Pneumatic actuators are devices that convert compressed air into motion, commonly used in industrial gripping and moving operations. There are two main types: rotary actuators, which produce rotary motion, and linear actuators, which can be single-acting or double-acting. Single-acting cylinders operate in one direction with a spring, while double-acting cylinders facilitate movement in both extending and retracting strokes.

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PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS
 Actuators are output devices which convert energy from
compressed air into the required type of action or motion.
 In general, pneumatic systems are used for gripping and/or
moving operations in industry.
 These operations are carried out by using actuators.
Two types of actuators
1.ROTARY ACTUATOR
a.Gear Motor
b.Vane motor
2.LINEAR ACTUATOR
a.Single acting cylinder
b.Double acting cylinder
ROTARY ACTUATOR
These devices convert pneumatic energy into
rotary motion.
Rotary actuators are similar to electric motors but
are run on pneumatic power.
Example : pneumatic Gear Motor

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Pneumatic vane motor.
The rotor is placed eccentrically with the housing. Air enters
from the inlet port, rotates the rotor and thus torque is
produced.
Air is then released from the exhaust port (outlet).
LINEAR ACTUATORS:
These devices convert pneumatic energy into
linear motion.
Linear actuators are two types.

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1.Single acting cylinder
2.Double acting cylinder
SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER
single acting cylinders used in a linear motion to
perform movements such as clamping, positioning
and punching.
Single acting cylinders have one port where pressurized air enters
in one direction. A spring, or a load, is usually fitted to the piston.
Once air is cleaned and compressed it enters through the single
port forcing the piston to extend in one direction compressing the
spring.
Symbol
Actual image

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DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER
Double-acting cylinders use the force of air to
move in both extend and retract strokes.
Symbol
Actual image

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CYLINDER END CUSHIONING
cylinder cushions at the end of the cylinder to slow down the
movement of the piston near the end of the stroke.
Cushioning arrangement avoids the damage due to the impact
occurred when a fast moving piston is stopped by the end caps.
Actual shapes

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For more info watch this:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmz1h5fk2bI&t=1s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAUYQUovZzc