A pneumatic circuit is usually designed to implement the desired logics. However, there are several basics circuits, which can be integrated into the final circuit
Pneumatics Circuits Components (Circuit details)S K
This are the slides of pneumatic circuits based.Copyright of this slides are not allowed without my permission. In case of that, strongly actions will taken.
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
CIM is the architecture for integrating the engineering, marketing and manufacturing functions through information technologies. In the broad
sense, CIM involves the integration of all the business processes from supplier to end consumer.
This chapter introduces Basics of Pneumatics, Advantages & Disadvantages, Application and symbols to students who are taking Pneumatics and Hydraulics course in Polytechnics
Pneumatics Circuits Components (Circuit details)S K
This are the slides of pneumatic circuits based.Copyright of this slides are not allowed without my permission. In case of that, strongly actions will taken.
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
CIM is the architecture for integrating the engineering, marketing and manufacturing functions through information technologies. In the broad
sense, CIM involves the integration of all the business processes from supplier to end consumer.
This chapter introduces Basics of Pneumatics, Advantages & Disadvantages, Application and symbols to students who are taking Pneumatics and Hydraulics course in Polytechnics
Definition of Automation
Automated Manufacturing Systems
Types of Manufacturing Automation
Levels of Automation
Computerized Manufacturing Support Systems
Reasons for Automation
Automation Strategies-The USA Principle
Ten Strategies for Automation and Process Improvement
Automation Migration Strategy
Benefits of Automation
References
Introduction to Pneumatic Systems:
Basic Requirements for Pneumatic System,Applications, Pneumatic fundamentals, Construction, working principle and operation of pneumatic power transmission system components like Power source, FRL unit, Actuators and control valves like DCV, FCV, PCV, time delay, quick exhaust, twin pressure, shuttle
This describes the mechanism of Computer Numerical Control along with its types, control system, motion system, Programming of CNC, G codes, Part programming, adaptive control machining etc.
Pneumatic circuits:
Basic pneumatic circuits, Development of single Actuator Circuits, Development of multiple Actuator Circuits, Cascade method for sequencing
A shuttle valve is a type of valve which allows fluid to flow through it from one of two sources. Generally a shuttle valve is used in pneumatic systems, although sometimes it will be found in hydraulic systems.
Definition of Automation
Automated Manufacturing Systems
Types of Manufacturing Automation
Levels of Automation
Computerized Manufacturing Support Systems
Reasons for Automation
Automation Strategies-The USA Principle
Ten Strategies for Automation and Process Improvement
Automation Migration Strategy
Benefits of Automation
References
Introduction to Pneumatic Systems:
Basic Requirements for Pneumatic System,Applications, Pneumatic fundamentals, Construction, working principle and operation of pneumatic power transmission system components like Power source, FRL unit, Actuators and control valves like DCV, FCV, PCV, time delay, quick exhaust, twin pressure, shuttle
This describes the mechanism of Computer Numerical Control along with its types, control system, motion system, Programming of CNC, G codes, Part programming, adaptive control machining etc.
Pneumatic circuits:
Basic pneumatic circuits, Development of single Actuator Circuits, Development of multiple Actuator Circuits, Cascade method for sequencing
A shuttle valve is a type of valve which allows fluid to flow through it from one of two sources. Generally a shuttle valve is used in pneumatic systems, although sometimes it will be found in hydraulic systems.
Classification of Pneumatic Elements Included Valves, CompressorMohammad Azam Khan
Pneumatic systems range from simple air-driven pistons to multiple-actuator mining operations. All pneumatic systems use a source of compressed air to power moving parts, or actuators. Pneumatic systems commonly use compressed atmospheric air, as it is abundant and inexpensive. Atomized oil is added to the air in some blends to ease its passage through mechanical systems. Pneumatic systems are generally preferred over similar, liquid-using hydraulic systems, due to their quietness, ease of use and cost efficiency.
5. Process Automation Practical (N Scheme).pdfShainjithR
Process automation is about hydraulic cylinder, pump and pneumatic pressure and pneumatic pump that can be used in different operations during Mechanical works
IL 0 Group II Group I Select GP I Select GP II Solution Basic P.pdferremmfab
IL 0 Group II Group I Select GP I Select GP II
Solution
Basic Pneumatic Circuitry For control and automation 2. Contents Introduction Symbols
Circuit layout Actuator control 2/2 Valve Actuator control 3/2 Valve Actuator control 5/2 Valve
Sequential control Sequence solution 5/3 Valves Poppet/spool logic Balanced spool logic
Feedback Click the section to advance directly to it 3. Introduction This module shows the
methods of application of pneumatic valves and components for control and automation The
methods of pure pneumatic sequential control are confined to simple examples The majority of
modern systems are controlled electronically and is the subject of electropneumatic modules A
message to pneumatic circuit designers: Use proven and reliable design techniques Produce
circuits and documentation that are clear to read Design for safety Do not try to be too clever, the
circuit will be difficult for others to read and maintain 4. Symbols The standard for fluid
power symbols is ISO 1219-1. This is a set of basic shapes and rules for the construction of fluid
power symbols Cylinders can be drawn to show their extreme or intermediate positions of stroke
and any length above their width Valves show all states in the one symbol. The prevailing state is
shown with the port connections Other components are single state symbols 5. Symbols single
acting actuators Single acting, sprung instroked Single acting, sprung outstroked Single acting,
sprung instroked, magnetic Single acting, sprung outstroked, magnetic 6. Symbols double acting
actuators Double acting, noncushioned Double acting, adjustable cushions Double acting,
through rod, adjustable cushions Double acting, magnetic, adjustable cushions Double acting,
rodless, magnetic, adjustable cushions 7. Symbols rotary actuators Semi-rotary double acting
Rotary motor single direction of rotation Rotary motor bidirectional 8. Symbols valves 2/2
Valve push button / spring 3/2 Valve detented lever operated 1 3/2 Valve push button / spring 2
10 12 2 10 12 3 2 10 12 3 1 1 9. Symbols valves 3/2 Valve differential pressure operated 2 12 3
10 1 5/2 Valve push button / spring 5/3 Valve double pressure operated spring centre 14 4 5 4 2 5
1 3 2 12 1 3 10. Symbols valves A valve function is known by a pair of numbers e.g. 3/2. This
indicates the valve has 3 main ports and 2 states The valve symbol shows both of the states Port
numbering is to CETOP RP68P and shows: when the valve is operated at the 12 end port 1 is
connected to port 2 when reset to the normal state at the 10 end port 1 is connected to nothing (0)
2 12 10 3 1 11. Symbols valves A valve function is known by a pair of numbers e.g. 3/2. This
indicates the valve has 3 main ports and 2 states The valve symbol shows both of the states Port
numbering is to CETOP RP68P and shows: when the valve is operated at the 12 end port 1 is
connected to port 2 when reset to the normal state at the 10 end port 1 is connected to nothing (0)
2 12 10 3 1 12. Symbols val.
Professionalism in the workplace refers to the conduct, behavior, and attitudes expected of individuals while on the job. It encompasses qualities such as reliability, integrity, respect, accountability, and ethical behavior. Professionalism involves adhering to company policies, meeting deadlines, communicating effectively, and maintaining a positive attitude. It also includes dressing appropriately, demonstrating competence in one's role, and treating colleagues, clients, and customers with courtesy and respect. Overall, professionalism contributes to a productive work environment, fosters trust and credibility, and enhances the reputation of individuals and organizations.
Facility management (FM) is a profession that encompasses multiple disciplines to ensure functionality, comfort, safety and efficiency of the built environment by integrating people, place, process and technology.
Applications for Pneumatic Controls. Pneumatic systems are used in many places in our everyday world, including train doors, automatic production lines, mechanical clamps, and more. A pneumatic system uses air that is compressed in order to transmit and control energy.
Protecting what needs to be protected with the available technologies!
• Access control is the heart of Information Security!
• The right
• Flow of information between subject and object
• Mechanism to protect the assets!
The Four Major Elements are:
Identification,
Authentication,
Authorization and main is CONTROLLING !!
Fire Alarm Systems fall broadly into two groups - Conventional Systems or Analogue Addressable Systems.
• Conventional Fire Alarm Control System
• Analogue Addressable Fire Alarm System
Intelligent Addressable Fire Alarm System
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint, or mesh wireless links.
The main purpose of HVAC is to provide the people working inside the building with “CONDITIONED AIR” so that they will have a comfortable and safe work environment.
A BMS system collects the operating information required for intelligent building management.
It analyses the operation of the building systems by viewing all important temperatures, humidities and equipment status.
To:
Ensures energy savings
Improves building operations
Improves building operations allowing remote control/over-ride where necessary
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by having a faster reaction time to problems
The fluid discharged by the pump is directed to the ‘hydraulic actuator’.Theactuatorconvertthepressureenergyofthefluid into mechanical energy. There are 3 basic type of hydraulic actuator.
• Theactuatorsconvertthefluidpressuretoasuitablelinearor rotary motion.
• Linearmotion–Hydrauliccylinder
• Rotary motion – Hydro motor
• Rotarymotion–Semi-rotaryactuator
The pressure energy is fed to the actuator through a number of control block called valves.
• Various type of valve are used in hydraulic system to control or regulate the flow medium.
• Basicallyvalvesareexpectedtocontrol: – Direction
– Pressure
– Flow
– Otherspecialfunctions.
The hydraulic power unit (power supply unit) provides the energy required for the hydraulic installation. Its most important components are
The reservoir (tank) , Drive (electric motor), Hydraulic pump, Pressure relief valve , Filter and cooler.
Hydraulic accumulator is an accessory of a hydraulic system.
A hydraulic accumulator is a pressure storage reservoir in which a non-compressible hydraulic fluid is held under pressure by an external source.
The external source can be a spring, a raised weight, or a compressed gas. An accumulator enables a hydraulic system to cope with extremes of demand using a less powerful pump, to respond more quickly to a temporary demand, and to smooth out pulsations. It is a type of energy storage device.
• A pump is the heart of the hydraulic system, convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.
• Main purpose of the pump is to create the flow of oil through the system & thus assist transfer of power & motion.
• The combined pumping and driving motor unit is known as hydraulic pump.
• The hydraulic pump takes hydraulic fluid (mostly some oil) from the storage tank and delivers it to the rest of the hydraulic circuit.
• In general, the speed of pump is constant and the pump delivers an equal volume of oil in each revolution.
They have the following primary tasks:
– Power transmission (pressure and motion transmission) – Signal transmission for control
• Secondarytasks:
Lubrication of rotating and translating components to avoid friction and wear
Heat transport, away from the location of heat generation, usually into the reservoir
Transport of particles to the filter
Protection of surfaces from chemical attack, especially corrosion
The study of hydraulics deals with system operated with hydraulic oil media to impart power or to control power.
• Hydraulicpoweristhepowerthatistransmittedbypressurizedoil.
• It may be used to power machines or to control or to regulate machines.
Condensers and evaporators are basically heat exchangers in which the refrigerant undergoes a phase change. Next to compressors, proper design and selection of condensers and evaporators is very important for satisfactory performance of any refrigeration system.
A throttling device is the generic name of any device or process that simply dissipates pressure energy by irreversibly converting it into thermal energy. Unlike nozzles and diffusers, throttling devices provide no form of useful energy recovery. They merely convert pressure energy into thermal energy through dissipative viscous flow processes. A throttle need not have same inlet and outlet flow velocities, and, therefore, it may have a significant specific kinetic energy changes across it.
A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.
Kaizen, also known as continuous improvement.
It is a long-term approach to work, that systematically seeks to achieve small, increased changes in processes in order to improve efficiency and quality.
Lean Manufacturing (Concepts, Tools and Quality Management)Mohammad Azam Khan
Lean manufacturing began in Japanese manufacturing in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It is most often associated with Toyota. Its basic usefulness is in providing the tools to identify and eliminate waste throughout the manufacturing process, thereby increasing efficiency and profit. Quality improves as production time and cost are reduced. Toyota added an additional element, evenness of work flow, which helps expose inefficiencies in production that allow companies to redesign manufacturing processes for maximum profit.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. How to actuate a single acting cylinder
Position 1 Position 2
3/2 way push button operated with spring return
3. How to actuate a single acting cylinder
Position 1 Position 2
3/2 way push button operated with spring return
4. How to actuate a double acting cylinder
Position 1 Position 2
5/2 way hand lever operated valve with spring return
5. How to actuate a double acting cylinder
Position 1 Position 2
5/2 way hand lever operated valve with spring return
6. Pneumatic Actuators
1. Pneumatic Cylinders
Used for linear motion
2. Pneumatic Rotary Actuators
Used for rotary motion
3. Pneumatic Semi-Rotary Actuators
Used for linear & rotary motion
7. Pneumatic Cylinders
The cylinders converts the energy of the compressed air into
linear motion which extend or retract the piston rod.
Graphic symbol
8. Pneumatic Rotary Actuators
The rotary actuators converts the energy into a rotary motion.
Most of them is Vane air motor.
Graphic symbol
9. Pneumatic Semi-Rotary Actuators
Limited rotary motion can be achieved by incorporating a rack and
pinion into a linear actuator or as seen opposite by a Vane Mechanism
within the body of the cylinder.
Graphic symbol
10. Solenoid Valve
Graphic symbol
Direct-Acting Solenoid Valve Animation.mp4
1. Apply Current
2. Magnetic Field Builds
3. Plunger Become Attracting Magnets
4. Magnetic Force Drives Plunger
11. Working principle of Solenoid Valve
When an electric current flow through a coil, a magnetic field is
generated
The following applies to the strength of the magnetic field.
• Increasing the numbers of windings
increases the field.
• Increasing the strength of
the current increase the field.
• Lengthening the coil reduces
the field.
13. Comparison between Pneumatic, Electro Pneumatic & PLC
based control System
Parameter Pneumatic System Electro Pneumatic
System
PLC Based Control
System
Power medium Compressed air Compressed air Compressed air
Control
medium
Compressed air Electricity(AC/DC) Electricity(voltage or
current control)
Final control
elements
Pneumatically actuated
directional control valves
Solenoid operated
directional control valve
Solenoid operated
directional control valve
Signal
processing
Using logic valves, time
delay valves, pressure
sequence valves etc
Using relays, timers,
counters, pressure
switches etc
Using program elements
for logic, time-delay,
counting etc.,
Signal
elements
Permits energy flow in
the normal position
Inhibits energy flow in the
normal position
Scans for ‘1’ signal state
to allow power flow
Timers
On-delay & Off-delay
pneumatic timers
(NO/NC type)
On-delay and Off delay
electrical/electronic
timers
Program elements in on-
delay, off-delay, and other
modes
Memory
elements
Pneumatic latch (5/2-DC
double-pilot valve)
Electrical latch (Dominant
ON and Dominant OFF
circuits) and 5/2-DC
double solenoid valve
Setting and resetting
instructions with coils or
boxes (set priority and
reset priority)
Counters
Up-counter & down-
counter(pneumatic)
Up-counter & down-
counter(electrical)
Program elements in up-
counting and down-
counting modes
15. General Malfunctions in pneumatic system
Disturbances Possible causes Rectification
Machine is working, but is
weakening in
performance due to
slower operation
Upstream flow restriction or air
starvation
•Fit larger pipe
•Install larger compressor
Downstream flow restrictions •Check twisted tube/blocked silencers
downstream and renew
Lack of lubrication •Lubricate machines
•Fit air line lubricator
Actuator is weakening in
performance due to
slower operation
Flow regulator set too low •Re-adjust flow regulator
Tube twisted •Re-new
Piston rod bent •Repair or replace actuator
Barrel dented
Machine stop Failed pneumatic or electrical
supply
•Re-establish power supplies
Faulty products due to
faulty machine
adjustments or
misalignment of
components
Adjusting mechanism out of
alignment
•Re-adjust mechanism
Insufficient power to a stamping
or pressing actuator
•Increase pressure to the actuator or
replace the actuator with a large one
Leakage Loose joints, fittings or glands •Tighten loose joints, fittings or glands
Faulty or damaged fittings or
ruptured pipes and hoses
•Replace or repair the defective part
16. Malfunctions in Pneumatic Cylinders
Disturbances Possible causes Rectification
With valve
connected, air
escapes out of vent
hole
(Double) cup packing is
leaking
•Replace cup packing
(Double) cup packing is loose
(or valve is defective)
•Tighten cup packing
Air escapes to
atmosphere at flange
bushing
Cup packing is leaking •Replace cup packing
Cup packing is mounted in
the wrong way
•Reverse cup packing
Air escapes at piston Groove ring is defective •Fit a new grooving
End position cushion
does not respond
Lip seal on the cushioning
plunger leaks or has been
fitted the wrong way round
•Fit a new lip seal
•Re-fit the lip seal
Single-acting
cylinder piston rod
does not return to
the end position
Composition spring is
damaged
•Fit a new spring
Misalignment of
piston/piston rod or
cylinder body
Excessive jerks •Align piston/piston rod or cylinder
body
Wrong operation •Set right the operation
17. Malfunctions in Pneumatic Valves
Disturbances Possible causes Rectification
Valve leak •Dirt
•Broken seals
•Weak or broken spring
•Excessive wear
•Remove dirt
•Replace seals
•Replace spring
•Lubricate
Valve operating
mechanism fails
•Line pressure too low
•Control plunger broken
•Groove ring defective
•Corrosive damage to
surfaces by condensate
•Set control pressure
•Replace plunger
•Replace defective part
•Use proper lubricant
Valve plunger does not
return back
•Look for broken spring •Replace defective part
Sluggishness of valves •Dirt collected in the valve
especially at the groove ring
•Clean the vent hole
Valve fails to pass the
rated amount of air
•Actuating means not stroking
properly
•Bent trip cam
•Worn tripping mechanism
•Set right alignment
•Straighten trip cam
•Replace defective part
Failure of solenoid coil •Coil loosely fixed to the
solenoid stem
•Coil vibrates
•Overheating of coils
•Mismatched coils and stem
•Fix coil firmly to solenoid stem
•Fix coil firmly
•Fix coil firmly
•Use matched coils and stem
18. General Safety Measures
1. Keep your work place clean before and after work.
2. Use personal protective devices for all hazardous
jobs.
3. Follow the standard procedure while operating a
machine.
4. Know your job thoroughly
5. Inspect daily for damaged tubing, fittings & leaks
6. Check the interlock system at regular intervals
7. Repair or replace components that show signs of wear
or damage
8. Clean the spillage of grease, oil, etc., immediately
9. Never direct the compressed air towards yourself or
anyone else for cleaning
10. Never use the compressed air for cleaning away chips
and dust. Flying particles can be dangerous.
19. Basics Pneumatic circuits
A pneumatic circuit is usually designed to
implement the desired logics. However, there
are several basics circuits, which can be
integrated into the final circuit.
20. In single acting cylinder compressed air is applied on only one side of
the piston face. The other side is open to atmosphere. For return
movement of the piston spring is used. This actuator can produce work
in only one direction. Single acting cylinder with built in spring the
stroke length is limited due to natural length of spring. Single acting
cylinder are available in stroke length up to approximately 100mm. Due
to construction and simplicity it is suitable for compact short stroke.
Ex. 1) Air pilot control of double-acting cylinder
21. Directional control valve are giving path to an air stream. It controls
actuator. The directional control valve is characterized by its number of
controlled connection or ways and by the number of switching position.
5/2 way D.C. valve has got 2 position and 5 ports i. e. 2 exhaust, 2
outputs & 1 input.
The 5/2 way valve is used primarily as a final control element for the
control of double acting cylinder.
Ex. 2) Air pilot control of double-acting cylinder
22. The 5/3 way valve has five ports and three position. In this valve lines
are closed in the middle position. This enables the piston rod of cylinder
to be stopped in any position over its range of stroke although
intermediate position of the piston rod cannot be located accurately its
symbol is as follows.
Ex. 3) Air pilot control of double-acting cylinder