Play & the Development of Animal Behavior
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Play is an activity seen across many animal classes that is voluntary, enjoyable, and not directly related to survival. It is most common in mammals due to their advanced nervous systems. Play takes different forms depending on age, such as parental-bonding play in young animals or social play that helps develop social skills. The main types of play include movement and body play that builds confidence, object play that stimulates brain development, and social play that prepares animals for adult interactions. More complex forms of play like imaginative and narrative play are most developed in primates.
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Solution
Answer:
Socioecology focuses on the relationship between social behavior and the natural environment
and favors selection for the individual’s daily survival. Sociobiology focuses on the genetic
predisposition to behaviors and those behaviors’ enhancement of reproductive success.
Socioecology:
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b. Distribution of food resources, water, predators and sleeping sites
c. Activity patterns (diurnal, nocturnal)
d. Relationship with other species
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Biology of behaviour
The biology of behavior involves the interaction between the body and mind. The document discusses the key bodily factors involved - receptors (sense organs), effectors (muscles and glands), and the nervous system. It provides details on the structure and functions of neurons, neurotransmitters, and the main parts of the brain and nervous system involved in behavior. The biology of behavior examines how activity in the nervous system relates to both behavior and mental processes.
BIOLOGY OF BEHAVIOR.pptx
The document discusses the relationship between the body and mind in human behavior. It explains that behavior involves the interaction of sense organs (receptors), muscles/glands (effectors), and the nervous system (integrator). The biology of behavior studies how nervous system activity relates to behavior and mental processes. Physiological psychology examines this relationship between bodily functions and the mind. Human behavior is influenced both by internal bodily conditions and external environmental factors interacting with innate hereditary traits.
Play and Its Role in Behavioral and Brain Development in Animals and Humans
This document discusses theories around the evolution and purpose of play in animals. It summarizes that while play was once thought to be a developmental phase or help build skills/endurance, studies have found little evidence for these explanations. Instead, play appears to significantly activate many areas of the brain in ways that may enhance brain connectivity and creativity. Bigger-brained species also tend to play more. Thus, play may have evolved to stimulate brain growth and development during sensitive periods, making animals more intelligent and behaviorally flexible.
Reflexes Chapter 6 Summary
I apologize, upon reviewing the document and summaries provided, I do not have enough context to generate a high-quality summary in 3 sentences or less. The document discusses several topics related to neural reflexes and the gastrointestinal system at a technical level without clearly connecting the information or stating an overarching purpose or conclusion. A summary would require making assumptions beyond what is directly stated. It may be better if you can provide a different document with a clearer focus to summarize.
Personality Theories
1) Hans Eysenck argued that personality involves both biology and environment. Using factor analysis, he concluded that personality can be categorized into two dimensions: extraversion-introversion and neuroticism.
2) Temperament refers to innate individual differences in attention, arousal, and reactivity that are genetically based. Various theorists have proposed between three to five dimensions of temperament.
3) Sigmund Freud proposed five psychosexual stages of development from infancy to adulthood that influence personality: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. Fixations during these stages can result in certain personality traits and behaviors.
Sensory strategies and issues presentation
Therapeutic listening is a sound-based intervention used to impact sensory modulation, attention, behavior, and motor skills. It combines sound therapy with sensory integration activities. Sensory processing disorder involves the brain's inability to integrate sensory information from the five senses. It can cause over-responsivity, under-responsivity, or sensory seeking behaviors. Occupational therapy uses strategies like therapeutic listening, sensory activities, and environmental modifications to help children with sensory processing issues.
Sensory strategies and issues presentation
Here are some tips for introducing new foods with pressure:
- Use a rubber spoon or finger to gently rub food onto the tongue.
- Place food in the center of the tongue where taste buds are located.
- Start with small amounts and work up to full bites.
- Praise any effort made to keep food in the mouth for tasting.
The goal is positive exposure to new textures and tastes. Be patient! Changes may occur gradually over repeated exposures.
senior sem paper
This document describes a study that examines how paired associate word learning is affected by the presence of a therapy dog, priming, and word imagery. College students were assigned to conditions involving the presence or absence of a therapy dog during the task, and whether or not they received priming by studying vocabulary words first. They then studied and were tested on their recall of word pairs that were either high or low in imagery. It is hypothesized that recall scores will be higher when a dog is present due to reduced stress and anxiety. Priming is also expected to improve recall by activating relevant memory representations. Consistent with prior research, higher imagery word pairs were expected to lead to better recall than lower imagery pairs. Interactions between the variables were
Sociology 5 socialization
This document discusses human socialization and development. It states that while infants have the innate capacity for social learning, they cannot develop into social beings without interaction with other humans. The process by which people learn the roles and norms necessary to function in their society is called socialization. Socialization is influenced by both nature (heredity) and nurture (environmental and social influences). The family, school, peer groups, media, and religion are some of the key agents of socialization that teach people the culture and help them develop relationships. Severe social isolation can damage human development, as shown by cases of children deprived of social contact.
Similar to Play & the Development of Animal Behavior (20)
The Nature of Hierarchy and the Curse of Social Comparison
The Nature of Hierarchy and the Curse of Social Comparison
How are we different from a Rock—Understand the effects of physiology on huma...
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8-2. Theories of MotivationAlthough psychologists agree that it .docx
8-2. Theories of MotivationAlthough psychologists agree that it .docx
What are socioecology and sociobiology What can they tell us about .pdf
What are socioecology and sociobiology What can they tell us about .pdf
Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour_20231220_130204_0000.pptx
Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour_20231220_130204_0000.pptx
Play and Its Role in Behavioral and Brain Development in Animals and Humans
Play and Its Role in Behavioral and Brain Development in Animals and Humans
More from Syed Muhammad Khan
International Agencies Involved in Conservation & Management of Wildlife
A brief introduction to some of the most important international agencies involved in conservation and management of wildlife.
International Agencies Involved in Conservation & Management of Wildlife
A brief presentation of some of the most important international agencies involved in conservation and management of wildlife.
Types of Bacteria
The document categorizes bacteria based on various parameters such as domain, temperature tolerance, oxygen requirements, pH tolerance, and salt tolerance. It discusses the three main domains of bacteria - Archaea, Eubacteria, which include most bacteria, and provides examples of extremophilic archaea that thrive in harsh environments. The document also describes different types of bacteria based on their nutritional requirements, including autotrophs that produce their own food and heterotrophs that consume organic matter.
Translational Regulation of Development
1. Translation of mRNAs can be regulated differentially through mechanisms like mRNA longevity, selective inhibition of translation, microRNAs, and cytoplasmic localization.
2. Stored mRNAs in oocytes are translationally dormant until fertilization, when inhibitors like Maskin are displaced allowing translation.
3. microRNAs bind to target mRNAs through complementary base pairing and inhibit translation through various mechanisms like blocking ribosome binding or recruiting enzymes to degrade the mRNA.
Oligotrophic Microbes - Life at Low Nutrient Concentrations
Oligotrophic microbes are able to survive in extremely nutrient-poor environments through various adaptations. They have low metabolic and growth rates compared to copiotrophs found in nutrient-rich environments. Examples of oligotrophic environments include deep ocean sediments, glacial ice, nutrient-deficient soils, and large areas of the open ocean. Specific oligotrophic bacteria that have adapted to these conditions include Pelagibacter ubique, the most abundant bacteria in oceans, and soil-dwelling Collimonas species, which can obtain nutrients from fungi and mineral weathering.
Differential RNA Processing & Animal Development
Differential RNA processing regulates animal development through nuclear RNA selection and differential RNA splicing. Nuclear RNA selection involves selecting which RNA transcripts get exported from the nucleus and translated, allowing different cell types to produce only necessary proteins. Differential RNA splicing allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins through varying combinations of exons, done by splicing different exons together to produce distinct mRNAs and proteins. This mechanism generates splicing isoforms and is regulated by spliceosomes, snRNPs, and splicing factors that recognize exons and introns.
Differential Cell Affinity
This document discusses differential cell affinity and the differential adhesion hypothesis. It explains that during development, cells show selective affinity for similar cell types over dissimilar types. This is due to cell adhesion molecules that allow cells to stick together. The differential adhesion hypothesis proposes that cells will actively move to create tissue organization based on their differing adhesion strengths - arranging themselves into the most thermodynamically stable pattern. Cells with stronger adhesion to their own type will cluster together, while cells with weaker adhesion between types will sort apart. Changes in gene activity can alter cell adhesion molecules and cause cellular movements to restore equilibrium.
Cell Adhesion Molecules
Cell adhesion molecules are proteins located on cell surfaces that allow cells to adhere to each other and maintain tissue structure. The most important type are cadherins, which are calcium-dependent transmembrane proteins that connect to other cadherins on adjacent cells and link to the actin cytoskeleton. Cadherins help organize cell layers and tissues during development by promoting adhesion between similar cell types and separation between dissimilar ones. Other classes of cell adhesion molecules include integrins, IgCAMs, and selectins, which provide both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent adhesion between cells and the extracellular matrix.
Barriers to Animal Dispersal
This document discusses various types of barriers to animal dispersal. It categorizes barriers into physiological, ecological, behavioral, and artificial barriers. For marine environments, key barriers include land masses, temperature, salt concentration, and pressure. In freshwater, land masses and salt concentration pose barriers. Terrestrial barriers include mountains, deserts, large rivers, rainfall regions, oceans, and human developments like urbanization and agriculture. The effectiveness of barriers depends on both the challenges they present and characteristics of attempting to cross organisms.
Australian Region
The document provides information about the Australian region, including its boundaries, climate, biomes, and vertebrate fauna. It notes that the region includes Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania, and surrounding islands. Several subregions are identified: Australian, Austro-Malayan, Polynesian, and New Zealand. The diverse climate and biomes within the region are described, including deserts, forests, and grasslands. The document highlights the region's large number of endemic and primitive vertebrate species, providing examples of unique freshwater fish, amphibians, and reptiles found within the Australian region.
Affinity Chromatography
Affinity chromatography is a separation technique that relies on the specific binding interaction between an immobilized ligand and its binding partner. It is commonly used to purify biomolecules like proteins and enzymes. The stationary phase contains a solid support with an affinity ligand that selectively binds the target molecule. The sample is loaded and the target molecule binds while contaminants are washed away. The bound target is then eluted by changing conditions to disrupt the binding. Affinity chromatography offers high specificity and purity but can be time-consuming and require expensive ligands.
Synaptic Transmission
The document summarizes key aspects of synaptic transmission between neurons. There are two main types of synapses - chemical and electrical. At a chemical synapse, the presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft that act on receptors in the postsynaptic cell. This can excite or inhibit the postsynaptic cell. The electrical synapse allows direct ion flow between connected cells. Over 50 chemicals act as neurotransmitters, including amino acids, biogenic amines, purines, and peptides. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, which can open ion channels or activate second messenger systems to have long-lasting effects on cell excitability.
Use of Centrifuge
Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate particles in a solution based on properties like density. Centrifuges are used for various purposes including separating blood components in laboratories, isolating cell organelles through cell fractionation, and separating uranium isotopes for nuclear programs. The cell fractionation process involves disrupting cells, filtering out large particles, and purifying organelles through high-speed centrifugation. Centrifuges also have commercial applications such as removing water from laundry, separating cream from milk, and processing materials in various industries.
Types of Bacteria
This document summarizes different ways that bacteria can be categorized, including by domain, temperature and pH preferences, nutrient requirements, shape, oxygen needs, and more. It discusses the two main domains of bacteria - Archaea and Eubacteria. Archaea are found in extreme environments and have unique cell wall composition. Eubacteria are more complex and diverse. Bacteria can also be classified as autotrophs or heterotrophs based on their carbon source, and as oligotrophs, copiotrophs or others based on nutrient tolerance levels. Their optimal temperature ranges include psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic. Shape categories include cocci, bacilli, and spirals. Oxygen
Transposable Elements or Transposition
Transposable elements, also known as transposons or jumping genes, are sequences of DNA that can change positions within a genome. Barbara McClintock discovered transposons in maize in the 1940s. There are two main mechanisms of transposition - replicative transposition, where the transposon replicates before moving to a new location, and non-replicative transposition, where the transposon cuts and pastes without replicating. Major bacterial transposons include insertion sequences, Tn3, and Tn10, which use different transposition mechanisms. Eukaryotic transposons were first discovered in maize and include the Ac and Ds elements, which alter maize kernel color, as
Translational Regulation of Development
The document discusses various mechanisms of translational regulation of gene expression, including:
1. Differential mRNA longevity, selective inhibition of mRNA translation in stored oocyte mRNAs, microRNAs, and control of RNA expression through cytoplasmic localization.
2. MicroRNAs inhibit translation by packaging with proteins to form RNA-induced silencing complexes that bind to target RNA.
3. mRNAs can be localized to specific cell regions through diffusion and anchoring, localized protection, or active transport along the cytoskeleton.
Transduction
Transduction is the process by which a virus transfers genetic material between bacteria. There are two types of transduction: generalized transduction, where any bacterial DNA can be transferred via a bacteriophage virus, and specialized transduction, where only specific bacterial genes adjacent to a prophage are transferred. Transduction is commonly used in molecular biology to introduce foreign genes into host cells and has medical applications like transferring antibiotic resistance genes between bacteria or using gene therapy to correct genetic diseases.
Thin Layer Chromatography
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures on a sheet coated with an adsorbent material like silica gel. TLC functions on the principle that compounds have different affinities for mobile and stationary phases, affecting their migration speed. To perform TLC, a sample is applied to the plate and developed in a solvent, which carries compounds up the plate at different rates. The plate is then visualized to view separated components, and Rf values are calculated to help identify compounds based on their distance traveled up the plate relative to the solvent front.
Teratogenesis
1. Teratogenesis is the process by which environmental factors cause birth defects during embryonic and fetal development. The period between weeks 3-8 of development carries the highest risk, as this is when organ systems are forming.
2. Important teratogens include alcohol, retinoic acid, endocrine disruptors, synthetic chemicals, heavy metals, and pathogens. Alcohol is the most devastating teratogen and can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, characterized by reduced brain and body size.
3. Retinoic acid is important for embryonic development but can cause abnormalities if exposure levels are too high, as seen in a study where women were accidentally exposed during pregnancy.
Bioenergetics & Regulation of Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate that occurs in 10 steps and produces ATP and NADH. In the preparatory phase, 2 ATP are used to phosphorylate glucose. In the payoff phase, 4 ATP and 2 NADH are produced, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose molecule. Glycolysis is regulated by 3 enzymes - hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. Hormones like insulin and glucagon also affect glycolysis rates, with insulin promoting it and glucagon inhibiting it.
More from Syed Muhammad Khan (20)
International Agencies Involved in Conservation & Management of Wildlife
International Agencies Involved in Conservation & Management of Wildlife
International Agencies Involved in Conservation & Management of Wildlife
International Agencies Involved in Conservation & Management of Wildlife
Oligotrophic Microbes - Life at Low Nutrient Concentrations
Oligotrophic Microbes - Life at Low Nutrient Concentrations
Recently uploaded
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
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Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
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Play & the Development of Animal Behavior
- 1. SYED MUHAMMAD KHAN (BS HONS. ZOOLOGY) pg. 1 Play & the Development of Animal Behavior Play is defined as a range of voluntary and internally motivated activities (spontaneous actions), normally associated with enjoyment and recreational pleasure, which aren't usually related to a direct and immediate increase of survival (or fitness) of the organism. Play in Various Animal Classes: Play is considered as an activity almost exclusive of mammals (it's known that almost 80% of mammals show different expressions of play), due to their highly developed nervous system in contrast to other organisms. Play has also been observed with less frequency on birds, and it also exists in other animal groups, such as reptiles, amphibians, or even fish, because some of them have shown rudimentary forms of play (mostly in captivity). Age Group and Play: Play has been considered an activity exclusive of young individuals, but the truth is that some animals (especially primates) keep playing during adulthood. Difference between Play and other Behaviors: The main difference between play and any other typical animal behavior (i.e. exploration of the environment), is creativity. When playing, an animal usually tries to manipulate objects or make new combinations of movements, in a controlled environment. The main objective of play is not to directly improve the survival of the animal, but to learn about its limits and abilities. TYPES OF PLAY AND THEIR FUNCTION: Play has different types, its meaning changes from youth to adulthood, and it can be accomplished individually or in a group along with other individuals. Various types of play are as follows:
- 2. SYED MUHAMMAD KHAN (BS HONS. ZOOLOGY) pg. 2 Parental-Bonding Play: During the early months of an animal's life, the establishment of emotional bonds between parents (especially mothers) and their offspring is an essential fact to assure both cognitive (mental) and emotional development. Despite being rudimentary, some gestures or actions which mothers and their youths establish (tickling, vocalizations, gazes) can be considered as different forms of play that allow offspring to react and develop. Chimpanzees’ mothers touch and tickle softly their young since the moment they are born, despite the fact they do not begin to respond to these stimuli until 6 months later. Chimpanzees’ mothers let other young chimpanzees to approach and interact with her baby after these 6 months. Movement and Body Play: Jumping, running, stretching the body, or even vocalizing (e.g. by singing or growling) are activities that benefit animals. The body play allows animals to test the limits of their own body and of their surrounding environment (How far can I jump? What effect has the gravity on my own body? Am I flexible enough to stretch my body and reach the next branch?). Movement play produces a feeling of joy in animals. It helps animals to earn self-confidence and it seems to have an important effect on brain organization. Object Play: Using objects during play is a usual fact in primates, but there exist other animals that also use them. The selected object acquires different and unique characteristics for the organism, which use it to have fun. The greater the level of manipulation of the object is, the bigger is the development of neural connections. For example, dolphins enjoy creating rings of bubbles. Manipulation and use of objects in play are well correlated with the ability of adults to solve problems, i.e. it prepares them for problem-solving in the future/adult life. Social Play: Social play refers to playing with peers/friends/siblings. It is not only the enjoyment of playing with other organisms the main benefit of social play, but the
- 3. SYED MUHAMMAD KHAN (BS HONS. ZOOLOGY) pg. 3 acquirement of abilities and behaviors that will be of major importance during adulthood. Some social play allows organisms to develop social skills (interaction) by the establishment of different codes of conduct and rules. At the same time, in some organisms (whether wolfs, primates or deer, carnivorous or herbivorous) social play prepares them to face a wide range of situations that will take place in adulthood, but in a safe and controlled environment, i.e. fights, bites and tests of strength, etc. Many animals in captivity, that don’t have a partner to play with or maybe that play in non- natural conditions, fail to establish healthy relations with other members of their species and can’t live in their original environment. Imaginative, Creative, and Narrative Play: Among all animals, primates are the most playful animals, they have developed play in a more complex way. Imaginative Play – the ability to create an imaginary universe and an own sense of your mind. Storytelling-Narrative Play – development of a story with a main narrative thread, permitting us to expand our inner stream of consciousness. Creative Play – drawing, music, sculpture, etc. These are only a few examples of the most complex forms of play. The maximum expression of all these forms of play takes place in humans.