STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY DISORDER IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL OF NADIAD CITY”
STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY DISORDER IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL OF NADIAD CITY”
CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND ITS MANAGEMENT: AGE AND NATURE: INFANCY , ...Manisha Thakur
CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND ITS MANAGEMENT: AGE AND NATURE: INFANCY , TODDLERS , ADOLESCENCE: SPEECH DISORDERS: SOMNAMBULISM, SOMNILOQUY. EATING DISORDERS: ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA. MOVEMENT DISORDERS: TICS. SPEECH DISORDERS: STUTTERING, CLUTTERING, STAMMERING. DISORDERS OF TOILET TRAINING: ENURESIS, ECOPRESIS. DISORDERS OF HABIT: TEMPER TANTRUM, BREATH HOLDING SPELLS, THUMB SUCKING, NAIL BITING. ADHD, SCHOOL PHOBIA, STRANGER ANXIETY.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding A...ijtsrd
ADHD attention deficit hyperactive disorder is a condition of the brain that makes it difficult for children to control their behavior .It is one of the most common chronic conditions of childhood. It affects 4 12 of school aged children about 3 times more boys than girls are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder. ADHD attention deficit hyperactive disorder is a disorder make by an ongoing pattern of inattention and hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. In this study a descriptive research design was used to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder among 3rd year nursing students in a selected college of nursing in Lucknow with a view to develop an information booklet. Study result revealed that the majority of the subjects had good knowledge i.e. 50 , 30 of the subjects had average knowledge and 20 had poor knowledge regarding ADHD. Majority of the subjects 28 70 belong to the age group of 19 21 years, followed by 12 30 of the student belong to the age group of 22 24 year. In this study 5 12.50 were male and remaining 35 87.50 were female. The mean of knowledge score is 11.4 with SD 3.20415.The chi square test depict that education status of father and gender is associated with knowledge score, else no demographic variable shows any significant association with their demographic variable. In attitude score majority of the student 65 belong to the attitude score 21 40 had average attitude, 30 student belong to the attitude score 41 50 had good attitude and 5 student belong to the attitude score 1 20 had poor attitude regarding ADHD.The study results conclude that majority of the student has good knowledge and average attitude regarding ADHD. This study shows that there is a significant association between the level of knowledge with their demographic variables i.e. gender and father education .In attitude score there is a significant association between the level of knowledge and gender and age of 3rd year nursing student and there is no significant association between other demographic variables. Hence the curriculum needs to include behavior therapy for the health benefit of the students. The benefits of this study are that, by participating in the study, the students become aware of their existing knowledge and attitude regarding ADHD. Rajesh Singh | Adarsh Yadav | Basanti Kumari | Jyoti Patel | Khushi Verma | Rupal Gautam "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46482.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/46482/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-level-of-knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-attention-deficit-hyperactive-disorder-adhd/rajesh-singh
Effectiveness of Teacher Plus Psychosocial Model on Socio-Emotional Well-bein...CrimsonpublishersPPrs
Effectiveness of Teacher Plus Psychosocial Model
on Socio-Emotional Well-being of Secondary
School Students: A Randomize Control Trail by SakilaYesmin in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Study_Crimson Publishers
CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND ITS MANAGEMENT: AGE AND NATURE: INFANCY , ...Manisha Thakur
CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND ITS MANAGEMENT: AGE AND NATURE: INFANCY , TODDLERS , ADOLESCENCE: SPEECH DISORDERS: SOMNAMBULISM, SOMNILOQUY. EATING DISORDERS: ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA. MOVEMENT DISORDERS: TICS. SPEECH DISORDERS: STUTTERING, CLUTTERING, STAMMERING. DISORDERS OF TOILET TRAINING: ENURESIS, ECOPRESIS. DISORDERS OF HABIT: TEMPER TANTRUM, BREATH HOLDING SPELLS, THUMB SUCKING, NAIL BITING. ADHD, SCHOOL PHOBIA, STRANGER ANXIETY.
Similar to STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY DISORDER IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL OF NADIAD CITY”
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding A...ijtsrd
ADHD attention deficit hyperactive disorder is a condition of the brain that makes it difficult for children to control their behavior .It is one of the most common chronic conditions of childhood. It affects 4 12 of school aged children about 3 times more boys than girls are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder. ADHD attention deficit hyperactive disorder is a disorder make by an ongoing pattern of inattention and hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. In this study a descriptive research design was used to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder among 3rd year nursing students in a selected college of nursing in Lucknow with a view to develop an information booklet. Study result revealed that the majority of the subjects had good knowledge i.e. 50 , 30 of the subjects had average knowledge and 20 had poor knowledge regarding ADHD. Majority of the subjects 28 70 belong to the age group of 19 21 years, followed by 12 30 of the student belong to the age group of 22 24 year. In this study 5 12.50 were male and remaining 35 87.50 were female. The mean of knowledge score is 11.4 with SD 3.20415.The chi square test depict that education status of father and gender is associated with knowledge score, else no demographic variable shows any significant association with their demographic variable. In attitude score majority of the student 65 belong to the attitude score 21 40 had average attitude, 30 student belong to the attitude score 41 50 had good attitude and 5 student belong to the attitude score 1 20 had poor attitude regarding ADHD.The study results conclude that majority of the student has good knowledge and average attitude regarding ADHD. This study shows that there is a significant association between the level of knowledge with their demographic variables i.e. gender and father education .In attitude score there is a significant association between the level of knowledge and gender and age of 3rd year nursing student and there is no significant association between other demographic variables. Hence the curriculum needs to include behavior therapy for the health benefit of the students. The benefits of this study are that, by participating in the study, the students become aware of their existing knowledge and attitude regarding ADHD. Rajesh Singh | Adarsh Yadav | Basanti Kumari | Jyoti Patel | Khushi Verma | Rupal Gautam "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46482.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/46482/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-level-of-knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-attention-deficit-hyperactive-disorder-adhd/rajesh-singh
Effectiveness of Teacher Plus Psychosocial Model on Socio-Emotional Well-bein...CrimsonpublishersPPrs
Effectiveness of Teacher Plus Psychosocial Model
on Socio-Emotional Well-being of Secondary
School Students: A Randomize Control Trail by SakilaYesmin in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Study_Crimson Publishers
Study to Assess the Knowledge on Behavioral Problems of School Children among...ijtsrd
The aim of the study to assess the knowledge on behavioral problems of school children among school teachers. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The population for the study includes school teachers who are handling the students in the age group between 6 12 years. The sample selected for the present study was 60 school teachers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study. The study result shows that the knowledge of school teachers on behavioral problems of school children shows that 15 25 of school teachers having moderately adequate knowledge and 45 75 of them have inadequate knowledge and none of the school teachers had adequate knowledge regarding behavioral problems of school children among school teachers. The mean and standard deviation of the study is 14.02 4.26. The study concluded that knowledge of school teachers regarding behavioral problem were poor, so there is a need to improve the knowledge of school teachers about behavioral problem of school children. V. Janaki | T. Senthil Thirusangu ""Study to Assess the Knowledge on Behavioral Problems of School Children among School Teachers with a View to Develop an Informational Module in Selected Schools at Chhattarpuir, Madya Prdesh"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23630.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/23630/study-to-assess-the-knowledge-on-behavioral-problems-of-school-children-among-school-teachers-with-a-view-to-develop-an-informational-module-in-selected-schools-at-chhattarpuir-madya-prdesh/v-janaki
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Behavio...ijtsrd
The study on "EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEM AMONG MOTHERS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED AREA AT MADURAI" was undertaken Objectives To assess knowledge among mothers of school children regarding behavioral problem before the structured teaching programme. Evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme STP on knowledge of mothers of school children regarding behavioral problem. Determine the association between knowledge among mothers of school children with selected socio demographic variables. Conceptual framework The study was based on Imogine King's goal attainment theory. Design Evaluatory approach and pre experimental design was adopted for this study. Setting The study was conducted at selur Madurai district. Sample size The sample size was 60 mothers of school children. Methods of data collection procedure Data was collected from mothers of school children to assess level of knowledge by using structured tool before and after structured teaching programme. After administration of structured teaching programme the level of knowledgeis assessed. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Structured teaching programme is effective of mothers according to level of knowledge before and after the manipulation in which 41.67 of the samples had showed inadequate levels of knowledge in pretest. In contrast, 70 of the samples experienced adequate levels of knowledge in the post test. The mean post test knowledge score 17.62 was greater than the mean pretest level of knowledge score 9.52 . The obtained t value 14.33 was statistically highly significant at 0.05 levels. The mean difference between pretest score and posttest score is 8.1 was significant at 5 level as the p 0.05 . Conclusion The association of pre and post test level of knowledge after the structured teaching programme the mothers of school children was adequate. Mrs. P Saranya | Mrs. R. Ruthrani "Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Behavioural Problem among Mothers of School Chldren in Selected Area at Madurai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59726.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/59726/effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-behavioural-problem-among-mothers-of-school-chldren-in-selected-area-at-madurai/mrs-p-saranya
A Review on Maternal Common Mental Disorders and Associated Factors: A Cross‐...aponhasan
It's a simple review of mental health of mother and child nutrition related article publish on the journal named International Journal of Mental Health Systems.
1Comparison of Therapies for children Diagnosed with ADHsimisterchristen
1
Comparison of Therapies for children Diagnosed with ADHD
Barbara Maclure
10/03/22
Comparison of Therapies for children Diagnosed with ADHD
Participants
This study's participants will consist of 100 children (N=100) aged 4 to 6 years. This study will be conducted in the school where the children attend the class. The main reason behind selecting the school setting is because, in this setting, all the factors that affect work ethic, social interaction, and behavior will be considered. To conduct this study successfully, a class will be required to have 20-25 students, their teacher, and our professionals. All the participants will be kindergarten children with who ADHD has been diagnosed. We will ensure that the sample size is large enough so that we will be able to collect data that will support or dispute the research question. Using one hundred participants surpasses the threshold; therefore, the data to be collected will have a weight to support or dispute the research question. We will use purposeful sampling criteria to find one hundred students in the grade kindergarten aged 4-6 years. In qualitative research, it is essential to use purposeful sampling to get valuable data despite the limited resources. The children's choice will be based on pediatrician evaluations and diagnosis of ADHD. To get the participant, it will be ensured that they have not gone a treatment therapy before the start of the study. This is to facilitate the participant to be chosen randomly between methylphenidate treatment and behavioral therapy. The study will ensure that the parent consent of the children is taken. The participant will involve males and females.
Measures
In this study, the best research design is using qualitative experimental research. The main feature of experimental design is selecting the participant randomly; therefore, the research has a maximum control level. In much research for identifying a relationship between two or more variables, they embrace experimental research. This research amicably compares two or more groups. Experimental research consists of both of experimental group and the control group. This experimental group will consist of the children undergoing medication or behavioral therapy; on the other hand, a control group entails children undergoing Methylphenidate. The experimental group gives an independent variable of behavioral therapy. The research will relate behavior therapy's effects symptoms of ADHD and the effect of Methylphenidate therapy on the same symptoms.
Extraneous Variables
Many variables must be examined and recorded in observing and recording various issues related to ADHD children. No factors present in the children's classroom that may not have an indirect influence on the children's behaviors yet are not related to the ADHD symptoms. The presence of distractibility and peer influence are some of the core aspects that are likely to influence children's behaviors. The children can also b ...
A Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Snake and Ladder Game on Knowledge ...ijtsrd
A Study To Determine The Effectiveness Of Snake And Ladder Game On "Knowledge Of Common Ailments" Among Primary School Children Of A Selected School, Lucknow. OBJECTIVES 1. To assess the level of Knowledge on common ailments among primary school children. 2. To assess the Effectiveness of snake and Ladder game in the area of "Common Ailments" among primary schoolchildren 3. To explore the association between knowledge scores and demographic variables of the subjects. METHODS A pre experimental and evaluative research approach was used with one group pre test pos test design to evaluate the effectiveness of the Snake Ladder game on ‘knowledge of common ailments’. The study was conducted in selected school in. Assumption English School selected for the study. The sample composed of 60 primary school children. A purposive sampling technique was used. A structured knowledge questionnaire on selected common ailments was used for data collection. family. Maximum number of children 40 had only one scores and the differences between the pre test and post test scores were statistically significant at 5 level. ‘t’ 59 =19.16, p 0.05. This indicates that GAME was an effective method of imparting information to the children regarding common ailments. From the statistical analysis it was clear that there was significant increase in the knowledge level of the children regarding common ailments after administration of the GAME. Regarding association between the baseline variables with pre test and post test knowledge scores it was found that there was no significant association between the variables like age, sex, religion, education, ordinal position, number of siblings, type of family and monthly income of family of children with pre test and post test knowledge scores. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION Findings of the study score shows that Snake and Ladder game was an effective teaching strategy in increasing the knowledge of the children on common ailments. If proper information is given to the children regarding common ailments, they can improve their knowledge which in turn helps them to take care of themselves and to help others. Dr. Dipti Shukla | Mrs. Soumya Sunny | Ms. Snigdha Bhardwaj | Ms. Yogita Sharma | Mr. Utkarsh Tiwari | Mr. Vishal Kumar | Ms. Vineeta Kumari | Ms. Shushma Devi | Ms. Shilpi Sahay "A Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Snake and Ladder Game on Knowledge of Common Ailments among Primary School Children of a Selected School Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52328.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/52328/a-study-to-determine-the-effectiveness-of-snake-and-ladder-game-on-knowledge-of-common-ailments-among-primary-school-children-of-a-selected-school-lucknow/dr-dipti-shukla
1Comparison of Therapies for children Diagnosed with ADH.docxdurantheseldine
1
Comparison of Therapies for children Diagnosed with ADHD
Student Name
University
Course
Professors Name
Date
Comparison of Therapies for children Diagnosed with ADHD
Participants
This study's participants will consist of 100 children (N=100) aged 4 to 6 years. This study will be conducted in the school where the children attend the class. The main reason behind selecting the school setting is because, in this setting, all the factors that affect work ethic, social interaction, and behavior will be considered. To conduct this study successfully, a class will be required to have 20-25 students, their teacher, and our professionals. All the participants will be kindergarten children with who ADHD has been diagnosed. We will ensure that the sample size is large enough so that we will be able to collect data that will support or dispute the research question. Using 100 participants surpasses the threshold; therefore, the data to be collected will have a weight to support or dispute the research question. We will use purposeful sampling criteria to find 100 students in the grade kindergarten aged 4-6 years. In qualitative research, it is essential to use purposeful sampling to get valuable data despite the limited resources. The children's choice will be based on pediatrician evaluations and diagnosis of ADHD. To get the participant, it will be ensured that they have not gone a treatment therapy before the start of the study. This is to facilitate the participant to be chosen randomly between methylphenidate treatment and behavioral therapy. The study will ensure that the parent consent of the children is taken. The participant will involve males and females.
Measures
In this study, the best research design is using qualitative experimental research. The main feature of experimental design is selecting the participant randomly; therefore, the research has a maximum control level. In many research for identifying a relationship between two or more variables, they embrace experimental research. This research amicably compares two or more groups. Experimental research consists of both of experimental group and the control group. This experimental group will consist of the children undergoing medication or behavioral therapy; on the other hand, a control group entails children undergoing Methylphenidate. The experimental group gives an independent variable of behavioral therapy. The research will relate behavior therapy's effects symptoms of ADHD and the effect of Methylphenidate therapy on the same symptoms.
Extraneous Variables
Many variables must be examined and recorded in observing and recording various issues related to ADHD children. No factors present in the children's classroom that may not have an indirect influence on the children's behaviors yet are not related to the ADHD symptoms. The presence of distractibility and peer influence are some of the core aspects that are likely to influence children's behaviors. The children can.
School Entry Age: The younger group has more behavior and academic problemsYanki Yazgan
Sule Yazgan, M.D. and I represented our group of child psychiatry, pediatrics and psychology at the AAP 2015 meeting in Wash DC.
Sule presented data from a community based study that was conducted during the 2012-2013 academic year when the compulsory school age entry in Turkey was redefined as 60/66 months.
The study was led by Sebla Gokce, M.D. and I was the senior investigator.
Our findings showed that the 1st grade children who were under 72 months had more behavioral symptoms and functional impairment. There were more diagnosable cases of ADHD in the under 72 months group than the "older" children who became 1st graders after 72 months. The changes in school entry age appears to be associated with more children with ADHD symptoms and impairment in that urban sample.
We need to further elaborate the discussion and do quite a few analyses before we proceed with the write up. The findings are parallel to earlier findings of younger age in the classroom to be associated with more diagnoses of ADHD. Here we have an even younger than usual group whose symptom/impairment level and caseness escalated. Whether these changes in behavior led to an increase in the referrals and treatment for ADHD, and whether this findings is generalizable to more disadvantaged, semiurban and rural areas of Turkey await further research.
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Did you know that teaching about the dangers of alcohol and drugs is included in the education requirements of 38 states? But what is really happening when alcohol and drug education gets squeezed in with an ever-growing list of requirements in thousands of schools across the country? A total of 3,500 teachers, school administrators, and other educators were surveyed and the findings and recommendations appear in the following 19 page report
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Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
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VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY DISORDER IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL OF NADIAD CITY”
1. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 9 ¦ 2022 1429
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT
PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING ATTENTION
DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY DISORDER IN SELECTED
GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL OF NADIAD CITY”
Nirmal Vaghela1
, Ravi Asari2
, Rechal Parmar3
, Reena Patel4
, Rinilata Gavnda5
, Shirley Macwan6
, Shivangi Mecwan7
, Smita Khristi8
, Sujata
Vasava9
, Arpita Vaidya10*
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Final year Post basic B.Sc. Nursing Students, Dinsha Patel College of Nursing, Nadiad.
10
Associate Professor and Vice Principal, Dinsha Patel College of Nursing, Nadiad
Email: apita.parekh03@gmail.com
DOI: 10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S09.174
Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) has been described by the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1994) as
age-inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder comprise a heterogeneous
population with considerable variation across children to the extent in which they demonstrate all symptoms. Attention deficit hyperactive
disorder is currently understood largely through a medical perspective, and in that context, the treatment recommended is stimulant
medication. Supporting research has found that attention deficit hyperactive disorder is one of the most widely diagnosed disorders of
childhood. With this in mind, educators have the responsibility to help each student to be successful in school
Aims: To know the knowledge level of primary school teachers about (ADHD), To find is there a relationship between the knowledge levels
of primary school teachers about ADHD and their socio-demographic characteristics, To find there a relationship between the knowledge
level of primary school teachers and their experiences about (ADHD).
Objective:
1. To assess the knowledge of government primary school teachers on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in selected government
primary school of Nadiad city.
2. To find out the association between selected demographic variables and knowledge on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
associated between government primary school teachers in selected government primary school of Nadiad city.
Methodology: Research design and setting non experimental cross sectional research design was used Setting is the physical location and
condition in which data collection takes palace in a study. The study was conducted in the selected government primary schools in Nadiad
city.
Prior to data collection written setting permission obtain from District Educational Officer Kheda district and principals of varies selected
government primary school at Nadiad city. The sample size considered of 50 teachers in selected government primary schools in Nadiad
city.
The tool consists of following
Section A:The demographic variable in that age, gender, diet, monthly family income, educational status, teaching experience, experience
in special school ,experience certificate of teaching awareness or information regarding the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder of
selected government primary school teachers of Nadiad city..
Section B: The structure knowledge questionnaire was used in this study.
Statistical Analysis used Inferential and Descriptive statistics applied where, data were analyzed by using SPSS software, and Frequency,
percentage, tables etc. were used to represent the statistical data in the tables and graph and figure. Chi-square test was used to assess the
significant association between the demographic and level of knowledge of government primary school teachers regarding attention deficit
hyper activity disorder in selected government primary school of Nadiad city.
Result: Age group 24(48%) were came from 40-49 years. According to the gender the female 37(74%). The eating pattern shows that
29(58%) are vegetarian. Monthly family income in rupees is 23(46%) had Rs.50,000-1,00,000. Educational status of the research group
explore that 31(62%) had done PTC. Teaching experience shows that 19(38%) are from 21-30 years. As per the experience in special school
2. Hazar Shakir Saleh et al: Evaluation Intra-testicular Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Restoration Male Rat Fertility Affected By Cisplatin
1430 Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ 2022
in which 32(64%) has no any special school experience. An experience of teaching in which 34(68%) has no any certificate of teaching
experience.
Conclusion: The current study aim to assess the knowledge regarding attention deficit hyper activity disorder among government primary
school teachers. There were total 50 government primary school teachers has been selected for the study at selected government primary
school Nadiad city. To assess the knowledge regarding attention deficit hyper activity disorder researcher has prepared 25 knowledge
questionnaires. The study results shows that (4%) school teachers had good knowledge regarding attention deficit hyper activity disorder,
majority of school teachers (80%) had average knowledge and only (16%) had poor knowledge. There is no significant association found
between knowledge and selected demographic variables of government primary school teachers. Similar study can be conduct among more
samples.
Keywords: Knowledge, Government primary school, Teachers, Attention Deficit Hyper activity Disorder.
INTRODUCTION
In India there is very little systematic research in ADHD in children. The few studies that are available report prevalence rates
ranging from 10 to 20%. While the Western world is attending to ADHD issue seriously, in India this has not yet received much
attention.[1] Children are the greatest gifts of god to humanity. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the most common
behavioral disorder of childhood and generally thought to account for the majority of referral for mental health treatment.
ADHD is a frequently diagnosed disorder with a high impact affecting multiple facets of social life.[2]
At first, behaviors associated with ADHD are observed in the classroom setting and the teacher would be the first person to
notice the signs and raise concerns about the child. As teachers interrelate with their students on a daily basis and have a key
role in identifying, referring, interacting, and also treating children with ADHD, One of the essential elements in the diagnosis,
treatment, and management of schoolchildren with ADHD is school teachers.[3] Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a
disorder of childhood and adolescence characterized by a pattern of extreme pervasive, persistent, and debilitating inattention,
over activity and impulsivity.[4] An understanding of the epidemiological aspects of attention deficit hyperactive disorder may
provide insight into its distribution and etiology as well as information for planning the allocation of funds for mental health
services.[5]
The DSM-5 defines attention deficit hyperactive disorder as a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity the
symptoms presenting in two or more settings (e.g. at home, school, or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities) and
the symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and adversely effects
directly on social, academic or occupational functioning. Several symptoms must have been present before age 12 years [6] In
Indian, a study conducted in Coimbatore found attention deficit hyperactive disorder prevalence in children to be higher than
global estimate, at 11.32%. The highest prevalence is found in ages 9 (at 26.4%) and 10 (at 25%). Further, the study showed
that more males (66.7%) were found to have attention deficit hyperactive disorder.[7] identifying areas strength, weaknesses,
inaccurate beliefs, and exploring possible links to teacher’s characteristics could notify and improve future policies and
interventions aimed at understanding, assisting and supporting children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder and their
teachers. [8]
Objective:
1. To assess the knowledge of government primary school teachers on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in selected
government primary school of Nadiad city.
2. To find out the association between selected demographic variables and knowledge on attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder associated between government primary school teachers in selected government primary school of Nadiad city.
Material and methods
Research Approach:
In this study the evaluative research approach is used. In view of accomplishing the objectives of developing and evaluating
the Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder knowledge. This approach was considered most appropriate.
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Research design:
Research design and setting non experimental cross sectional research design
Research Variables: There are two types of variables considered under the study as follows
1. Research variable: knowledge on school teachers on Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
2. Demographic variable: It is the outcome variable that greatly influence the result of the study is called as extraneous
variables in this study extraneous variables are:
1. Age
2. Gender,
3. Stream of education
4. Socio economical factors
5. Awareness or information regarding Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Number of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders patient per year.
Research setting:
“Setting is the physical location and condition in which data collection takes palace in a study”.
The study was conducted in the selected government primary schools in Nadiad city.
Target population:
“The entire population in which the researchers are interested and to which they would like to generalize the research findings”.
In this study the target population consisted of government school teacher’s knowledge regarding Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder suffering children in Nadiad city.
Sampling population:
Population is a complete set of persons or objects that possess some common characteristics of interest to the researcher.
Sampling technique:
Sampling is the process of selecting cases to represent and entire population so that inferences about the population can be
made.
The process of selecting a portion of the population to represent the entire population. The sample was selected through a non-
probability purposive sampling technique.
Sample size:
The sample size considered of 50 teachers in selected government primary schools in Nadiad city.
4. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 9 ¦ 2022 1432
SAMPLING CRITERIA:
1. Inclusive criteria:
• Teachers who wants to willingly participate in the study.
• All the age groups of teachers.
• People from all gender groups are included.
2. Exclusion:
• Teachers who are not available at the time of data collection will be excluded.
• Teachers who has taken 6 months training for attention deficit hyper activity disorder.
METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
Demographic data sheet, structured questionnaire were used
Description of the tool:
1. Section A:The demographic variable in that age, gender, diet, monthly family income, educational status, teaching
experience, experience in special school ,experience certificate of teaching awareness or information regarding the attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder of selected government primary school teachers of Nadiad city..
2. Section B: The structure knowledge questionnaire was used in this study.
Steps of data collection:
The knowledge assessment tool was administering teachers. Time taken by each respondent for filling the questionnaire was
average 10 to 15 minutes.
Result
Section-1 Distribution of sample characteristics according to socio demographic variable of participants.
Table No. 1.1 Frequency and percentage distribution of selected demographic variable of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
such as age, gender, diet, monthly family income, education status, teaching experience, experiencing in special school,
experiencing certificate of teaching.
Variables Frequency Percentage
Age
21-29 0 0%
30-39 13 26%
40-49 24 48%
50-58 13 26%
Gender
Male 13 26%
Female 37 74%
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Diet
Veg 29 58%
Nonveg 0 0%
Mixed 21 42%
Monthly Family Income
<10000 1 2%
10000-50000 13 26%
50000-100000 23 46%
100000-150000 13 26%
>150000 0 0%
Educational status
PTC 31 62%
B.ED 8 16%
M.ED 6 12%
M.A. 5 10%
Teaching experience
1-10 years 9 18%
11-20 years 14 28%
21-30 years 19 38%
31-40 years 8 16%
Experience in special
school
Yes 18 36%
No 32 64%
Experience certificate of
teaching
Yes 16 32%
No 34 68%
Age group 24(48%) were came from 40-49 years. According to the gender the female 37(74%). The eating pattern shows that
29(58%) are vegetarian. Monthly family income in rupees is 23(46%) had Rs.50,000-1,00,000. Educational status of the
research group explore that 31(62%) had done PTC. Teaching experience shows that 19(38%) are from 21-30 years. As per the
experience in special school in which 32(64%) has no any special school experience. An experience of teaching in which
34(68%) has no any certificate of teaching experience.
Section-2 Assessment of knowledge regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among government primary school
teachers.
Table No. 2.1 Frequency and percentage distribution of knowledge score regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
among government primary school teachers.
Analysis of knowledge score of ADHD:
Knowledge on ADHD Frequency Percentage
Good (17-25 Score) 2 4%
Average (8-16 Score) 40 80%
Poor (0-7 Score) 8 16%
TOTAL 50 100%
The above table showed that 2(4%) had good knowledge, 40(80%) had average knowledge and 8(16%) had poor level of
knowledge by the Analysis of the data related to assess the knowledge of government primary school teachers regarding
attention deficit hyper activity disorder.
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Table No. 2.1Analysis of knowledge of ADHD of Government primary school teachers as per categorization:
Knowledge on ADHD N Minimum Maximum Mean Median Mode Std.
Deviation
Introduction 50 0.448 5 2.24 2.0 3.0 1.12
Risk factors and causes 50 0.47 2 0.94 1.0 0 0.82
Signs and symptoms 50 0.505 4 2.02 2.0 2.0 1.24
Detection 50 0.42 1 0.42 0 0 0.50
Prevention 50 0.4415 13 5.74 6.0 6.0 2.05
Total Knowledge score
on ADHD
50 0.4544 25 11.36 11.50 14.0 3.49
Section-3 Association between the knowledge and selected socio-demographic variables among government primary school
teachers regarding ADHD.
Socio-demographic Variables
Knowledge on ADHD Significance
Remarks
Good Average Poor
Chi
Square
Calculate
d
Chi square
Tabulated
df
P
Value
1 Age
21-29 0 0 0
2.812 9.49 4
P<0.0
5
NS
30-39 0 10 3
40-49 2 19 3
50-58 0 11 2
2 Gender
Male 0 10 3
1.273 5.99 2
P<0.0
5
NS
Female 2 30 5
3 Diet
Veg 2 22 5
1.663 5.99 2
P<0.0
5
NS
Nonveg 0 0 0
Mixed 0 18 3
4
Monthly
Family
Income
<10000 0 1 0
2.14 12.59 6
P<0.0
5
NS
10000-50000 1 10 2
50000-100000 0 19 4
100000-150000 1 10 2
>150000 0 0 0
5
Educational
status
PTC 2 26 3
4.548 12.59 6
P<0.0
5
NS
B.ED 0 6 2
M.ED 0 5 1
M.A. 0 3 2
6
Teaching
experience
1-10 years 0 7 2
3.782 12.59 6
P<0.0
5
NS
11-20 years 0 12 2
21-30 years 2 14 3
31-40 years 0 7 1
7 Experience Yes 0 13 5 3.776 5.99 2 P<0.0 NS
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in special
school No
2 27 3
5
8
Experience
certificate
of teaching
Yes 0 14 2
1.287 5.99 2
P<0.0
5
NS
No 2 26 6
Describes association of knowledge regarding attention deficit hyper activity disorder in selected government primary school
teachers with their demographic variables. In reference to the association of knowledge regarding ADHD among selected
government primary schools teachers with their demographic variables there was no significant association of knowledge score
with their variables.
Conclusion:
The current study aim to assess the knowledge regarding attention deficit hyper activity disorder among government primary
school teachers. There were total 50 government primary school teachers has been selected for the study at selected government
primary school Nadiad city. To assess the knowledge regarding attention deficit hyper activity disorder researcher has prepared
25 knowledge questionnaires. The study results shows that (4%) school teachers had good knowledge regarding attention deficit
hyper activity disorder, majority of school teachers (80%) had average knowledge and only (16%) had poor knowledge. There
is no significant association found between knowledge and selected demographic variables of government primary school
teachers. Similar study can be conduct among more samples.
Conflict of Interest: There is not any conflict of interest between the all authors
Source of Funding: Self-funding
Ethical Clearance: The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee of Dinsha Patel College of nursing, research
committee, there are total 9 members. This thesis is approved by ethical committee of Dinsha Patel College of Nursing and a
formal written permission was gathered from the authority of or Principal of Institute prior to data collection
Statement of Informed consent: Yes, informed consent form was taken from the participants prior to data collection.
Acknowledgement
Special thanks to all the participants of the study and principals of the selected colleges for provide us permission for data
collection.
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