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Fundamental of hydraulic components
The document provides a comprehensive overview of hydraulic systems, detailing their primary components including power sources, control units, and drive units. It elaborates on various types of pumps, valves, and hoses used in hydraulic machinery, emphasizing the distinction between positive displacement and centrifugal pumps. Additionally, it discusses the functioning of actuators and the role of hydraulic motors in converting fluid power to mechanical work.
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Fundamental of hydraulic components
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- 2. Hydraulic system consistsof following components Power sources units: 1) Tank or reservoir Pressurized tanks, Vented tanks, Oil cooler 2) Filters Suction filter, return line, Pressure line filters 3) Hydraulic Piping Hose , Pipe, Fittings, Pressure gauge, Temperature gauge 4) Positive displacement Pumps Internal/external gear Pump Screw,lobe,Vane ,Plunger pump, Piston pump Power Control Units: 1) Flow control valves Regulating type, Control type 2) Check valves NRV,Pilot operated check valves 3) Pressure control valves Pressure Relief valves , Unloading valves, Sequence valves, Pressure-reducing valves , Counterbalance valves, Safety Valve 4)Direction control valves Poppet, Spool , Rotary valves, One,two,three way, DRIVE units: 1) Actuators Linear, Rotary, 1,2CYLINDERS, Telescopic cylinder, Hydraulic motors Auxiallry Power source units: 2
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- 4. Basic Components inHydraulic Systems 4
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- 20. Particles In HydraulicOil 20
- 21. Contaminant Types AndCauses 21
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- 29. A hydraulic hoseis a high-pressure, synthetic rubber, thermoplastic or Teflon reinforced hose that carries fluid to transmit force within hydraulic machinery 3.Hydraulic hose 29
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- 36. 4. Hydraulic steelPIPES It also carries fluid to transmit force within hydraulic machinery 36
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- 39. • Positive displacement pump(Gear Pump): a specific amount of fluid passes through the pump for each rotation • Centrifugal pump (Vane Pump): no specific amount of fluid flow per rotation; flow depends on speed of blades 39
- 40. Positive displacement vsCentrifugal pump Curve 40
- 41. PISTON PUMPS PLUNGER PUMPS DIAPHRAGMPUMPS RECIPROCATING PUMPS GEAR PUMPS LOBE PUMPS SCREW PUMPS CAM PUMPS VANE PUMPS ROTARY PUMPS POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS PUMPS 41
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- 43. • Displacement relatesto how the output of the pump reacts to system loads – Non-positive-displacement pumps produce flow variations due to internal slippage. – Positive-displacement pumps produce a constant output per cycle 43
- 44. • A non-positive-displacementpump has large internal clearances – Allows fluid slippage in the pump – Results in varying flow output as system load varies 44
- 45. Key Feature ofa V-Displacement Pump • Fixed Displacement Pump –A fixed volume of fluids will be provided in each revolution Variable Displacement Pump _The volume of supplying fluids may be change based on demands 45
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- 60. • Operation ofa lobe pump 60
- 61. • A typicalscrew pump 61
- 62. Operation Principle ofPiston Pumps 62
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- 65. A rotor-gear pumpis a variation of the internal-gear pump. 65
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- 71. If the pumpis the heart of a hydraulic system then the valve is the brain. Valves are used to perform a large variety of governing and controlling functions. Valves Function: • pressure control valves • flow control valves • check valves (non-return valves) • directional control valves 71
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- 73. Form: a) Spherical b) c)d) e) Conical f) Plate g) Spool valve Poppet valve Aspects of classification 73
- 74. Flow valvesBasics: The velocityof hydraulic cylinders can be influenced by the flow rate. This can be done by an adjustable pump or by a flow rate control valve. The flow rate is changed by changing an orifice surface area or by changing the pressure difference on a resistance or dividing the flow rate. Advantages of flow valves are: simplicity safe operation good dynamic behaviour precision Disadvantage: the relatively high energy losses Types: Restrictor valves (throttle valves) Flow control valves Flow dividing valves 74
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- 79. Control Valves RegulatingValves Restrictor Orifice One Way Two Way 79
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- 84. (a) In flowcontrol (b) out flow control 84
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- 89. Pilot pressure toopen check valve 89
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- 91. 1. Relief valves 2.Unloading valves 3. Sequence valves 4. Pressure-reducing valves 5. Counterbalance valves 6. Safety Valve 91
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- 96. 1- Direct ActingRelief Valve (PRV) 96
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- 98. Fs > Fp Fs< Fp 98
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- 103. Normal flow, noover load Pressure relief valve 103
- 104. 2- Pilot-Operated ReliefValve 104
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- 106. 2- Pilot-Operated ReliefValve 106
- 107. 2- Pilot-Operated ReliefValve 107
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- 121. Directional Control Devices •Typical spool valve 121
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- 137. Solenoid Operated SpoolValves 137
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- 143. ACTUATORS Hydraulic actuatorsconvert the fluid power from the pump into mechanical work. A hydraulic cylinder is a linear actuator. A hydraulic motor is a rotary actuator. 143
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- 153. HYDRAULIC MOTORS Thefunction of hydraulic motors is the opposite of hydraulic pumps: Pump It draws in oil and displaces it, converting mechanical force into fluid force. Motor Oil under pressure is forced in and spilled out, converting fluid force into mechanical force. 153
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