This document summarizes amoebiasis, caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It is prevalent in warm climates with unsanitary areas and is acquired by swallowing cysts. The cysts can survive a few days outside the body and pass into the intestines, where they may invade tissues and form liver abscesses. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and tenderness. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole and prevention focuses on sanitation, water purification, and hygiene.

1. AMOEBIASIS IS A PROTOZOAL
INFECTION INITIALLY INVOLVES
COLON LIVER LUNGS

2.  ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA.
 PREVALENT IN UNSANITARY AREAS.
 COMMON IN WARM CLIMATE .
 ACQUIRED BY SWALLOWING.
 CYST SURVIVES A FEW DAYS OUTSIDE OF
THE BODY .

3.  CYST PASSES TO THE
LARGE INTESTINE AND
HATCH INTO
TROPHOZOITESIT PASSES
INTO THE MESENTRIC VEINS
TO THE PORTAL VEIN TO
THE LIVER THEREBY
FORMING TO BECOME
AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS.

4. 1. TROPHOZITES/ VEGETATIVE FORM
ARE THE FACULTATIVE PARASITES
THAT MAY INVADE THE TISSUES OR
MAY BE FOUND IN THE
PARASITIZED TISSUES AND LIQUID
COLONIC CONTENTS.

5. 2. CYST
a. CYST IS PASSED OUT WITH FORMED
OR SEMI-FORMED STOOLS AND ARE
RESISTANT TO ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS.
b. THIS IS CONSIDERED AS THE
INFECTIVE IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF
E HISTOLYTICA.

6.  WHEN THE CYST IS SWALLOWED , IT
PASSES THROUGH THE STOMACH
UNHARMED AND SHOWS NO ACTIVITY
WHILE IN AN ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT .
 THIS THE FIRST OPPORTUNITY OF THE
ORGANISM TO COLONIZE AND IT’S
SUCCESS DEPENDS ON ONE OR MORE
METACYSTIC TROPHOZITES MAKING
CONTACT WITH THE MUCOSA.

7. HUMAN EXCRETA
(HUMAN EXCRETIONS)

8.  THE INCUBATION PERIOD IN SEVERE
INFECTION IS THREE DAYS.
 IN SUB ACUTE AND CHRONIC FORM
IT LASTS FOR SEVERAL MONTHS.
 IN AVERAGE CASES THE
INCUBATION PERIOD VARIES FROM
THREE TO FOUR WEEKS.

9. THE MICROORGANISM
IS COMMUNICABLE
FOR THE ENTIRE
DURATION OF THE
ILLNESS .

10.  THE DISEASE CAN BE PASSED FROM ONE
PERSON TO ANOTHER THROUGH :
FECAL-ORAL TRANSMISSION
DIRECT CONTACT
SEXUAL CONTACT
INGESTION OF FOOD ( UNCOOKED LEAFY VEGETABLES)
 FOOD OR DRINKS MAYBE CONTAMINATED BY CYST
THROUGH POLLUTION OF WATER
SUPPLIES,EXPOSURE TO FLIES USE OF NIGHT SOIL
FOR FERTILIZING VEGETABLES, AND THROUGH
UNHYGIENIC PRACTICES OF FOOD HANDLERS.

11. INGESTION OF BACTERIA
MULTIPLICATION IN MUCOSA
ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION AFFECTING THE LINING OF
THE SMALL INTESTINES, COLON AND CAPILLARY
NECROSIS OF THE MUCOSAL LAYER
ULCERATION
GANGRENE
TOXEMIA

12. 1. ACUTE AMOEBIC DYSENTERY
a. SLIGHT ATTACK OF DIARRHEA ALTERED WITH
PERIODS OF CONSTIPATION AND OFTEN
ACCOMPANIED BY TENESMUS.
b. DIARRHEA, WATERY AND FOUL-SMELLING STOOL
OFTEN CONTAINING BLOOD STREAKED MUCUS.
c. COLIC AND GASEOUS DISTENSION OF THE LOWER
ABDOMEN.
d. NAUSEA, FLATULENCE ABDOMINAL DISTENSION
AND TENDERNESS IN THE RIGHT ILIAC REGION
OVER THE COLON

13. 2. CHRONIC AMOEBIC DYSENTERY
a. ATTACK OF DYSENTERY THAT LASTS FOR
SEVERAL DAYS USUALLY SUCCEDED BY
CONSTIPATION.
b. TENESMUS ACCOMPANIED BY THE DESIRE TO
DEFECATE .
c. ANOREXIA, WEIGHT LOSS AND WEAKNESS .
d. LIVER MAY BE ENLARGED.

14. EXTRAINTESTINAL FORMS
a. PAIN AT THE UPPER RIGHT QUDRANT
WITH TENDERNESS OF THE LIVER.
b. JAUNDICE.
c. INTERMITTENT FEVER.
d. LOSS OF WEIGHT OR ANOREXIA.
e. ABSCESS MAY BREAK THROUGH THE
LUNGS, PATIENT COUGHS ANCHOVY
SAUCE SPUTUM.

15. 1.STOOL EXAM.
( CYST,WHITE AND YELLOW PUS WITH PLENTY OF AMOEBA)
2. BLOOD EXAM. ( LEUKOCYTOSIS)
3. PROTOSCOPY/ SIGMOIDOSCOPY.

16. 1. METRONIDAZOLE (FLAGYL) 800 Mg TID 5 DAYS
2. TETRACYCLINE 250 Mg EVERY 6 HOURS
3. AMPICILLIN,QUINOLONES.
4. STREPTOMYCIN
5. LOST FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES SHOULD
BE REPLACED

17. 1. OBSERVE ISOLATION AND ENTERIC
PRECAUTION
2. PROVIDE HEALTH EDUCATION AND
INSTRUCT PATIENT TO:
. BOIL WATER FOR DRINKING OR USE PURIFIED WATER
. AVOID WASHING FOOD FROM OPEN DRUM OR PAIL
. COVER LEFT OVER FOOD
. WASH HANDS AFTER DEFECATION OR BEFORE EATING
. AVOID GROUND VEGETABLES (LETTUCE, CARROTS)

18. 1. HEALTH EDUCATION
2. SANITARY DISPOSAL OF FECES
3. PROTECT, CHLORINATE, AND PURIFY DRINKING
WATER
4. OBSERVE SCRUPULOUS CLEANLINESS IN FOOD
PREPARATION HANDLING
5. DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF CARRIERS
6. FLY CONTROL ( THEY CAN SERVE AS VECTOR)

19. PRESENTED BY: ISAAC MELANIE ANDIA CIRILO
PRESENTED TO: MS. ROWENA QUITORIANO R.N