INTRODUCTION,UNDERSTANDING SELF,SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR,GROUP DYNAMICS,MOTIVATION,MASLOWS HIERARCHY NEEDS THEORY

1. HUMAN
RELATIONS
PREPARED BY:
KHUSHBU PATEL
UNIT-III
SUBJECT:CET
PLACEMENT :2ND YEAR B.SC NURSING

2. INTRODUCTION:
Human relations are fundamental in a civil society
and in each profession (including psychology,
social work and health care).
 Nurses are one of the largest groups in health
care workforce and are constantly interacting
with patients, their relatives, colleagues as well
as other members of the multidisciplinary health
care team inside and outside the health care
organization. Moreover, nurses come from the
same society and interact continuously with
people in their personal and social life.

3. INTRODUCTION:
Nurses must, therefore, be well equipped
and skilled in the science of human
relationships to carry out their personal
and professional responsibilities more
efficiently.
 Knowledge of human relations enables
an individual understand human behaviour
and develop a positive attitude towards his
profession and the society.

4. DEFINITION:
Human relation is an area of
management practice which is
concerned with the integration of
people into a work situation in a way
that motivate them to work
productively, cooperatively and with
economic, psychological and social
satisfaction.
-keith Davis

5. DEFINITION:
Human relation refers to the science of
applying principles of social psychology in
improving the working of an organization
to make it more productive and in making
the worker happier to improve efficiency
and satisfaction.
Human relations are the relations between
human beings that are affected by many
other factors and helps in the
accomplishment of goals of an
organization.

6. HUMAN RELATIONS IN NURSING
 Human relations in nursing refer to the
relationship of nurses with colleagues and other
department personnel and of nurses with patient.
In other words, it is intradepartmental,
interdepartmental and interpersonal (nurse and
patient/family) relationship to provide the quality
care to their patients.
 A nurse-patient relationship is the relationship
between a nurse and a patient who interact with
each other to face a health deviation, share and
bring it to a resolution and discover ways of
adapting to the situation.

7. Human relations in nursing also
develop when two health care
personnel interact with each other to
achieve the primary goal of
maximum patient satisfaction and
health promotion irrespective of their
field of work.

8. Efficient patient care is a consequence
of modern medical, nursing,
paramedical skilled and unskilled
personnel which acts as a motivation
to work and execute the outlined plans
to achieve desired objectives.
It is believed that the real power of an
organization stays in the hands of the
personnel bearing good interpersonal
relations established in their work
environment.


9. DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN RELATIONS IN
NURSING
Professional relationships are created
through the nurse's application of
knowledge and understanding of the
human behavior at well as his or her
communication and commitment to
ethical behaviour.
 Having a philosophy based on caring
for and respecting others will help the
nurse be more successful in
establishing such relationships. Some
important dimensions of human
relationships in nursing care are:

10. DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN RELATIONS IN
NURSING
Nurse-patient
helping
relationships
Nurse-
healthteam
relationships
Nurse-
community
Relationships
Nurse-family
relationships

11. STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE CARDINAL HUMAN
RELATIONS
Common Organizational
goals
Strategies a sense of
oneness
Group Cohesiveness Training & skill building in human
relations
Effective communication
practices
Policies to promote coordination
and cooperation among employees
Defined organizational
structure

12. UNDERSTANDING SELF
-INTRODUCTION
 Self-concept is a person’s understanding of how
and what someone thinks about him or her .
 An individual is not born with self-concept ,
rather, it evolves as the individual constantly
interact with people.
 Understanding the self is the ability to
understand one’s own thoughts, and actions.
 It is subjective sense of the self and a complex
mixture of unconscious and conscious thoughts,
attitudes and perceptions.

13. An individual’s reactions with these
several factors have affected and
continue to affect and continue to
affect his or her self-concept.
Past experience make us what we
are.
 They shape the way we feel about
the self and the way we react to
others.

14. A child who is neglected & criticized at
home may develop a negative self-
concept.
Experiences at home-with family
members, relatives and friends—in
school, college, work Place, etc.
contribute immensely to the
development of our self-concept.
Self-concept has 4 dimensions or
components.

15. COMPONENTS OF
SELF-CONCEPT
personal
identity
role
performance
Self-Esteem
Body -
Image

16. DEFINITION:
UNDERSTANDING SELF
Understanding self represents the sum
total of people’s conscious perception of
their identity as distinct from others. It is
not a static phenomenon, but continues
to develop and change throughout our
lives.
-George Herbert Head

17. JOHARI WINDOW-A TOOL TO
UNDERSTAND SELF
My Public
Self
My Blind
Spots
My Hidden
Self
My
unconscious
self

18. SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
The interaction that takes
between members of the
same species or the
behaviour directed towards
the society is known as
social behaviour.

19. Communication between members of
two different species is not social
behaviour.
It is an activity that has a social meaning
or context.
In a Sociological hierarchy, social
behaviour is followed by social actions,
is directed at other people and designed
to provoke a response.

20. TYPES OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Aggression
Altruism (willing to do
things that bring
advantages to others.
Selflessness)
Scapegoating
( unfairly blamed for something
that others have done.)
Shyness

21. Factors
influencing
social
behaviour
Drives
Motives
Values
Traditions
Culture
& Social
Customs
Social
Norms
Ambitions

22. GROUP DYNAMICS
 Group dynamics can be very positive and
helpful where team members support each
other and do what is best.
 It can alternately become destructive if
individuals are allowed to continue with more
selfish behaviors such as never helping
someone else, making their personal life and
personal problems permeate their work, being
negative about everything that happens or
complaining all the time.

23. GROUP DYNAMICS:
¨ A branch of social psychology which
studies problems involving the structure of a
group.
¨ The interactions that influence the
attitudes and behavior of people when
they are grouped with others through either
choice or accidental circumstances.

24. STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT

Stage 2: Storming
(letting down the
politeness barrier and
trying to get down to the
issues even if tempers
flare up)
Stage 1: Forming
(pretending to get on or
get along with others)
Stage 4: Performing
(working in a group to a
common goal on a
highly efficient and
cooperative basis)
Stage 5: Adjourning
(mourning the
adjournment of the
group)
Stage 3: Norming
(getting used to each
other and developing
trust and productivity)

25. DEFINITION:
MOTIVATION
 Motivation is defined as…
 Motivation is ―an inner impulse or an internal force that
initiates and directs the individual to act in a certain manner to
satisfy a need.‖
 Motivating force is a need that comes from within an individual,
e.g. to make a living, gain status and respect or to remove a
source of frustration (Review of Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs).
 ―Motivation refers to the way in which urges, drives, desires,
aspirations, striving or needs direct, control or explain the
behavior of human beings‖. -Dalton E. McFurland,


26. Job Performance = Ability + Motivation.

27. TYPES OF MOTIVATORS
 1) Intrinsic motivation: Refers to motivation that comes from
within the person, driving him or her to be productive. It is
related to a person‘s level of inspiration. The motivation
comes from the pleasure one gets from the task itself or from
the sense of satisfaction in completing or even working on the
task rather than from external rewards.
 2) Extrinsic motivation: It refers to motivation that comes
from outside an individual, i.e. enhanced by the work
environment or external rewards such as money or grades.
The rewards provide a satisfaction and pleasure that the task
itself may not provide. An extrinsically motivated person will
work on a task even when they have little interest in it
because of the anticipated satisfaction they will get from the
reward. e.g.- reward for a student would obtain good grade on
an assignment or in the class.

28.  MEASURES TAKEN BY THE NURSE
MANAGER TO FACILITATE NURSES
MOTIVATION: -

 The nurse manager while managing the nursing unit
will have to choose a combination of the
 following measures to facilitate nurses‘ motivation.
 1) Act as a Role model (Set a good example):-
 a) Set high standards in the units.
 b) Maintain a positive attitude towards the work and
staff.

29. 2) Develop and maintain Good
Personal Relations:-
a) Use two-way communication.
b) Be friendly, not to criticize staff in
front of others and be fair.
 c) Keep a sense of humor and avoid
getting angry.

30. 3) Post Each Nurse where she can
work best:-
The nurse is more likely to succeed
and be motivated if her/his interests
and skills are considered in the
assignment. Success is the best
motivator.

31. 4) Use a participative style:-
Participation and sharing information will
motivate nurses since they feel they are
taking part in decisions. Motivation
requires more than physical involvement in
a job. It also demands mental and
emotional involvement.
5) Guide, encourage and support
continuously:-
Guidance means helping nurses in
planning, evaluating their work and in
solving work and personal problems..

32. Encouragement means helping and
reassuring nurses regardless of the type
of problems.
Reward Good work:-
a) Give recognition for successful
achievement of the job. Praise frequently
and informally.
b) Thank you is a type of reward that
helps to increase self-confidence.

33.  6) Build team work (Team spirit)
 a) Schedule regular meetings.
 b) Make nurses feel that their job is important to
the success of the team.
 c) Integrate the needs and wants of the staff
nurses with those of the nursing unit. d) Think of
nurses in the unit as a group and do what is best
for them.
 7) Provide continuing education:-
 Nurses enjoy learning new knowledge and skills
or updating the existing knowledge and skills or
taking new responsibilities through continuing
education.

34. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS THEORY/MODEL

35. Higher Level Needs To Satisfy, Offer:
Self-actualization needs Creative and challenging work
Participation in decision making
Job flexibility and autonomy
Esteem needs Responsibility of an important job
Promotion to higher status job
Praise and recognition from boss
Lower Level Needs To Satisfy, Offer:
Social needs Friendly coworkers
Interaction with customers
Pleasant supervisor
Safety needs Safe working conditions
Job security
Base compensation and benefits
Physiological needs Rest and refreshment breaks
Physical comfort on the job
Reasonable work hours

36. SELF-
ACTUALIZATION
NEEDS
Morality, Creativity,
spontaneously
& acceptance of facts.
ESTEEM NEEDS
Self- esteem, Confidence,
achievement, respects of others
LOVE-BELONGING NEEDS
Friendships, family, sexual intimacy
SAFETY NEEDS
Security of body, of employment, resources,
morality, family, health of property
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
Breathing, food, water, sleep,
Homeostasis ,excretion & sex