meaning of small family norms: Small family norm connotes control over the number of children.
The rate of reproduction and the level of acceptance of family control methods are to a large extent influenced by what people consider as the ideal family size.
Adoption of small family norms is today not only desirable but It has become difficult to survive with a large family particularly because of rising cost of living, growing needs and necessities.
It is a fact that a small family is a happy family.
Lesser number of children is a boon not only to their parents but also to the country.
They have better chances of food, clothing and education.
almost a necessity
nature of small family norms
benefits of small family norms
barriers of small family norms
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
Family welfare programme IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
INTRODUCTION • Family planning means planning by individual or couples to have only the children they want, when they want them, this is responsible parenthood. • Family welfare includes not only planning of birth, but they welfare of wholes family by means of total family health care. The family welfare programme has high priority in India because its success depends upon the quality of life of all citizens.
3. HISTORY OF FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME • It was started in the year 1951. • In 1977, the government of India redesignated the NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMME as the NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME also changed the name of the ministry of health and family planning to ministry of health and family welfare.
4. Cont… • It is a reflection of the government anxiety to promote family planning through the total welfare of the family. • It is aimed at achieving a higher end i.e. to improve the quality of life of the people.
5. Cont… • India is the first country in the world that implemented the family welfare programme at government level. • Health is a part of concurrent list but centers provides 100% assistance to states for this programme.
6. Cont… • Government has concentrated on this programme in various five year plans through higher priority was accorded to it after fourth five year plan. • Due to bad effect of emergency and faulty propaganda family planning suffered major setback, during 1977-1979.
7. Cont… • It was decided in national health policy in 1983, and then net reproduction rate should be one by the year 2000. • The 7th five year plan placed more emphasis on the use of spacing methods between the birth of two children
Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid Haroon Rashid
Subject - Community Health Nursing II, Topic - Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 4th year in Florence College Of Nursing
Population policy in general refers to policies intended to decrease the birth rate or growth rate.
Statement of goals, objectives and targets are inherent in the population policy.
History
National Population Policy 2000
Objectives
National Socio-Demographic Goals
Conclusion
This includes introduction regarding the topic, five year plans ,their aims , objectives and functions mainly related to maternal and child health services .
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
2nd year BSc Nursing - UNIT - 7 Population control.pptxthiru murugan
2nd Year B.Sc Nursing Community Health Nursing – IPopulation & Its Control
By,
M. Thiru Murugan
Population and its control (II BSc –Unit VII)
Population and its control
Population explosion and its impact on social, economic development of individual, society and country
Population control
Overall development: Women empowerment, social, economic and educational development
Limiting family size
Promotion of small family norm
Methods :
Spacing (natural, biological, chemical, mechanical methods etc)
Terminal : surgical methods
Emergency contraception
Population explosion
India is second largest country according to population
There are two things that affect the population size of the world
Birth rate- the number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year
Death rate- the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year.
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, more people are being born than are dying, so the population grows. This is called Natural increase
When the death rate is higher than the birth rate it is called the natural decrease.
Causes of Population explosion
Early attainment of puberty in girls.
Early marriage at the age of 15.
Low standard of living.
Illiteracy.
Lack of awareness regarding method of family planning.
Due to tradition & faith of god.
Stages of Population explosion
Countries go through five stages of population growth
High Stationary
Early Expanding
Late Expanding
Low Stationary
Declining
1.High Stationary
Stage 1:
Birth rate is high because there's no use of contraception, and people have lots of children because many infants die.
Death rate is high due to poor healthcare.
Population growth rate is zero.
Population structure- life expectancy is low, so the population is made up of mainly young people
2.Early Expanding
Stage 2:
Birth rate is high because there's no use of contraception
Economy is based on agriculture so people have lots of children to work on farms.
Death rate falls due to improved healthcare.
Population growth rate is very high.
Population structure- life expectancy has increased but there are still more young people than older people
3.Late Expanding
Stage 3:
Birth rate is rapidly falling due to the empowerment of women and better education.
The use of contraception increases
The economy also changes to manufacturing, so fewer children are needed to work on farms.
Death rate falls due to more medical advances.
Population growth rate is high
Population structure- more people are living to be older
4. Low Stationary
Stage 4:
Birth rate is low- people move to urban areas
This means there is less money available for having children.
Death rate is low and fluctuating.
Population growth rate is zero.
Population structure- life expectancy is high, so even more people are living to be older
5.Declining
Birth rate slowly falling
Death rate slow and fluctuating
Population growth rate is negative
Population structure: more older peoples then
Family welfare programme IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
INTRODUCTION • Family planning means planning by individual or couples to have only the children they want, when they want them, this is responsible parenthood. • Family welfare includes not only planning of birth, but they welfare of wholes family by means of total family health care. The family welfare programme has high priority in India because its success depends upon the quality of life of all citizens.
3. HISTORY OF FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME • It was started in the year 1951. • In 1977, the government of India redesignated the NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMME as the NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME also changed the name of the ministry of health and family planning to ministry of health and family welfare.
4. Cont… • It is a reflection of the government anxiety to promote family planning through the total welfare of the family. • It is aimed at achieving a higher end i.e. to improve the quality of life of the people.
5. Cont… • India is the first country in the world that implemented the family welfare programme at government level. • Health is a part of concurrent list but centers provides 100% assistance to states for this programme.
6. Cont… • Government has concentrated on this programme in various five year plans through higher priority was accorded to it after fourth five year plan. • Due to bad effect of emergency and faulty propaganda family planning suffered major setback, during 1977-1979.
7. Cont… • It was decided in national health policy in 1983, and then net reproduction rate should be one by the year 2000. • The 7th five year plan placed more emphasis on the use of spacing methods between the birth of two children
Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid Haroon Rashid
Subject - Community Health Nursing II, Topic - Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 4th year in Florence College Of Nursing
Population policy in general refers to policies intended to decrease the birth rate or growth rate.
Statement of goals, objectives and targets are inherent in the population policy.
History
National Population Policy 2000
Objectives
National Socio-Demographic Goals
Conclusion
This includes introduction regarding the topic, five year plans ,their aims , objectives and functions mainly related to maternal and child health services .
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
2nd year BSc Nursing - UNIT - 7 Population control.pptxthiru murugan
2nd Year B.Sc Nursing Community Health Nursing – IPopulation & Its Control
By,
M. Thiru Murugan
Population and its control (II BSc –Unit VII)
Population and its control
Population explosion and its impact on social, economic development of individual, society and country
Population control
Overall development: Women empowerment, social, economic and educational development
Limiting family size
Promotion of small family norm
Methods :
Spacing (natural, biological, chemical, mechanical methods etc)
Terminal : surgical methods
Emergency contraception
Population explosion
India is second largest country according to population
There are two things that affect the population size of the world
Birth rate- the number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year
Death rate- the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year.
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, more people are being born than are dying, so the population grows. This is called Natural increase
When the death rate is higher than the birth rate it is called the natural decrease.
Causes of Population explosion
Early attainment of puberty in girls.
Early marriage at the age of 15.
Low standard of living.
Illiteracy.
Lack of awareness regarding method of family planning.
Due to tradition & faith of god.
Stages of Population explosion
Countries go through five stages of population growth
High Stationary
Early Expanding
Late Expanding
Low Stationary
Declining
1.High Stationary
Stage 1:
Birth rate is high because there's no use of contraception, and people have lots of children because many infants die.
Death rate is high due to poor healthcare.
Population growth rate is zero.
Population structure- life expectancy is low, so the population is made up of mainly young people
2.Early Expanding
Stage 2:
Birth rate is high because there's no use of contraception
Economy is based on agriculture so people have lots of children to work on farms.
Death rate falls due to improved healthcare.
Population growth rate is very high.
Population structure- life expectancy has increased but there are still more young people than older people
3.Late Expanding
Stage 3:
Birth rate is rapidly falling due to the empowerment of women and better education.
The use of contraception increases
The economy also changes to manufacturing, so fewer children are needed to work on farms.
Death rate falls due to more medical advances.
Population growth rate is high
Population structure- more people are living to be older
4. Low Stationary
Stage 4:
Birth rate is low- people move to urban areas
This means there is less money available for having children.
Death rate is low and fluctuating.
Population growth rate is zero.
Population structure- life expectancy is high, so even more people are living to be older
5.Declining
Birth rate slowly falling
Death rate slow and fluctuating
Population growth rate is negative
Population structure: more older peoples then
This presentation is helpful for MBBS 1st year students to have basic Ideas on family health. This can be used by Masters in Public Health (MPH) students as well.
Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors and Family on Health and Disease.pptxIsaacLalrawngbawla1
This powerpoint presentation describe about family and cultural factors that impact health and health behaviours. It highlights the definition of family, types of family, functions and impact of family on the health of an individual. It also highlights the impact of cultural factors on health and health behaviour.
Limiting the number of children in a family means more resources for each child and more time for the parents to dedicate to each child.Family planning helps protect women from any health risks that may occur before, during or after childbirth. These include high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, infections, miscarriage and stillbirth.
Organisation and Management of Eye Care Programme Service Delivery ModelsHarsh Rastogi
Eye care program management: Efficient models ensure accessibility, quality, and sustainability, promoting community engagement and optimal vision health.
Community Eye Care Programmes in India..Harsh Rastogi
Community Eye Care Programmes refer to initiatives aimed at providing comprehensive eye care services to communities, especially in underserved areas, through a combination of outreach activities, primary eye care services, and community involvement.
NPCBVI and DBCS
Rehabilitation restores normal or near-normal function after illness, injury, addiction, or imprisonment, through retraining and medical treatment.
Rehabilitation is crucial in comprehensive care, ideally starting at the moment a patient enters the healthcare system, with programs available in specialized hospital units or independent community centers.
“Actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating, or minimizing the impact of disease and disability.”
The concept of prevention is best defined in the context of levels, traditionally called primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
Levels of preventions:
1. Primordial prevention
2. Primary prevention
3. Secondary prevention
4. Tertiary prevention
5. Quaternary prevention
Pathogenic microorganisms proliferate and invade bodily tissue, causing tissue harm and disease.
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites those are not normally present within the body.
An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent.
An infection may remain localized, or it may spread through the blood or lymphatic vessels to become systemic (body wide).
Microorganisms that live naturally in the body are not considered infections.
For example, bacteria that normally live within the mouth and intestine are not infections.
Infection prevention policies and practices are used in hospitals and other health care facilities to reduce the spread of infections.
“The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified population and the application of the study to control of health problems.”
Disaster preparedness & Management for Optometry.pptxHarsh Rastogi
Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.
The body of policy and administrative decisions and operational activities that pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels.
An applied science which seeks, by systemic observation and analysis of disasters, to improve measures relating to prevention, emergency response, recovery and mitigation.
Encompasses all aspects of planning for, and responding to disasters, including both pre and post disaster activities.
Role & responsibilities of mid level healthcare providersHarsh Rastogi
Role & responsibilities of mid level healthcare providers
Mid-level health providers (MLHPs) are health workers trained at a higher education institution for at least 2-3 years.
MLHP is a health provider who:
Who is trained, authorized and regulated to work autonomously,
Who receives pre-service training at a higher education institution for at least 2-3 years, and
Whose scope of practice includes (but is not restricted to) being able to diagnose, manage and treat illness, disease and impairments (including perform surgery, where appropriately trained), prescribe medicines, as well as engage in preventive and promotive care.
An Expert Committee (1971) of the WHO defined family planning as "a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily, upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes and responsible decisions by individuals and couples, in order to promote the health and welfare of the family group and thus contribute effectively to the social development of a country“.
Basic Human Rights
Scope of family planning services
Health aspects of family planning:
1. Women's health: Unwanted pregnancies, Limiting the number of births and proper spacing, Timing of births
2. Foetal health
3. Child health: Child mortality, Child growth, development and nutrition, Infectious diseases
The welfare concept
Small-family norm
Eligible couples
Target couples
Couple protection rate (CPR)
A stoma is an opening that is created to allow stool or urine to pass out of the body.
INDICATIONS FOR OSTOMY
SITES OF STOMA
SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE STOMA POUCH
STEPS TO CHANGE POUCH
IRRIGATION
COMPLICATIONS
NURSING MANAGEMENT
The term Women Empowerment refers to the increasing of the spiritual , social, political or economic strength of all women.
It is frequently seen that the empowered in their capacities develop confidence.
Empowerment of women is conceivably the sum of total of the points listed below or parallel capabilities:
Having the power of making decisions for self.
Having access to resources and information for proper decision making.
Need & importance of women empowerment
Definition
Women empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, social or economic strength of women.
It often involves the empowered developing confidence in their own capacities.
Women empowerment refers to women invest with power, especially legal power or official authority.
Principles
Social Empowerment of Women
Research article on Violence Against Women
Population explosion is the phenomenon of the size of a population tending to a very large number in a finite interval of time is called population explosion i.e., rapid increase in population for a long time may be termed as "population explosion".
Birth rate is much higher than the death rate for long time may lead to population explosion.
The literal meaning of population is "the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region".
The main factors affecting the population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration.
Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality.
The population change is calculated by the formula:
Population change = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)
Population explosion or overpopulation refers to a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat.
Every sixth person on globe today is every Indian.
India adds about 10 lakh persons to its population every fortnight.
India adds one Australia every eight months.
By 2045 or earlier, India would overtake china as the world's most populous country.
49% of the increase in India's population is from four states Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, UP.
Population growth, variation among nationsHarsh Rastogi
Group of individuals of species occupying a definite geographic area at a given time.
The population will continue to grow till equilibrium is achieved, i.e.
Number of births = Number of deaths
Population growing by 90 million/year.
Of which 93 % in developing countries .
Spread of public health programmes in developing countries.
Rise in food production after World War II.
Every second 4-5 children are born and 2 people die.
Nearly 2.5 persons get added every second.
Demography as the statistical study of human population with regard to their size & structure, their composition by sex, age, marital status and ethnic origin, and the changes to these population, like changes in their birth rates, death rates and immigration.
Demography is the branch of social size, structure, which deals with the study of size, structure and distribution of populations, along with the spatial and temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, ageing and death.
In demography the following three elements of population are given special attention:
Change in the size of population (increase or decrease)
Structure of population (on the basis of sex or age groups)
Geographical distribution of population (on the basis of state or territory).
“Referral system is defined as a system of transferring cases which are beyond the technical competence of one infrastructure to a higher level infrastructure/institution having technical competency and all other resources to provide desired health services.”
Geriatric nursing is the specialty that concerns itself with the provision of nursing services to geriatric or aged individuals.
Aging can be defined as the time-related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility.
Aging process is the process of growing old or developing the appearance and characteristics of old age.
The theories of aging are classified into -
Biologic theories
Psychosocial theories
Developmental theories
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight infection and disease.
The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), launched in 1992, is being implemented as a comprehensive programme for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in India. Over time, the focus has shifted from raising awareness to behavior change, from a national response to a more decentralized response and to increasing involvement of NGOs and networks of PLHIV.
Community Action: A 360° Approach to Understand and Prevent Violence against ...Harsh Rastogi
Violence Against Women (VAW) is a public health concern. It affects the physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health of women. Despite rising levels of education and pro-women laws across India, VAW is a major concern in the state of Punjab. The aim of the study outlines the design and implementation of a community-developed VAW intervention. A 360° approach was used to view the complex interplay between individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors associated with VAW. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were used to identify community perceptions on VAW in the Fatehgarh Sahib District of Punjab. A community-based intervention named JAGO was designed and developed among a population of about 20,000 in 25 villages of Punjab. Operational meetings, IEC campaign, street plays, photography, gender sensitization workshops, painting competition, home visits, and village-level celebrations and pledge presentation ceremonies were also conducted.
“Actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating, or minimizing the impact of disease and disability.”
The concept of prevention is best defined in the context of levels, traditionally called primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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2. Learning objectives
• After going through this unit, you will be able
to-
• State the meaning of small family norms;
• Explain the nature of small family norms;
• Indicate the benefits of small family norms; and
• Identify the barriers of small family norms.
3. Introduction
• A small family is the need of the hour, especially in
India where population explosion is a major problem
confronting the country.
• Unless population growth in the country is checked
with everyone adopting the small family norm,
quality of life in our country will continue to be far
below the global standards.
4. Cont…
• While availability of food, health services and
educational facilities in the developed countries are
improving, these are continuously on the decline or
are stagnant in our country because of the growing
population.
• With too many people applying for too few services
or products in the country, the quality of life is
affected considerably in our country.
5. Cont…
• Industrialization has resulted in tremendous changes
in the life style of the people in the developed
countries.
• Though a small percentage of the people in our
country have a life-style that matches the western
standards, a majority of the population are still below
the poverty line because of unemployment and
underemployment resulting from population
explosion.
6. Cont…
• If the living standards of the majority of Indians are to
improve, everyone should adopt the small family
norm.
• In this unit, we shall discuss the meaning, nature and
advantages of small family norms.
• Again, we shall discuss here about the problems that
arise while adopting small family norms.
7. Meaning of Small Family Norms
• Small family norm connotes control over the number
of children.
• The rate of reproduction and the level of
acceptance of family control methods are to a large
extent influenced by what people consider as the
ideal family size.
• Adoption of small family norms is today not only
desirable but almost a necessity.
8. Cont…
• It has become difficult to survive with a large family
particularly because of rising cost of living, growing
needs and necessities.
• It is a fact that a small family is a happy family.
• Lesser number of children is a boon not only to
their parents but also to the country.
• They have better chances of food, clothing and
education.
9. Cont…
• Too many children are a burden for the society or
family.
• Over-population is a bane.
• All the plans of progress and development stand
nullified when the family is in trouble; happiness
vanishes.
• One son and one daughter are ideal. Too many sons
and daughters cause misery and unhappiness.
• They invite unnecessary trouble. In other words,
too many children cause problems.
10. Cont…
• India was the first country in 1952 to implement
established population policies, in a series of Five
Year Plans starting from 1951.
• In the First Five Year plan, from 1951 to 1956, the
Planning Commission had recognized the necessity of
a population policy and had identified family planning
as an important component of the legislation.
• Hence family planning had received 100% funding
from the central government during that period.
11. Cont…
• In the next five years, from 1956 to 1961, the method
of sterilization was emphasized, and by the next 5
years, family planning programs were placed as
national priority.
• In 1966, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
was set up to manage the new population policy,
called Small Family Norm that encouraged families to
have only two children.
• The symbol for family planning health and
contraception services is an inverted red triangle.
12. Cont…
• A small family not only alleviates the problem of
overpopulation at the national level but also benefits
the welfare and health of individual families.
• This is because although India has a booming
economic growth rate, there are not enough
resources to withstand effective improvement among
the large majority of the poor and sustain the
flourishing economic growth rate.
13. Cont…
• Therefore, to bring about qualitative change, it is an
urgent need for the Indian government to curb the
problem of overpopulation and opt for a slower
population growth.
• However, the birth rate control method is not as
effective as it should be, as there are no disincentives.
• Hence due to various factors such as religion, culture
and social-economic, this is not widespread,
especially in rural areas and urban slums.
14. Nature of Small Family Norms
• The main motive behind small family norms is to
control the population of the particular country.
• Every society should develop definite behavioural
patterns to ensure a certain norm of family size.
• These behavioural patterns are mainly based on
marriage, age of marriage, preferences for sex, values
and roles of children etc. which automatically result in
ensuring the normatively desired family size.
15. Cont…
• The two extremes of the family size norm could
extend from ‘no child family’ to ‘as many children as
God may will’.
• Within these two extremes, the norms vary from
society to society, depending upon its socio-economic
and health, particularly mortality status.
• One could expect change in family size norm
corresponding to changes in socio-economic status of
any given society.
16. Cont…
• However, this change is not simultaneous because
the normative values and behaviour patterns change
at a slower pace as compared to economic progress.
• This cultural lag usually results in increased
unhappiness in the individual families and society.
• It is one of the main goals of the national family
planning programmes of every country to bridge this
gap and enable individual families to adjust to
changing situations so that they can maximise the
gains accruing to them as a result of overall socio-
economic progress.
17. Advantages of Small Family Norms in
Population Control
• A small planned family has many advantages and
benefits.
• The planning for a family starts from marriage at
proper age.
• The safest age for the good health of both the mother
and child is 20 to 30 years.
18. Cont…
• The reasonable gap between two children will give
mother sufficient time to replenish her body
nutrients depleted during the earlier pregnancy.
• Discussed below are the advantages of small family
norms in population control.
19. 1. Advantages for Mother:
• Small family norms help to maintain the health of the
mother.
• It also helps to minimise the fear of unwanted
pregnancy.
• Small family norms minimise the number of children
and it helps to lessen strain and worry that arises
from having many children.
• It helps the mother to give more time and energy to
her children.
20. Cont…
• It also helps the mother to spend more time on the
education and vocation of her children.
• Small family norms provide better job opportunities
to the mother as she is then free from family
problems that exists in large families.
• Small family norms help the mothers to save the
health of children.
21. 2. Advantages to Child:
• Child will have conducive atmosphere for his proper
physical and psychological growth and development.
• Child gets proper nutrition, education, prenatal care
and love.
22. 3. Advantages to Father:
• Father can provide children with better education,
comfort, food, clothing and recreation.
• He will be more relaxed and enjoy good health.
• He will improve living standards, better health and
better quality of life.
23. 4. Advantages for Community:
• Small family leads to conservation of natural
resources and savings.
• Small family norm helps the nation to have enough
schools, hospitals and other basic services.
• Small family yields more employment.
• Small family norms provide happiness, peace,
harmony and prosperity among the people of a
nation.
24. Barriers of Small Family Norms
• Different barriers of small family norms are discussed
below:
1. Religious Barriers
2. Demographic Barriers
3. Economic Barriers
4. Educational Barriers
25. 1. Religious Barriers
• Preference for Son:
• In Indian society, desire or preference for a son is
deeply rooted.
• The son is a religious necessity as he performs last
rites of the parents believed to be necessary for the
salvation of the soul.
• The son is also old age insurance to the parents.
26. Cont…
• God Given Children:
• There is a religious belief among some sections of the
society that it is the will of God that has bestowed
children to them.
27. 2. Demographic Barriers:
• Early Marriage:
• Early marriage is prevalent in our society.
• Child marriage contributes to virtually every social
problem that gives India a low ranking in women’s
right.
28.
29. Cont…
• Lack of Adequate Knowledge of Family Planning
Methods:
• Contraceptive use is very low among married couples
in India.
• Main reason behind this is lack of proper knowledge
about family planning methods.
30. Cont…
• Large Family system:
• For a long time, large family system provided facilities
for the care and bringing up of children.
• Couples saw safety in large families.
• This also hampers the norm of small family.
31. 3. Economic Barriers:
• Low Standard of Living:
• This is another barrier of small family norms.
• Low standard of living encourages particular section
of people to indulge in sex play as entertainment.
32.
33. Cont…
• Backward Agricultural Economy:
• In India, which practised agriculture of the traditional
type for a number of decades, a large number of
children were considered as an advantage.
• Even if a few of them did not survive beyond ten to
fifteen years, certain functions of economic nature
like tending cattle or carrying out simple tasks in the
fields could be fulfilled by the younger ones.
34.
35. 4. Educational Barriers:
• Illiteracy of Masses:
• Lack of mass literacy has been undoubtedly an
important factor in having large families.
• Without adequate literacy and education, people
remain unacquainted with the benefits of increased
knowledge.
• They believe in superstitions and sometimes think
that large families are the gift of God.
• They become fatalists.
36. Cont…
• Neglect of Girls’ Education:
• Lack of girls’ education create different problems
while adopting small family norms.
• As most women have no knowledge about family
planning due to lack of education, they pose an
obstacle in the fulfilment of the dream of small family
norms.
37. 5. Recreational Barriers:
• Lack of Means of Entertainment:
• A substantial section of people for years have remained without
adequate recreational facilities.
• This factor became responsible for them indulging in sexual
activity and desiring pleasure from it.
38. Cont…
• More Leisure Time:
• Main occupation of nearly 70% of Indian population is
subsistence agriculture.
• Agriculture is unable to provide employment
throughout the year.
• Thus there is lot of leisure time at their disposal.
• The easiest time pass for them has been to occupy
themselves in sexual activities, resulting in large
families.
39. Interventions
• In order to remove barriers of small family norms,
Government should take certain measures such as:
• Provide adequate recreational facilities to the masses
which will be effective for economic growth of the
family and maintaining the norm of small family.
• Proper functional education regarding small family
norms should be provided to poor and illiterate
people of our country.
• Voluntary maternity of women should have a proper
place of information in the health centres.
40.
41. Cont…
• Family planning programme should be made a
people’s programme.
• This will allow the couples to decide their family size
and also the time spacing of their offspring.
• Role of voluntarily organisations is very important in
this regard.
• Different Government and Non-Government
Voluntary Organisations play effective and
operational role in controlling the population of our
country.
42.
43. Cont…
• Modernised improved methods should be introduced
in the agricultural operations throughout the country
for raising its productivity.
• This can also raise the standard of living of the people
and indirectly reduce the birth rate.
• Mass-media, song, drama and extension education
are some methods through which the people are
approached and educated for family planning
programme.
44.
45. Cont…
• Opening family planning centres throughout the
country can play an effective role in limiting the size
of the family.
• The Government should introduce various incentive
schemes for adopting small family norms such as cash
incentive, preference for employment, preference for
insurance, promotion etc.
46. Cont…
• To conclude, it is said that family size influences the
overall family welfare and happiness of a country. Its
influence on the wellbeing of children is particularly
marked.
• To plan for small family with one or two children is to
plan for happy family.
47. Promotion of Small Family Norms
• There are so many measures for the promotion of
small family norms.
• These are followings:
• Prohibition of the child marriage.
• Promote literacy rate to understand the importance
of small family norms.
• Provide sex education, especially for eligible couple.
• Increase recreational facilities.
48.
49. Cont…
• Enhance women empowerment.
• Deliver behaviour change communication for
optimum utilization of family planning services.
• Implement social security programmes.
• Make arrangement for effective implementation of
family welfare services.
• Improve standard of living than can promote small
family norms.
50. Cont…
• Encouragement of research activities, particularly in
the field of planning services.
• Limits traditional and cultural practices, e.g.
Customs dictate that every woman must marry and
every man must have son, children are gift god, and
their birth should not be obstructed
• Prohibits the tendency like more children mean
more help for work.
• Door to door campaigns to encourage families to
accept the small family norm.
51. Cont…
• Encourage exclusive breast feeding that promotes
lactational amenorrhoea.
• Govt. of India launched minimum need programme
to raise the standard of living of the people
• Monetary incentives given to poor people to adopt
family planning measures.
• Creates wide spreads awareness of family planning
through television, radio, newspapers. puppet
shows etc.
52. Summery
• Unless the population growth in the country is
checked with all the people adopting the small family
norm, the quality of life in our country will continue
to be far below the global standards.
• If the living standards of the majority of Indians are to
improve, everyone should adopt the small family
norm.
53. Cont…
• Adoption of small family norms is today not only
desirable but almost a necessity. It has become
difficult to survive with a large family particularly
because of rising cost of living, growing needs and
necessities.
• A small family not only alleviates the problem of
overpopulation at the national level but also benefits
the welfare and health of individual families.
54.
55. Cont…
• Every society should develop definite behavioural
patterns to ensure a certain norm of family size.
These behavioural patterns are mainly based on
marriage, age of marriage, preferences for sex, values
and roles of children etc. which automatically result in
ensuring the normatively desired family size.
• The two extremes of the family size norm could
extend from ‘no child family’ to ‘as many children as
God may will’. Within these two extremes, the norms
vary from society to society, depending upon its
socio-economic and health, particularly mortality
status.
56. Cont…
• A small planned family has many advantages and
benefits. The planning for a family starts from
marriage at proper age. The safest age for pregnancy
for health of both the mother and child is 20 to 30
years. A reasonable gap between two children will
give the mother sufficient time to replenish her body
nutrients depleted during the earlier pregnancy.
• Main barriers of small family norms are: preference
for son, god given children, early marriage, lack of
adequate knowledge of family planning methods,
large family system, low standard of living, backward
agricultural economy, illiteracy of masses, neglect of
girls’ education, lack of means of entertainment,
more leisure time, etc.