Initial diagnosis
Demographic characteristics
Pre-operative risk factors
Type of spinal surgery
Onset of the symptoms
Clinical presentation
Management (laboratory test, imaging,
treatment)
46. The incidence of
Postoperative Spinal
Infection (PSI)
was
2,47%
21/850 pts
9 male /12 female
Mean age 49 years (23-76)
47. RREESSUULLTTSS
Early PSI (<3 months post-op)
19 patients
14 superficial - 5 deep
Onset: 19th day (7-85)
Symptoms: fever, low back pain,
swelling, drainage(90%)
Late PSI (>3 months post-op)
2 patients
Onset: 1,5 and 2 years post-op
Symptoms: low back pain,
swelling, drainage
48. RRIISSKK FFAACCTTOORRSS
All patients had at least
1 risk factor
(mean: 1,87)
DDiiaabbeetteess Mellitus 7
Immunosuppression-Malignancy 6
Obesity 6
Tabacco use 6
Revision spine surgery 4
Long time hospitalization 2
Prolonged time of surgery 3
52. RREESSUULLTTSS
12 months after initiation
of the treatment
Free of symptoms 18 patients - 86%
(pain relief-neurological improvement-no
disabilities)
Eradication of the infection (ESR-CRP)
in all patients 100%
Solid spinal fusion was achieved
in 19 patients (90%)
2 patients with early deep infection
eventually developed pseudarthrosis
Γιατί χρειάζεται αυτή η προστατευτική επεξεργασόια
Σημαντικο να θυμηθουμε ο΄τι οι επιφανειακέσ αλλοιώσεισ υλικών προέρχονται από πολλαπλούσ μηχανισμούσ
Και ότι τα παραπανω φαινόμενα μπορεί να λαμβανουν χωρα ταυτοχρονα
…..και διαφορετικής τελικής επιφάνειας : passivated versus anodised