Population Control and Related Health Programmes by M.Sc Nursing student of M.M.College of Nursing,Mullana (Ambala) in community health nursing speciality
Population policy in general refers to policies intended to decrease the birth rate or growth rate.
Statement of goals, objectives and targets are inherent in the population policy.
History
National Population Policy 2000
Objectives
National Socio-Demographic Goals
Conclusion
Population policy in general refers to policies intended to decrease the birth rate or growth rate.
Statement of goals, objectives and targets are inherent in the population policy.
History
National Population Policy 2000
Objectives
National Socio-Demographic Goals
Conclusion
Population explosion is the phenomenon of the size of a population tending to a very large number in a finite interval of time is called population explosion i.e., rapid increase in population for a long time may be termed as "population explosion".
Birth rate is much higher than the death rate for long time may lead to population explosion.
The literal meaning of population is "the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region".
The main factors affecting the population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration.
Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality.
The population change is calculated by the formula:
Population change = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)
Population explosion or overpopulation refers to a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat.
Every sixth person on globe today is every Indian.
India adds about 10 lakh persons to its population every fortnight.
India adds one Australia every eight months.
By 2045 or earlier, India would overtake china as the world's most populous country.
49% of the increase in India's population is from four states Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, UP.
Population explosion is the phenomenon of the size of a population tending to a very large number in a finite interval of time is called population explosion i.e., rapid increase in population for a long time may be termed as "population explosion".
Birth rate is much higher than the death rate for long time may lead to population explosion.
The literal meaning of population is "the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region".
The main factors affecting the population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration.
Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality.
The population change is calculated by the formula:
Population change = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)
Population explosion or overpopulation refers to a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat.
Every sixth person on globe today is every Indian.
India adds about 10 lakh persons to its population every fortnight.
India adds one Australia every eight months.
By 2045 or earlier, India would overtake china as the world's most populous country.
49% of the increase in India's population is from four states Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, UP.
This is what I presented to a number of Bureaucrats in 2008-2009 on Why Population Control / Population Optimization is necessary. This presentation is the tip of the iceberg problem we face today.
PPT ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, empowerment,india, ppt on women empowerment,women,women empowerment,rights, women rights, powerpoint presentation on women empowerment, women empowerment in India, government policies on women empowerment
Polygyny and family planning programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: representation...Ernestina Coast
Corker, J. & E. Coast (2011) "Polygyny and family planning programs in sub-Saharan Africa: representation and reality" To be presented at 2011 International Conference in Family Planning, Nov 29th - Dec 2nd, Dakar, Senegal
growth and development says the factors affecting a child growth.. it also describes how to measura a childs growth..scammons growth curve & cephalocaudal variant of growth is added..
The rapid increase in population over a relatively short period is called population explosion.
“Development is the best contraceptive,” made by Dr Karan Singh at the World Population Conference in Bucharest in 1974, highlighted a change of thinking and the need for a more balanced approach to population control.
“Clinicians should proactively talk to their patients of reproductive age about ECPs and offer advance prescriptions for ECPs during routine gynecologic office visits….”
Assessment of the child's health from birth to adolescence, methods of assessment of both physical ad psychological status of child, psychological tests etc.
Evolution of National Family Planning Programme (NFPP) and National Populatio...Dr Kumaravel
This presentation discuss the evolution of India's National Family Planning Program and National Population Policy 2000, significant impact of 1994 Cairo conference on country's Reproductive health approach.
NPP National population policyAfter independence the first objective of India...AKHILAPK2
After independence the first objective of Indian government was economic and social development. In economic and social development, government focus on to create the choices for the people to enhance the wellbeing of the population.
In 1952 India was first country in the world who launch the family planning program to decrease the birth rates.
A positive population policy which aims at reducing the birth rate and ultimately stabilising the growth rate of population.
In India, where the majority of people are illiterate, fatalist, and custom-ridden, and do not believe in family planning, only the government’s initiative can help in controlling population growth.
India is the most populous country in the world with one-sixth of the world's population.
The estimated total population in India amounted to approximately 1.42 billion people.
The current population of India is 1,433,840,754 as of Friday, November 24, 2023.
India the population is equivalent to 17.76% of the total world population.
India ranks number 1 in the list of countries by population.
Stabilizing population is an essential requirement for promoting sustainable development with more equitable distribution.India the population is equivalent to 17.76% of the total world population.
India ranks number 1 in the list of countries by population.
Stabilizing population is an essential requirement for promoting sustainable development with more equitable distribution.
India the population is equivalent to 17.76% of the total world population.
India ranks number 1 in the list of countries by population.
Stabilizing population is an essential requirement for promoting sustainable development with more equitable distribution.
Major Causes:
Early marriage
Poverty and illiteracy
Age old cultural norm
Illegal migration
Effects:
Unemployment
Depletion of Natural Resources
High Cost of Living
Degradation of Environment
Conflicts and Wars
Pressure on infrastructure
Fragmentation of land
Government of India has accepted the National population policy on 15th February 2000.
According to this policy, stabilization of population is very important to ensure continuous growth ,socioeconomic development and quality life.
Reproduction and child health has been given an important place in this policy.There are three types of objectives for National Population Policy (NPP) 2000:
1. The Immediate Objective:
Paying attention to the short supply of contraceptives and unfulfilled demands of health system and health workers.
Arranging service organizations and supplies needed to look after the basic reproductive and child health care.
2. The Medium-Term Objective:
The medium-term objective is to bring the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to replacement level by 2010 .
3. The Long-Term Objective:
Stabilizing the population by the year 2045,according to stable economic growth ,social development and environment safety.
Socio Demographic Targets: Paying attention to the reproductive and child health, health
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
2. India is the second most populous country of the
world. The current population is 1.27 billion (In
2014). It is also one of India’s biggest problems –
burdening and straining the nation’s resources.
India is poised to overtake China as the world’s
most populated nation in the next few decades.
3. Population
A Population is a summation of all the organisms of
the same group or species, which live in the
same geographical area, and have the capability of
interbreeding.
Human population control
Human population control is the practice of
artificially altering the rate of growth of a human
population.
9. To obtain an accurate picture of the
factors which contribute to a rapid
increase of population;
To gain a full understanding of
human fertility and the means of
regulating it;
To device speedy ways of education
of the public.
10. To make family planning counseling an
integral part of the services in hospitals and
health centers.
Less overcrowding especially in the major
coastal cities.
11. The factors which promote fertility
include :
Age of marriage
Duration of married life
Socio-cultural aspects
Place of woman in society
The education
Economic status
12. Social policies pertain to age at marriage, education,
economic developments, and gender sensitivity for
woman status, participation of woman in labor
force.
Child marriage restraint Act of 1978: to increase the
legal age for marriage for girls from 15-18 years and
for boys 18-21 years .
Compulsory elementary education for all.
13. Temporary sterilization
*Barrier methods
A) Physical methods
B) Chemical methods
C) Combined methods
*Intra-uterine methods
*Hormonal methods
*Post-conception methods
*Miscellaneous
These methods are reversible
methods.
14. *Male sterilization-male sterilization is also
called vasectomy.
The vasectomy-is customary to remove a piece
of vas deferens.
*Female sterilization-female sterilization is
known as tubectomy .
In this procedure ligation of fallopian tube.
15. The compulsory sterilization after two child norm
made by Indira Gandhi in early 1970s.She give a
slogan ”Hum Do Ham are Do”. Facilities offered
by government to its employees are limited to two
children only.
Only those with two or fewer children are eligible
for election to a Gram panchayat, or local
government.
16. India is first country which adopted an official
family planning in first five year plan 1950.
Small family norms and the practices of family
planning.
This was advocate in 1980 and targeted to be
achieved by the year 2000 AD.
17. Basic human rights- Teheran in 1968
Rise in Per-capita income
Urbanization and Industrialization
Late marriage
Lowering Infant Mortality Rate
Spread of Education
Woman education and employment
Incentives and publicity
Legislation
18. National population Policy-
2000
National Family welfare
programme- 1951
Postpartum Programme-
1969
National population
commission-2005
19. In April 1976 India formed National population policy. In
this policy:
Increasing legal minimum age of marriage from 15-18
for females and 18-21 years for males.
The statement of policy was modify in 1977- the
importance of the small family norm without
compulsion.
The national health policy had set a demographic goal
of achieving a Net Reproductive rate by the year 2000.
New National population policy 2000 is a more than
matter of fertility and mortality rates.
20. To bring the TFR to replacement level of 2010 and
now 2017.
Total fertility rate: 2.51 children born/woman
(2014)
Address the unmet needs for basic reproductive
and child health services, supplies and
infrastructure.
Make school education up to 14 years free and
compulsory.
21. Reduce the infant mortality rate to below 30 per
1000 live birth
Infant mortality rate:
Total: 43.19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 41.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 44.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2014)
Achieve universal immunization of children.
22. Reduce maternal mortality rate to below 100/10000 live
birth.
In 2010- 220
In 2013- 190
Promote delayed marriage age for girls, after 20.
Achieve 80% institutional deliveries and 100%
deliveries by trained persons.
Achieve 100% registration of births, deaths,
marriage and pregnancy.
Prevent and control communicable diseases.
Promote small family norms.
23. India launched the National Family Welfare
Programme in 1951 with the objective of
"reducing the birth rate to the extent
necessary to stabilize the population at a level
consistent with the requirement of the
National economy.”
24. The approach under the programme during the
First and Second Five Year Plans was mainly
"Clinical" under which facilities for provision of
services were created
It was replaced by "Extension and Education
Approach" which envisaged expansion of
services
Facilities along with spread of message of small
family norm.
25. It was proposed to reduce birth rate from 35/1000 to
32/1000 by the end of plan.
16.5 million Couples, constituting about 16.5% of
the couples in the reproductive age group, were
protected against conception by the end of IVth
Plan.
26. To bring down the birth rate to 30/1000 by 1979.
Increasing integration of family planning
services.
Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and their
Nutrition.
The years 1975-76 and 1976-77 recorded a
phenomenal increase in performance of
sterilization.
The name of the programme also was changed
to “Family Welfare from Family Planning”.
27. Certain long-term demographic goals of reaching
net reproduction rate of unity were envisaged.
VII five year plan (1985-90):
Emphasis on promoting spacing methods,
securing maximum community participation
Promoting maternal and child health care.
28. The approach adopted during the Seventh
Five Year Plan was continued during 1990-92
for effective community participation,
Mahila Swasthya Sangh (MSS) at village
level was constituted in 1990-91.
29. Several new initiatives were introduced and ongoing
schemes were revamped in this plan.
Realizing that Government efforts alone in
propagating and motivating the people for
adaptation of small family norm would not be
sufficient, greater stress has been laid on the
involvement of NGOs to supplement and
complement the Government efforts.
30. OBJECTIVES :
Reduction in the population growth rate
The strategies are:
To assess the needs for reproductive and child high
quality.
Integrated reproductive and child health care
reducing the infant and maternal morbidity and
mortality resulting in a reduction in the desired level
of fertility.
31. Director of Family Welfare is responsible
for planning, co-coordinating, monitoring,
supervising and evaluating activities with
other agencies of Delhi Govt. including NGO’s
in the primary health care activities.
32. To facilitate provision of antenatal and natal
services to pregnant women.
To facilitate implementation of Post partum
program.
To facilitate provision of family planning services .
Implementation of UIP (Universal Immunization
Program).
Surveillance of VPD (Vaccine Preventable
Diseases) Services.
33. Implementation of Pulse Polio Program.
Implementation of PC & PNDT (Pre conception &
Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act 1994
Prevention of Sex Selection) and MTP (Medical
Termination of Pregnancy) Act.
Co-ordination and execution of IEC (Information
Education and Commission)activities through Mass
Education Media.
Procurement of State Specific vaccines .
34. To monitor performance and quality of family
welfare activities by NGO’s
Facilitate provision of Adolescent Health
Services in the state of Delhi.
RCH trainings by the H&FW Training Centre
to update knowledge & skills.
35. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): Existing 104 per lakh
live births (CRS 2012, to be less than 100 by 2015 & less
than 75 by 2017).
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): Existing 1.8 (CRS 2011,
TFR corresponding to replacement level of population
being 2.1).
Sex Ratio at birth which was 809 (CRS 2001) and is 886
(CRS 2012) is planned to be brought up to 925 by 2015,
935 by 2017 and 954 by 2020.
36. The National Family Welfare Programme
provides the following contraceptive services
for spacing births:
a) Condoms
b) Oral Contraceptive Pill
c) Intra Uterine Devices (IUD)
37. Family welfare service is voluntary.
Family welfare programme will provide
comprehensive maternal and child health services
and also family planning service.
For creating awareness ,information, Education and
communication will be used effectively.
Popular and easily available family planning services
will be provided free of cost.
38. An All India hospital Postpartum
Programme was introduced in 1969.
It is a hospital –based, maternity centered
approach to family planning.
39. The postpartum period is commonly
understood as the first six weeks or 40 days
(depending on the culture) after the birth of
a child, when the woman’s uterus has largely
returned to its pre-pregnancy state.
40. Benefits to women, children, and health systems.
Women need information and services, including a
range of family planning methods,
throughout the maternal cycle, including the
postpartum period.
Postpartum family planning can be integrated into
other programs, including programs to prevent
and manage HIV.
41. To improve the mother and children through
MCH and family Welfare programme which
includes antenatal, neonatal and postnatal
services.
Immunization services to children and
mothers and prophylaxis against anaemia
and blindness.
42. In 1952, India was the first country in
the world to launch a national programme,
emphasizing family planning to the extent
necessary for reducing birth rates
To establish co-ordination between centre and
states for population control.
43. The commission will review the
implementation of national population policy
and will give directions in addition to establish
better co-ordination between different
programmes like demographic, educational
developmental and environmental protection.
The commission will also help to form an
extensive population movement for population
control.
44. Chief ministers of all the states /union
territories.
Union ministers of concerned departments.
Famous demographic specialists
Public health workers
Non-governmental organization.
45. Identify people who desire to have children
and those who don’t.
Listening, understanding, counselling and
making appropriate referrals for fertility control.
Providing & interpreting family planning
information, and to tap community resources
for health workers and community.
Planning, participating and evaluating family
welfare services and organising camps.
46. Supervising and guiding the other female
paramedical personnel such as H.V.,ANM’s
etc;
Initiating and contributing towards research.
Planning, conducting, evaluating with MO
in community health centre level training for
other paramedical staff including, Dias.
47. Population is now a days crippling humanity and
India is leading second largest populated
country ,hence we all need to wake up and
implement the solution intend to halt crisis.
Population control programme is a hope to
render comfortable space as per human density.
To improve the country growth and make the
happy and wealthy country.