IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Pneumatic control valve
Actual Pneumatic Control Valve
Typical Actuator & Valve
introduction to actuator
Actuator power
Actuator Fluids
Diaphragm Actuator
Positioner Indicator
Valve Body
Valve Plugs
Reverse & Direct Actuators
Air-To-Open vs. Air-To-Close
control valve
Controller Tuning
Selection of controller modes
Tuning Rules
Ziegler – Nichols Controller Settings
Ls catalog thiet bi dien tri mec_alts_catalog_e_0807_dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
This Course basics of instrumentation and control systems used in oil and gas and petrochemical industry,
The course the following topics
Basics of Instrumentation
Field Instruments
Control Valves
Process Control
Control systems
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Affinity Laws for Variable Speed Centrifugal PumpsVijay Sarathy
In retrofit jobs, depending on the application & plant revamps, fixed speed pumps are retrofitted with a variable frequency drive (VFD) to enable them to be operated at a different set of operating conditions. In Brownfield projects, design engineers would sometimes face situations where the manufacturer's datasheets indicate performance curves only for rated speeds & it becomes necessary to evaluate what are the other operating ranges the same pump can be used for after retrofitting.
In the following short article, I've put up some points covering
1. Advantages of Variable Frequency Drives
2. When VFD’s Are Not Advantageous
3. Selection Process - New Pumps & Retrofit Pumps
4. Example Case Study to generate Performance Curves for VSD Retrofit (Single Stage End Suction Centrifugal Pump)
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR SETTLE OUT CONDITIONS TUTORIALVijay Sarathy
Centrifugal Compressors are a preferred choice in gas transportation industry, mainly due to their ability to cater to varying loads. In the event of a compressor shutdown as a planned event, i.e., normal shutdown (NSD), the anti-surge valve is opened to recycle gas from the discharge back to the suction (thereby moving the operating point away from the surge line) and the compressor is tripped via the driver (electric motor or Gas turbine / Steam Turbine). In the case of an unplanned event, i.e., emergency shutdown such as power failure, the compressor trips first followed by the anti-surge valve opening. In doing so, the gas content in the suction side & discharge side mix.
Therefore, settle out conditions is explained as the equilibrium pressure and temperature reached in the compressor piping and equipment volume following a compressor shutdown
Research of Turbine Flowmeter Performance under the condition of Low TemperatureIJRES Journal
This paper mainly studied the impeller affecting the performance of turbine flowmeter measurement
under the condition of low temperature -25℃, through the test method, analyzing the impeller affecting the
performance of turbine flowmeter measurement under the conditions of different temperature.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Pneumatic control valve
Actual Pneumatic Control Valve
Typical Actuator & Valve
introduction to actuator
Actuator power
Actuator Fluids
Diaphragm Actuator
Positioner Indicator
Valve Body
Valve Plugs
Reverse & Direct Actuators
Air-To-Open vs. Air-To-Close
control valve
Controller Tuning
Selection of controller modes
Tuning Rules
Ziegler – Nichols Controller Settings
Ls catalog thiet bi dien tri mec_alts_catalog_e_0807_dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
This Course basics of instrumentation and control systems used in oil and gas and petrochemical industry,
The course the following topics
Basics of Instrumentation
Field Instruments
Control Valves
Process Control
Control systems
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Affinity Laws for Variable Speed Centrifugal PumpsVijay Sarathy
In retrofit jobs, depending on the application & plant revamps, fixed speed pumps are retrofitted with a variable frequency drive (VFD) to enable them to be operated at a different set of operating conditions. In Brownfield projects, design engineers would sometimes face situations where the manufacturer's datasheets indicate performance curves only for rated speeds & it becomes necessary to evaluate what are the other operating ranges the same pump can be used for after retrofitting.
In the following short article, I've put up some points covering
1. Advantages of Variable Frequency Drives
2. When VFD’s Are Not Advantageous
3. Selection Process - New Pumps & Retrofit Pumps
4. Example Case Study to generate Performance Curves for VSD Retrofit (Single Stage End Suction Centrifugal Pump)
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR SETTLE OUT CONDITIONS TUTORIALVijay Sarathy
Centrifugal Compressors are a preferred choice in gas transportation industry, mainly due to their ability to cater to varying loads. In the event of a compressor shutdown as a planned event, i.e., normal shutdown (NSD), the anti-surge valve is opened to recycle gas from the discharge back to the suction (thereby moving the operating point away from the surge line) and the compressor is tripped via the driver (electric motor or Gas turbine / Steam Turbine). In the case of an unplanned event, i.e., emergency shutdown such as power failure, the compressor trips first followed by the anti-surge valve opening. In doing so, the gas content in the suction side & discharge side mix.
Therefore, settle out conditions is explained as the equilibrium pressure and temperature reached in the compressor piping and equipment volume following a compressor shutdown
Research of Turbine Flowmeter Performance under the condition of Low TemperatureIJRES Journal
This paper mainly studied the impeller affecting the performance of turbine flowmeter measurement
under the condition of low temperature -25℃, through the test method, analyzing the impeller affecting the
performance of turbine flowmeter measurement under the conditions of different temperature.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Optimization of workload prediction based on map reduce frame work in a cloud...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Microstructure analysis of steel 85 & al 7050 for cold expanded holeseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Behavior of square footing resting on reinforced sand subjected to incrementa...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Control of inverters to support bidirectional power flow in grid connected sy...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical analysis of influence of deep excavation on nearby existing tunneleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Text independent speaker recognition using combined lpc and mfc coefficientseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Prediction of tool wear during turning of en9 work material against coated ca...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Computational analysis of effect of stacking orientation on low velocity impa...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of energy use intensity in a design build frameworkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Position characterization of electro pneumatic closed loop control valveeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents position characterization of an Electro-pneumatic closed loop control valve BOSCH 0 820 040 001. The experimental measurements carried out gives pressure gain and the precise position repetition accuracy. A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) program is developed in ladder logic using IndraLogic L20 software of Rexroth Bosch to determine position repetition accuracy. Keywords— Electro-Pneumatic closed loop control valve, Pressure gain, Precise Position, Repetition accuracy, PLC
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Open switch fault diagnosis in three phase inverter using diagnostic variable...eSAT Journals
The reliability of power electronics system such as three phase inverter is important in various applications. Different types of faults occur in it, which may influence the operation of system. Such faults require unexpected maintenance, which increases the cost of manufacturing. Therefore fault diagnosis of such devices plays vital role in industry. One possible fault that occurs in inverter is an open switch fault. This paper provides a new technique based on diagnostic variable which detects single as well as multiple open switch fault in three phase inverter. In this method, diagnostic variables are used to detect faulty phase. Along with these diagnostic variables, an average current of three phase inverter is used for the detection of single as well as multiple faulty switches. Key Words: Power electronics, open switch fault, diagnostic variables.
Implementation and control of integral cycle controller for resistance spot w...eSAT Journals
Abstract: The Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) process requires simultaneous application of high electrical current and appropriate pressure over short periods in order to keep the molten material inside the weld zone. Values of these parameters vary in function of the characteristics of the materials to be welded. The application of the electrical current is by means of two copper electrodes brought in contact with the welded parts while the required pressure is applied by means of pneumatic or hydraulic systems. This paper presents the simulation, design, and control of resistance welding system which is used for performing a welding process. The paper is discussed about two aspects. First, simulation of the concept of ICC used for the specific application of RSW. Secondly, the critical factor and method employed for the implementation of the controller. This paper also discuss about the implementation methodology of the RSW. The simulation for the RSW is carried out in PROTEUS software.
Index Word: Constant Current Feedback, Integral Cycle Control (ICC), Resistance Spot Welding, Sequential Timer.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Unity power factor control by pwm rectifiereSAT Journals
Abstract This paper analyzes the principle of PWM rectifier and presents a unity power factor control method of PWM rectifier. Controller used double closed-loop PI control, which inner uses three-phase input current control method controlled by unity power factor and outer controls the output DC voltage of rectifier. Voltage phase detection methods which proposed could eliminate the affection of the voltage harmonics on phase detection accuracy. The result of the simulation and experiment verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. Keywords- PWM, rectifier, unity power factor, filter
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair.pdf
Position characterization of electro pneumatic closed
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 616
POSITION CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CLOSED
LOOP CONTROL VALVE
Nataraj G.S1
, Shanmukha Nagaraj2
, Keshav M 3
, Prakash K.R.4
1,2,3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore-59,
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Engineering, Mysore
nataraj.gsn@gmail.com, shan.nagaraj@gmail.com, keshav.manjunath@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper presents position characterization of an Electro-pneumatic closed loop control valve BOSCH 0 820 040 001. The
experimental measurements carried out gives pressure gain and the precise position repetition accuracy. A Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC) program is developed in ladder logic using IndraLogic L20 software of Rexroth Bosch to determine position
repetition accuracy.
Keywords— Electro-Pneumatic closed loop control valve, Pressure gain, Precise Position, Repetition accuracy, PLC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The increased automation of small and medium-size series
production calls for more flexibility of pneumatic drives. This
frequently involves the demand for a stop in any number of
intermediate positions between the limit positions or the
setting of any forces/ torques and/or the linear or angular
velocity using the fluidic quantities of pressure and volumetric
flow rate, respectively. At the same time, the required
repetition accuracies for the quantities mentioned above must
be met since most of the processes are performed cyclically.
Due to the compressibility of air, positioning tasks with
switch-off controls (open control loop system) do not yield
any satisfactory results in terms of positioning accuracy. The
development of highly dynamic continuous valves (regulating
valves with flow/directional control properties, continuous
pressure valves) used in conjunction with a measuring system
for actual value measurements and electronic regulators in a
closed control loop results in free positioning as well as
pressure and velocity control in production technology and
thus also opens new application fields for pneumatics which
had so far been reserved to electric or hydraulic drives [1,2].
When the PLC outputs a switching signal, the valve is
operated and the piston rod advances. When the signal is
switched off, the valve takes on the closed neutral position
because of the spring force, thus closing the parts of the
cylinder. The piston is held in position by the air columns in
the two cylinder chamber. The length of the travelling path
can be controlled for a given travel speed by the duration of
the control impulse programmed in the PLC so that different
positions can be approached [3].
The continuous valve differs from a switching valve
(directional control valve) which will take on not only two
defined statuses (e.g. open and closed), but it will take on any
desired intermediate position between the limit positions. The
valve was capable of converting a continuous change in an
input signal into a continuous change in output variable i.e. the
relationship exists between the input voltage ‘U’ and the flow
rate ‘Q’ or the input voltage ‘U’ and the output pressure ‘P’.
2. CLOSED LOOP CONTROL VALVE DETAILS
BOSCH 0 820 040 001 is a 5/4 way Electro-pneumatic closed
Loop Control Valve, with electrically controlled with 5/3 way
valve characteristics shown in Fig. 1. The valve has an
additional fourth switching position as fail-position, which is
assumed when the solenoid is de-energized.
Fig 1 Photograph of Electro-Pneumatic Closed Loop Control
Valve
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @
The opening cross-section of the valve changed across the
whole length of the valve slide path ‘y’ using an electrical
input signal (command value voltage U= -
neutral position.
The regulating valve controlled by a valve amplifier. The
electronics basically comprises the following assemblies.
• Position regulation of the valve slide.
• Power supply for solenoid control.
Monitoring and diagnostic functions (e.g. for cable break
monitoring). The supply voltage is 24 VDC, the power input
totals max 35VA.
3. EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION
RESULTS
The pressure gain characteristic [4] measures the quality of the
zero overlap or the tightness of the valve in neutral position is
reflected by the pressure gain. The percentage gain indicates
which percentage of the maximum command value signal is
required in order to obtain a differential pressure of 80% of the
system pressure at the closed ports. The pressure gain is an
important parameter for the rigidity of the drive and its range
of inversion.
Fig. 2 shows the testing device used for measuring the
Characteristics of pressure gain. The Experimental procedure
consists of recording command value range ±0.5 v.
carrying out the measurements, set the pneumatic zero point
with U=0 v the pressure at valve ports P2 and
identical. For this purpose, first turn the command value
potentiometer until the digital voltmeter displays 0v. If the
pressure gauges show different values for port
adjust the ‘null-input’ potentiometer at the valve amplifier
board until the pressures are identical. Fig. 3
pressure characteristic measured at the regulating
Fig. 2 Testing Device
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
section of the valve changed across the
whole length of the valve slide path ‘y’ using an electrical
-10v>0>+10) U=0
controlled by a valve amplifier. The
electronics basically comprises the following assemblies.
Position regulation of the valve slide.
itoring and diagnostic functions (e.g. for cable break
monitoring). The supply voltage is 24 VDC, the power input
EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION
measures the quality of the
or the tightness of the valve in neutral position is
reflected by the pressure gain. The percentage gain indicates
which percentage of the maximum command value signal is
required in order to obtain a differential pressure of 80% of the
the closed ports. The pressure gain is an
important parameter for the rigidity of the drive and its range
shows the testing device used for measuring the desired
The Experimental procedure
f recording command value range ±0.5 v. Before
carrying out the measurements, set the pneumatic zero point
2 and P4 must be
identical. For this purpose, first turn the command value
ltmeter displays 0v. If the
pressure gauges show different values for port P2 and P4,
input’ potentiometer at the valve amplifier
Fig. 3 shows the
pressure characteristic measured at the regulating valve.
Fig. 3 Pressure Gain Characteristic
Fig. 4 shows an equipment flow
experimental procedure consists
positions precisely. The position were assumed and
maintained precisely with different loads. The cylinder was
initially operated without the 2 kg additional mass. For
assessing the position accuracy it is useful to first record the
stroke characteristic.
The measuring device was attached to the cylinder for this
purpose. The pressure transducer cable was disconnected for
measuring the position characteristics.
Produce a command value jump with the command value
input module. Select command
6.5v. With these command values it can be ensured that the
cylinder movement takes place outside the limit position
cushioning and is therefore not influenced by it. Since some
parameter setting results in certain instability of
loop control, limit position deceleration must be in effect to
avoid damages to the cylinder. When the control
becomes instable, the enable signal must be turned off. The
regulating valve will immediately assume its fail
and the cylinder is stopped
Fig. 4 An Equipment Flow sheet of Position C
eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
617
Pressure Gain Characteristic
quipment flow sheet of position control. The
experimental procedure consists of approaching two different
positions precisely. The position were assumed and
maintained precisely with different loads. The cylinder was
initially operated without the 2 kg additional mass. For
assessing the position accuracy it is useful to first record the
The measuring device was attached to the cylinder for this
purpose. The pressure transducer cable was disconnected for
measuring the position characteristics.
Produce a command value jump with the command value
input module. Select command values Uc1 = 2.5v and Uc2 =
6.5v. With these command values it can be ensured that the
cylinder movement takes place outside the limit position
cushioning and is therefore not influenced by it. Since some
parameter setting results in certain instability of the closed-
loop control, limit position deceleration must be in effect to
avoid damages to the cylinder. When the control-loop
becomes instable, the enable signal must be turned off. The
regulating valve will immediately assume its fail-safe position,
the cylinder is stopped.
An Equipment Flow sheet of Position Control.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @
Fig. 5 Cylinder Stroke without additional mass
Fig. 6 Cylinder Stroke with additional mass
From Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 it was clear that the additional mass has
no influence on the stroke characteristics and there is a linear
relation.
Position Control Using PLC
The characteristics Uactual = f (h)
Uactual = k1 * h
k1 = 10 v/200 mm
= 0.05 v/mm.
The voltage distance between 2 command values is 0.0392v
This means an achievable minimum distance of 200mm/255 =
0.784 mm between neighbouring positions.
The PLC program was developed in Ladder Diagram
Language using Indra LogicL20 software. The cylinder should
approach all the positions according to command value
starting 0.039v to 10v and return to home position. The
positioning accuracy of ±1.0mm is required. The cylinder
driver is to maintain for 5s in each one of the position
approached.
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
Cylinder Stroke without additional mass
Cylinder Stroke with additional mass
it was clear that the additional mass has
no influence on the stroke characteristics and there is a linear
between 2 command values is 0.0392v.
This means an achievable minimum distance of 200mm/255 =
The PLC program was developed in Ladder Diagram
The cylinder should
the positions according to command value
starting 0.039v to 10v and return to home position. The
positioning accuracy of ±1.0mm is required. The cylinder
driver is to maintain for 5s in each one of the position
Fig. 7 Repetition Accuracy w
Fig. 8 Repetition Accuracy
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the graph
length of the cylinder without additional mass
command value jump from
it is clear that the command value jump
the stroke length.
Fig.9 Repetition Accuracy with additional mass (2 to 3.5v)
eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
618
Repetition Accuracy without additional mass (2 to 3.5v)
Repetition Accuracy without additional mass (8 to 6.5v)
the graph of number of trials and stroke
of the cylinder without additional mass for the
command value jump from 2v to 8v. From the Fig.7 and Fig.8
it is clear that the command value jump has no influence on
Repetition Accuracy with additional mass (2 to 3.5v)
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @
Fig.10 Repetition Accuracy with additional mass (8 to 6.5v)
Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show the graph of number of trials and
stroke length of the cylinder with additional mass
command value jump from 2v to 8v. From the Fig.7 and Fig.8
it is clear that the command value jump and additional mass 2
kg has no influence on the stroke length and repetition
accuracy of position.
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper position characterisation of 5/4 way electro
pneumatic closed loop control valve from the BOSCH
company presented. The experimental measurement carried
out for a characterization of pressure gain and position
repetition accuracy proved the command value jump from 2v
to 8v and additional mass 2 kg has no influence on the stroke
length and repetition accuracy of position.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank M.S.Santosh Rexroth BOSCH, Bangalore fo
guiding us throughout the dissertation work.
We also thank Prof. R.S. Kulkarni, Head of the Department,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering R.V.C.E, Bang
kind support held out by him.
REFERENCES
[1] Osama. Olaby, Xavier. Brun, Sylvie. Sesmat,
Redarce and Eric. Bideaux, characterization and
modeling of a proportional valve for control synthesis,
Proceedings of the 6th JFPS international symposium
on fluid power, 3d1-1 2005, pp 771-776
[2] Saravanan Rajendran, Robert W.Bolton, Position
Control of a Servopneumatic Actuator using Fuzzy
Compensation, American Society for Engineering
Education Annual Conference & Exposition,
Proceedings of the 2003. pp 123-125
[3] Zelijko Situm, Tihomir Zilic and Mario Essert, high
Speed Solenoid Valves in Pneumatic
Applications, Proceedings of the 15th Mediterranean
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
Repetition Accuracy with additional mass (8 to 6.5v)
show the graph of number of trials and
additional mass 2 kg for the
v. From the Fig.7 and Fig.8
and additional mass 2
ke length and repetition
of 5/4 way electro
pneumatic closed loop control valve from the BOSCH
company presented. The experimental measurement carried
pressure gain and position
command value jump from 2v
to 8v and additional mass 2 kg has no influence on the stroke
We thank M.S.Santosh Rexroth BOSCH, Bangalore for
thank Prof. R.S. Kulkarni, Head of the Department,
anical Engineering R.V.C.E, Bangalore for the
Osama. Olaby, Xavier. Brun, Sylvie. Sesmat, Tanneguy.
Redarce and Eric. Bideaux, characterization and
modeling of a proportional valve for control synthesis,
Proceedings of the 6th JFPS international symposium
776
Saravanan Rajendran, Robert W.Bolton, Position
rol of a Servopneumatic Actuator using Fuzzy
Compensation, American Society for Engineering
Education Annual Conference & Exposition,
Zelijko Situm, Tihomir Zilic and Mario Essert, high
Speed Solenoid Valves in Pneumatic Servo
Applications, Proceedings of the 15th Mediterranean
Conference on Control and Automation, July 27
2007. pp 34-38.
[4] Osama. Olaby, Xavier. Brun, Sylvie. Sesmat, Tanneguy.
Redarce and Eric. Bideaux, characterization and
modeling of a proportional va
Proceedings of the 6th JFPS international symposium
on fluid power, 3d1-
eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
619
Conference on Control and Automation, July 27-29,
Osama. Olaby, Xavier. Brun, Sylvie. Sesmat, Tanneguy.
Redarce and Eric. Bideaux, characterization and
modeling of a proportional valve for control synthesis,
Proceedings of the 6th JFPS international symposium
-1 2005, pp 771-776.