This document discusses linguistic politeness and face. It explains that Brown and Levinson theorized that all cultures have a need to be polite in order to maintain face, which refers to one's public self-image and expectations of how one wishes to be treated. The document outlines that people behave as if their face wants, or expectations of self-image, will be respected by others. It also discusses that speakers can perform face-threatening acts and face-saving acts in their language use. Face-threatening acts are those that damage another's face, while face-saving acts are ways of speaking that lessen threats to another's face.

1. LUCIA PRATAMA
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2. The interpretation of what is
uttered usually
goes beyond what was intended
to be expressed, and includes
evaluations in terms of politeness.
Therefore, one can clearly
observe that much more is
communicated than is said during
a sociolinguistic interaction (Yule,
1996).

3.  Brown and Levinson (1978) suggest that a
need to be polite is common to all cultures.

4. In a common sense being polite -
showing good manners and
consideration for other people (e.g.
open the door for a lady, give your
seat to an elderly person in public
transport).
Linguistic politeness: the way people
choose to speak and how the hearers
react to their speech.

5. Brown and Levinson (1978) have
concluded that, in order to enter into
social relationships, all people must
acknowledge the face of other
people.
As a technical term, face means the
public self-image of a person. It
refers to that emotional and social
sense of self that every one has and
expects everyone else to recognize.

7. People generally behave as if their
expectations concerning their public
self-image, or their face wants, will be
respected.
o if a speaker says something that
represents a threat to another
individual’s expectations regarding
self-image, it is described as a face
threatening act.
The speaker can say something to

8. FACE SAVING ACTPerhaps you could just ask
him if he is going to stop
soon because it’s getting a
bit late and people need to
get to sleep.

9. I’m going to tell him to stop that awful noise
right now!

10. Negative face: the need to be
independent, to have freedom of
action, and not to be imposed on by
others.
Positive face: is the need to be
accepted, even liked others, to be
treated as a member of the same
group, and to know that his or her
wants are shared by others

11. Negative Face
The need to be independent and free.
For example: • I’m sorry to bother you.
• I know you’re busy.
Positive Face
The need to be connected and a
member of the group.
For example : • Let’s do it together.
• You and I have the same
problems.

12.  Politeness – “showing awareness of another
person’s face” (Yule, 1996: 134).
 Face-threatening act – “a threat to another
person’s self - image” (Yule, 1996:134).
 Face-saving act – “saying something that
lessens the possible threat to another’s
face”.