The document discusses the relationship between the body and mind in human behavior. It explains that behavior involves the interaction of sense organs (receptors), muscles/glands (effectors), and the nervous system (integrator). The biology of behavior studies how nervous system activity relates to behavior and mental processes. Physiological psychology examines this relationship between bodily functions and the mind. Human behavior is influenced both by internal bodily conditions and external environmental factors interacting with innate hereditary traits.
The biology of behavior involves the interaction between the body and mind. The document discusses the key bodily factors involved - receptors (sense organs), effectors (muscles and glands), and the nervous system. It provides details on the structure and functions of neurons, neurotransmitters, and the main parts of the brain and nervous system involved in behavior. The biology of behavior examines how activity in the nervous system relates to both behavior and mental processes.
This PPT contains Unit 2 Biology of behaviour for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. The biology of behavior, also known as behavioral neuroscience or psychobiology, explores the relationship between biological processes and behavior. It delves into how the brain, nervous system, and other physiological factors influence behavior, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Understanding this relationship helps us comprehend various aspects of human and animal behavior.
This document provides an overview of the biological basis of human psychology. It discusses the main components involved in human behavior including receptors, effectors, and the nervous system. Receptors receive internal and external stimuli. Effectors are the organs of response, including muscles and glands. The nervous system acts as the connecting mechanism, integrating information from receptors and coordinating responses through effectors. Key parts of the central nervous system like the forebrain, hypothalamus, and limbic system are also outlined. The document emphasizes the interaction between biological and environmental factors in influencing human behavior.
This content is regarding body mind relationship which is part of nursing students syllabus. This topic will be useful for those who are studying psychology and other medical science subjects.
This document discusses the biology of behavior, including the relationship between the body and mind. It explains that the nervous system and glands play important roles in our thinking, feeling, and behavior. Both genetic and environmental factors influence behavior. The central and peripheral nervous systems are described, along with neurons, synapses, and the roles of muscles and glands in controlling behavior. Behavior is presented as an integrated response involving sensory input, nerve impulses, and motor output or functions controlled by the cerebral cortex.
This document outlines the various branches of psychology, categorizing them into pure and applied sciences. It provides brief descriptions of 20 branches of psychology, including general psychology, comparative psychology, developmental psychology, child psychology, adolescence psychology, abnormal psychology, experimental psychology, personality psychology, biological psychology, educational psychology, forensic psychology, clinical psychology, business psychology, industrial psychology, social psychology, environmental psychology, differential psychology, senescence psychology, and applied fields like business psychology and industrial psychology. The document aims to explain the scope and focus of each subfield within the broader discipline of psychology.
This PPT contains topic Learning from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.SC.Nursing.
Learning, as a cognitive process, involves acquiring knowledge, skills, understanding, and behaviors through experience, study, practice, or teaching. It's a fundamental aspect of human cognition, enabling individuals to adapt, solve problems, make decisions, and improve their performance in various domains of life. Cognitive processes play a critical role in how we perceive, encode, store, and retrieve information during the learning process.
This document discusses the relationship between the body and mind. It notes that the mind and body influence each other bidirectionally - mental processes like thoughts and emotions affect physical health and body states like health conditions affect mental health. Examples are given of how stress responses and lifestyle factors can impact conditions like heart disease. The document suggests mind-body exercises like yoga, tai chi, and meditation can help manage stress, anxiety, and pain while also improving mood and happiness.
The biology of behavior involves the interaction between the body and mind. The document discusses the key bodily factors involved - receptors (sense organs), effectors (muscles and glands), and the nervous system. It provides details on the structure and functions of neurons, neurotransmitters, and the main parts of the brain and nervous system involved in behavior. The biology of behavior examines how activity in the nervous system relates to both behavior and mental processes.
This PPT contains Unit 2 Biology of behaviour for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. The biology of behavior, also known as behavioral neuroscience or psychobiology, explores the relationship between biological processes and behavior. It delves into how the brain, nervous system, and other physiological factors influence behavior, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Understanding this relationship helps us comprehend various aspects of human and animal behavior.
This document provides an overview of the biological basis of human psychology. It discusses the main components involved in human behavior including receptors, effectors, and the nervous system. Receptors receive internal and external stimuli. Effectors are the organs of response, including muscles and glands. The nervous system acts as the connecting mechanism, integrating information from receptors and coordinating responses through effectors. Key parts of the central nervous system like the forebrain, hypothalamus, and limbic system are also outlined. The document emphasizes the interaction between biological and environmental factors in influencing human behavior.
This content is regarding body mind relationship which is part of nursing students syllabus. This topic will be useful for those who are studying psychology and other medical science subjects.
This document discusses the biology of behavior, including the relationship between the body and mind. It explains that the nervous system and glands play important roles in our thinking, feeling, and behavior. Both genetic and environmental factors influence behavior. The central and peripheral nervous systems are described, along with neurons, synapses, and the roles of muscles and glands in controlling behavior. Behavior is presented as an integrated response involving sensory input, nerve impulses, and motor output or functions controlled by the cerebral cortex.
This document outlines the various branches of psychology, categorizing them into pure and applied sciences. It provides brief descriptions of 20 branches of psychology, including general psychology, comparative psychology, developmental psychology, child psychology, adolescence psychology, abnormal psychology, experimental psychology, personality psychology, biological psychology, educational psychology, forensic psychology, clinical psychology, business psychology, industrial psychology, social psychology, environmental psychology, differential psychology, senescence psychology, and applied fields like business psychology and industrial psychology. The document aims to explain the scope and focus of each subfield within the broader discipline of psychology.
This PPT contains topic Learning from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.SC.Nursing.
Learning, as a cognitive process, involves acquiring knowledge, skills, understanding, and behaviors through experience, study, practice, or teaching. It's a fundamental aspect of human cognition, enabling individuals to adapt, solve problems, make decisions, and improve their performance in various domains of life. Cognitive processes play a critical role in how we perceive, encode, store, and retrieve information during the learning process.
This document discusses the relationship between the body and mind. It notes that the mind and body influence each other bidirectionally - mental processes like thoughts and emotions affect physical health and body states like health conditions affect mental health. Examples are given of how stress responses and lifestyle factors can impact conditions like heart disease. The document suggests mind-body exercises like yoga, tai chi, and meditation can help manage stress, anxiety, and pain while also improving mood and happiness.
The document discusses several key topics related to the biology of behavior:
1. It describes the relationship between the body and mind and how mental and physical states influence each other. It also discusses the role of genetics and the environment in influencing behavior.
2. It provides an overview of the nervous system, including neurons, synapses, and different parts of the brain like the cerebrum and diencephalon and how they relate to behavior.
3. It discusses factors like sensations, muscles, glands, and neurotransmitters and how they help control and regulate behavior.
This document provides an overview of the field of psychology. It defines psychology as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The document then discusses some important figures in the historical development of psychology like Aristotle, Wilhelm Wundt, who established the first psychology laboratory, and Sigmund Freud, who developed psychoanalysis. It also summarizes several major schools of thought in psychology such as structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and various contemporary approaches. Finally, it outlines several fields of psychology and discusses the relevance of psychology to the field of nursing.
The document discusses the relationship between the body and mind. It states that the body and mind cannot act independently, as they influence each other in an integrated response. A healthy mind exists in a healthy body and vice versa. The body is composed of organs and organ systems that have specific functions, while the mind refers to mental processes like thinking and reasoning, rather than the brain itself. The mind functions at different levels including conscious and unconscious levels. Both the mind and body can act upon each other - negative emotions produced by the mind can cause illness, while malfunctions of the body can affect mental functioning.
This document defines key terms related to human growth and development such as development, growth, and maturation. It then provides information on basic principles of growth and development including that development follows an orderly sequence, rates vary between individuals, and early development is more critical. The document also discusses prenatal influences and the nature vs nurture debate. It outlines theories of cognitive, social, emotional, and psychosexual development from theorists such as Piaget and Freud. Key developmental milestones from infancy through childhood are also summarized.
This document discusses mental hygiene, mental health, and strategies for promoting mental health. It defines mental hygiene as measures to reduce mental illness through prevention and early treatment. Mental health is defined as a state of balance and harmony between oneself and others. The document outlines concepts of mental hygiene including prevention, preservation, curative measures, and balanced personality development. It describes characteristics of mentally healthy individuals and warning signs of poor mental health. Finally, it discusses strategies for primary and secondary prevention of mental illness through strengthening individuals, families, and communities.
This PPT is of the first chapter in Psychology for B.Sc.Nursing students, named "Introduction to Psychology". Contents are according to the INC syllabus 2022-23.
Made by students of Government college of Nursing, Bengaluru.
Introduction: Clinical sociology merges sociological principles with applied practice to enhance individual and collective well-being. It leverages sociological insights to diagnose, intervene, and improve social issues, emphasizing the practical application of sociological knowledge in therapeutic contexts.
Definition: Clinical sociology applies sociological theories and methods to analyze and address social issues impacting individuals and communities. It focuses on practical interventions, collaborating with various stakeholders to foster positive social change, resilience, and empowerment. In essence, it bridges the gap between academic sociology and real-world challenges, aiming to improve social functioning and well-being.
This document provides an overview of attention presented by Ms. Suvitha, an assistant professor. It defines attention as the focus of consciousness on a particular object or idea. Some key points include:
- Attention is selective and can shift from one object to another. It allows us to concentrate on specific stimuli.
- Factors like interest, rewards, and emotions influence what we pay attention to. Internal and external factors also impact attention.
- Attention span refers to how long focus can be maintained without distraction. It is typically only a few seconds for visual and auditory stimuli.
- Distractions can alter attention by drawing it away from the original object. Noise, lights, and discomfort are common
This document provides information on human development across the lifespan. It begins with an introduction to developmental psychology and outlines the main stages of development from infancy to late adulthood. For each stage, it describes key physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and psychological characteristics. The roles of nurses in caring for individuals at different developmental stages are also discussed. Factors that influence development and developmental tasks for different periods are explained.
The biological basis of human behavior involves receptors, effectors, and connectors in the body and brain. Receptors receive external and internal stimuli through the senses. Effectors are muscles and glands that allow the body to respond. Connectors like neurons transmit signals between receptors and effectors. The central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, integrates these processes to produce human behavior. Behavior results from complex interactions between physiological systems in the body and brain.
This document discusses psychometric assessment of cognitive functions. It introduces various cognitive skills like processing speed, memory, problem solving. Neuropsychological testing measures cognitive impairment through tests of intellectual functioning, academic achievement, language, attention, memory, executive function, processing speed and more. Testing is used to identify developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and effects of conditions like brain injury, dementia, infections and mental illness. The conclusion emphasizes the importance for nurses to understand cognitive assessment tests to provide better care for patients.
Applied psychology involves using psychological principles and research to solve real-world problems in various fields. It focuses on implementing practical solutions rather than abstract theories. Some key areas of applied psychology include clinical, counseling, industrial/organizational, educational, forensic, health, and sports psychology. Applied psychologists work in various settings like healthcare, education, the workplace, and the legal system to address issues using techniques like cognitive behavioral therapy. The goal is to improve mental health, performance, safety, and overall well-being.
1. The document provides an introduction to the topic of psychology, outlining its history and development as a field of scientific study.
2. Psychology was formally established as a science in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt, who opened the first experimental laboratory in Germany. However, the roots of psychology can be traced back to early Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle who studied the mind and human behavior.
3. Over time, psychology evolved to become the scientific study of the mind, behavior, and mental processes. It is now a broad field that is divided into both pure and applied subfields which use scientific methods to better understand human thought and conduct.
This document discusses various cognitive processes including attention, perception, learning, thinking, and intelligence. It defines attention as the selective concentration of consciousness on one object over others. Perception is defined as the interpretation of sensory stimuli based on past experiences. Learning is described as a relatively permanent change in behavior through experience. Thinking is defined as a problem-solving process using symbols. Intelligence refers to the ability to understand the world, think rationally, and adapt to changes. The document outlines different types and factors influencing each of these cognitive processes.
This document discusses stress, including its meaning, types, causes, stages, symptoms, and management. It defines stress as the body's non-specific response to demands (Hans Selye) or an internal state caused by physical or environmental demands perceived as harmful or exceeding coping abilities (Morgan). The types of stress are distress, eustress, and neutral stress. Stressors can be physiological, environmental, sociocultural, chronic, or major complex events. Hans Selye's stages of stress response are alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. Symptoms are physiological, affective, and cognitive/behavioral, such as increased heart rate, tension, anxiety, poor attention, and forget
This document provides an overview of behavioral science and psychology. It defines psychology, describes its main approaches including neurobiological, behavioral, cognitive, and psychoanalytical. It discusses the goals of psychology which are to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior. It then provides examples of applying these approaches in nursing contexts.
This document discusses the topic of frustration. It defines frustration as emotional tension resulting from the blocking of a desire or need. Some key causes of frustration mentioned include physical, social, and economic factors. Common signs of frustration include changes in sleep, giving up tasks, irritability, and using substances to cope. The document also discusses how frustration can lead to aggression, depression, low self-esteem, unhealthy habits, and stress. It provides examples of different types of conflicts people may experience.
The document provides an overview of the brain and its functions. It discusses that the brain is composed of different parts that work together to control movements, thoughts, emotions and behaviors. It also notes that the brain receives support and protection from other body parts like blood vessels, the skull and membranes. The document then describes the main sections of the brain - the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain - and provides details on the roles and structures within each section. It also discusses neurons, neurotransmitters and how they facilitate communication within the brain and nervous system.
- Glands play an important role in human behavior by assisting in digestion, waste elimination, emotion production and prolongation, and metabolic regulation.
- The document discusses the location and functions of major glands like the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, sex glands, pancreas, pineal, and thymus glands.
- Imbalances in glandular secretions can impact personality, metabolism, and mental and emotional states. Understanding glands helps nurses comprehend disease effects on behavior and facilitate learning.
The document discusses the relationship between the body and mind, noting that they are interrelated and influence each other. It provides examples of how bodily conditions can impact mental functioning, such as increased blood pressure causing mental excitement, and how mental conditions can impact bodily functioning, such as emotional conflicts causing ulcers. The document also discusses genetics and behavior, the roles of heredity and various environments (intercellular, intrauterine, external physical/biological/psychosocial) in development. It notes the brain and nervous system coordinate and control behavior.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in psychology including perception, cognition, emotion, behavior, different areas of psychology (e.g. social, clinical), and concepts related to the mind, consciousness, and body-mind relationships. It discusses topics like the levels of mind, altered states of consciousness, the relationship between genetics and environment, the role of the brain and neurotransmitters in behavior, and the psychology of sensations and the role of glands and muscles. The document is authored by Mr. Johny Kutty Joseph and appears to be lecture notes or material for students.
The document discusses several key topics related to the biology of behavior:
1. It describes the relationship between the body and mind and how mental and physical states influence each other. It also discusses the role of genetics and the environment in influencing behavior.
2. It provides an overview of the nervous system, including neurons, synapses, and different parts of the brain like the cerebrum and diencephalon and how they relate to behavior.
3. It discusses factors like sensations, muscles, glands, and neurotransmitters and how they help control and regulate behavior.
This document provides an overview of the field of psychology. It defines psychology as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The document then discusses some important figures in the historical development of psychology like Aristotle, Wilhelm Wundt, who established the first psychology laboratory, and Sigmund Freud, who developed psychoanalysis. It also summarizes several major schools of thought in psychology such as structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and various contemporary approaches. Finally, it outlines several fields of psychology and discusses the relevance of psychology to the field of nursing.
The document discusses the relationship between the body and mind. It states that the body and mind cannot act independently, as they influence each other in an integrated response. A healthy mind exists in a healthy body and vice versa. The body is composed of organs and organ systems that have specific functions, while the mind refers to mental processes like thinking and reasoning, rather than the brain itself. The mind functions at different levels including conscious and unconscious levels. Both the mind and body can act upon each other - negative emotions produced by the mind can cause illness, while malfunctions of the body can affect mental functioning.
This document defines key terms related to human growth and development such as development, growth, and maturation. It then provides information on basic principles of growth and development including that development follows an orderly sequence, rates vary between individuals, and early development is more critical. The document also discusses prenatal influences and the nature vs nurture debate. It outlines theories of cognitive, social, emotional, and psychosexual development from theorists such as Piaget and Freud. Key developmental milestones from infancy through childhood are also summarized.
This document discusses mental hygiene, mental health, and strategies for promoting mental health. It defines mental hygiene as measures to reduce mental illness through prevention and early treatment. Mental health is defined as a state of balance and harmony between oneself and others. The document outlines concepts of mental hygiene including prevention, preservation, curative measures, and balanced personality development. It describes characteristics of mentally healthy individuals and warning signs of poor mental health. Finally, it discusses strategies for primary and secondary prevention of mental illness through strengthening individuals, families, and communities.
This PPT is of the first chapter in Psychology for B.Sc.Nursing students, named "Introduction to Psychology". Contents are according to the INC syllabus 2022-23.
Made by students of Government college of Nursing, Bengaluru.
Introduction: Clinical sociology merges sociological principles with applied practice to enhance individual and collective well-being. It leverages sociological insights to diagnose, intervene, and improve social issues, emphasizing the practical application of sociological knowledge in therapeutic contexts.
Definition: Clinical sociology applies sociological theories and methods to analyze and address social issues impacting individuals and communities. It focuses on practical interventions, collaborating with various stakeholders to foster positive social change, resilience, and empowerment. In essence, it bridges the gap between academic sociology and real-world challenges, aiming to improve social functioning and well-being.
This document provides an overview of attention presented by Ms. Suvitha, an assistant professor. It defines attention as the focus of consciousness on a particular object or idea. Some key points include:
- Attention is selective and can shift from one object to another. It allows us to concentrate on specific stimuli.
- Factors like interest, rewards, and emotions influence what we pay attention to. Internal and external factors also impact attention.
- Attention span refers to how long focus can be maintained without distraction. It is typically only a few seconds for visual and auditory stimuli.
- Distractions can alter attention by drawing it away from the original object. Noise, lights, and discomfort are common
This document provides information on human development across the lifespan. It begins with an introduction to developmental psychology and outlines the main stages of development from infancy to late adulthood. For each stage, it describes key physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and psychological characteristics. The roles of nurses in caring for individuals at different developmental stages are also discussed. Factors that influence development and developmental tasks for different periods are explained.
The biological basis of human behavior involves receptors, effectors, and connectors in the body and brain. Receptors receive external and internal stimuli through the senses. Effectors are muscles and glands that allow the body to respond. Connectors like neurons transmit signals between receptors and effectors. The central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, integrates these processes to produce human behavior. Behavior results from complex interactions between physiological systems in the body and brain.
This document discusses psychometric assessment of cognitive functions. It introduces various cognitive skills like processing speed, memory, problem solving. Neuropsychological testing measures cognitive impairment through tests of intellectual functioning, academic achievement, language, attention, memory, executive function, processing speed and more. Testing is used to identify developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and effects of conditions like brain injury, dementia, infections and mental illness. The conclusion emphasizes the importance for nurses to understand cognitive assessment tests to provide better care for patients.
Applied psychology involves using psychological principles and research to solve real-world problems in various fields. It focuses on implementing practical solutions rather than abstract theories. Some key areas of applied psychology include clinical, counseling, industrial/organizational, educational, forensic, health, and sports psychology. Applied psychologists work in various settings like healthcare, education, the workplace, and the legal system to address issues using techniques like cognitive behavioral therapy. The goal is to improve mental health, performance, safety, and overall well-being.
1. The document provides an introduction to the topic of psychology, outlining its history and development as a field of scientific study.
2. Psychology was formally established as a science in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt, who opened the first experimental laboratory in Germany. However, the roots of psychology can be traced back to early Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle who studied the mind and human behavior.
3. Over time, psychology evolved to become the scientific study of the mind, behavior, and mental processes. It is now a broad field that is divided into both pure and applied subfields which use scientific methods to better understand human thought and conduct.
This document discusses various cognitive processes including attention, perception, learning, thinking, and intelligence. It defines attention as the selective concentration of consciousness on one object over others. Perception is defined as the interpretation of sensory stimuli based on past experiences. Learning is described as a relatively permanent change in behavior through experience. Thinking is defined as a problem-solving process using symbols. Intelligence refers to the ability to understand the world, think rationally, and adapt to changes. The document outlines different types and factors influencing each of these cognitive processes.
This document discusses stress, including its meaning, types, causes, stages, symptoms, and management. It defines stress as the body's non-specific response to demands (Hans Selye) or an internal state caused by physical or environmental demands perceived as harmful or exceeding coping abilities (Morgan). The types of stress are distress, eustress, and neutral stress. Stressors can be physiological, environmental, sociocultural, chronic, or major complex events. Hans Selye's stages of stress response are alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. Symptoms are physiological, affective, and cognitive/behavioral, such as increased heart rate, tension, anxiety, poor attention, and forget
This document provides an overview of behavioral science and psychology. It defines psychology, describes its main approaches including neurobiological, behavioral, cognitive, and psychoanalytical. It discusses the goals of psychology which are to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior. It then provides examples of applying these approaches in nursing contexts.
This document discusses the topic of frustration. It defines frustration as emotional tension resulting from the blocking of a desire or need. Some key causes of frustration mentioned include physical, social, and economic factors. Common signs of frustration include changes in sleep, giving up tasks, irritability, and using substances to cope. The document also discusses how frustration can lead to aggression, depression, low self-esteem, unhealthy habits, and stress. It provides examples of different types of conflicts people may experience.
The document provides an overview of the brain and its functions. It discusses that the brain is composed of different parts that work together to control movements, thoughts, emotions and behaviors. It also notes that the brain receives support and protection from other body parts like blood vessels, the skull and membranes. The document then describes the main sections of the brain - the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain - and provides details on the roles and structures within each section. It also discusses neurons, neurotransmitters and how they facilitate communication within the brain and nervous system.
- Glands play an important role in human behavior by assisting in digestion, waste elimination, emotion production and prolongation, and metabolic regulation.
- The document discusses the location and functions of major glands like the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, sex glands, pancreas, pineal, and thymus glands.
- Imbalances in glandular secretions can impact personality, metabolism, and mental and emotional states. Understanding glands helps nurses comprehend disease effects on behavior and facilitate learning.
The document discusses the relationship between the body and mind, noting that they are interrelated and influence each other. It provides examples of how bodily conditions can impact mental functioning, such as increased blood pressure causing mental excitement, and how mental conditions can impact bodily functioning, such as emotional conflicts causing ulcers. The document also discusses genetics and behavior, the roles of heredity and various environments (intercellular, intrauterine, external physical/biological/psychosocial) in development. It notes the brain and nervous system coordinate and control behavior.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in psychology including perception, cognition, emotion, behavior, different areas of psychology (e.g. social, clinical), and concepts related to the mind, consciousness, and body-mind relationships. It discusses topics like the levels of mind, altered states of consciousness, the relationship between genetics and environment, the role of the brain and neurotransmitters in behavior, and the psychology of sensations and the role of glands and muscles. The document is authored by Mr. Johny Kutty Joseph and appears to be lecture notes or material for students.
Biological Basis of Behavior unit 2.pptxneetudhami
The document discusses the biological basis of behavior, including the relationship between the body and mind, genetics and inheritance of behavior, the role of the brain and nervous system in behaviors, and sensory processes. It explains how genetics, brain functioning, and sensory perception influence behaviors and mental states. The key topics covered are the mind-body connection, inheritance of traits, the brain's involvement in behaviors, and normal and abnormal sensory processing.
The document discusses emotions from a psychological perspective. It defines emotions, describes their components including subjective feelings, physiological changes, and expressions. It explains major theories of emotions and how they relate to emotional adjustment and health. The objectives are to help students and professionals better understand emotions, their nature, dynamics and control to help improve emotional well-being.
This document discusses factors that shape personality, including heredity, environment, and culture. It describes how personality is influenced by biological factors like genetics, physical development, and hormone activity. Environmental factors like family, culture, social roles, and social interactions also impact personality development from a young age. Children learn behaviors and values from their family and culture that shape their sense of self and how they interact with others.
Appiled psychology unit 2 complete bsc nursing 1 sem.pptxAkshayBedi4
The document discusses heredity and the mechanisms of heredity including genes, chromosomes, and genetic combinations that determine traits. It also discusses the different types of environment that influence development from the intercellular and intrauterine environments to the external physical, biological, and psychosocial environments. The brain and nervous system are described as controlling behavior through neurons, synapses, and different parts of the brain like the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, cerebrum, and hemispheres.
Pathophysiologic and psychodynamics of disease causationNamita Batra
This document discusses key concepts related to disease, including common causes, pathophysiology, and psychodynamics. It also covers the body's attempts to maintain homeostasis and adapt to stressors through four main concepts: constancy, homeostasis, stress, and adaptation. Homeostasis refers to maintaining stability through feedback systems, while stress disrupts this balance. The body responds to stress physiologically through the sympathetic nervous system and hormonally through the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Psychological responses to stress include anxiety, fear, anger, and depression. Adaptation occurs when coping mechanisms help re-establish equilibrium.
The document discusses physical and sexual development from conception through adulthood. It covers factors like heredity, environment, stages of life, and culture's influence on body image. Puberty brings sexual maturity via hormone changes. Sexual behaviors range from solitary to partnered activities. The triangular theory of love identifies three components: passion, intimacy, and commitment. Both natural and artificial contraceptive methods are outlined for preventing pregnancy from sexual intercourse. Vasectomy and tubal ligation are discussed as permanent surgical options.
This document discusses mental health and mental illness. It defines mental health as a state of well-being and balance between an individual and their environment according to the WHO. Key aspects of mental health include emotional intelligence, self-awareness, and resiliency. Mental illness is defined as maladaptive responses to stressors that interfere with daily life. Biological, psychological, and social factors can all contribute to mental illness. These include genetics, brain chemistry, trauma, and environmental stressors. The document provides an overview of the complex factors that influence both mental health and mental illness.
Determinants of personality + social psychological theoygyaanendra
all determinants of personality and social psychological theory with examples.
this is related with organizational behavior course of BBA .
all factors are included in these slides.
Personality is determined by both biological and environmental factors. Biologically, factors like heredity, temperament, and physical characteristics influence personality. Environmentally, factors like family experiences, culture, education, and socioeconomic status shape personality development from childhood. Freud's psychoanalytic theory views personality as emerging from the resolution of psychosexual developmental stages, and being influenced by the unconscious id, ego, and superego structures of the mind.
The document provides an overview of personality, including definitions, theories, and approaches to understanding personality. It discusses:
1. Definitions of personality from different perspectives such as philosophical, sociological, and psychoanalytic.
2. Major personality theories including Freud's psychodynamic theory consisting of id, ego, superego; Erikson's psychosocial stages of development; and Sullivan's interpersonal theory of personality development.
3. Approaches to classifying personality including traits, temperament, physiological types, and the five-factor model of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Influence of Parents’ Divorce on Separation Anxiety in Childreninventionjournals
Children experience separation from parents as a form of anxiety from the age of six to eight months to the age of five, and beyond. In a completely new form, it can also appear in adolescents. In this article I demonstrate some neuro-psychological aspects of the anxiety which children experience regarding the divorce of their parents; then I present the elements of the anxiety in relations between parents and children/adolescents. Next I present the structure of anxiety. At the end I describe strategies to diminish separation anxiety in children and adolescents regarding the separation (divorce) of their parents.
hereditary and environment.pptx for medicalRUdra822492
The document discusses the influence of heredity and environment on human development and personality. It states that both heredity and environment play important roles, with heredity determining certain inborn traits and potentials while environment influences the development and expression of traits. Key factors discussed include genetics, family background, socioeconomic status, culture, and interactions with other people in one's environment. The relationship between heredity and environment is described as interactive, with personality emerging from the combination of the two influences.
This document discusses human development across the lifespan from a biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional perspective. It covers several key points:
1. Development is influenced by an interplay of biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional processes from conception through old age. Genes and environment both shape development.
2. Development progresses through distinct stages from infancy to childhood to adulthood, with characteristic physical, cognitive, and social-emotional milestones at each stage.
3. A child's immediate environment (family, peers, school) as well as broader social and historical contexts influence their development according to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.
What Your Feelings Are Trying to Tell You”.pdfMariaAkram36
Five basic Expression of Emotions listed in an ancient Chinese book are considered primary emotions by most of western theories. English has more then five hundred emotion related words, but some emotion words in other languages have no English equivalent. Similarly, other Cultures have no equivalent for some English emotion words.
Different species have evolved a variety of ways to communicate emotions. For human being, even movement and body positioning can convey a certain amount of emotional information. During conversation, leaning toward and looking directly at one another usually indicates liking, especially between members of opposite sex; leaning back and looking away tends to suggest boredom or hostility.
Psychology is the science of the mind and behavior. It studies internal mental processes and human behavior. There are many branches of psychology that focus on different aspects, such as clinical, cognitive, developmental, and social psychology. Psychology is applicable to nursing by helping student nurses understand themselves and others, appreciate how the environment impacts people, and recognize the interdependence of body, mind, and spirit in health.
The field of personality psychology studies the nature and definition of personality as well as its development, structure and trait constructs, dynamic processes, variations (with emphasis on enduring and stable individual differences), and maladaptive forms.
INFECTION OF THE BRAIN -ENCEPHALITIS ( PPT)blessyjannu21
Neurological system includes brain and spinal cord. It plays an important role in functioning of our body. Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain. Causes include viral infections, infections from insect bites or an autoimmune reaction that affects the brain. It can be life-threatening or cause long-term complications. Treatment varies, but most people require hospitalization so they can receive intensive treatment, including life support.
Dr. David Greene R3 stem cell Breakthroughs: Stem Cell Therapy in CardiologyR3 Stem Cell
Dr. David Greene, founder and CEO of R3 Stem Cell, is at the forefront of groundbreaking research in the field of cardiology, focusing on the transformative potential of stem cell therapy. His latest work emphasizes innovative approaches to treating heart disease, aiming to repair damaged heart tissue and improve heart function through the use of advanced stem cell techniques. This research promises not only to enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic heart conditions but also to pave the way for new, more effective treatments. Dr. Greene's work is notable for its focus on safety, efficacy, and the potential to significantly reduce the need for invasive surgeries and long-term medication, positioning stem cell therapy as a key player in the future of cardiac care.
At Apollo Hospital, Lucknow, U.P., we provide specialized care for children experiencing dehydration and other symptoms. We also offer NICU & PICU Ambulance Facility Services. Consult our expert today for the best pediatric emergency care.
For More Details:
Map: https://cutt.ly/BwCeflYo
Name: Apollo Hospital
Address: Singar Nagar, LDA Colony, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226012
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2. The biology of behavior is the study of behavioral functions of the
nervous system, particularly the brain.
"Physiological psychology" is the branch of psychology which seeks to
determine how activity in the nervous system is related to behavior &
the mind.
Human behavior involves the body-mind interaction of the various
bodily factors.
The most important are:
1. The sense organs, called receptors.
2. The muscles & endocrine glands called effectors.
3. The nervous system known as the connecting or integrating
mechanism.
3. Body and its Functions:
Body composed 4 main compartments-
Head, trunk, hands, feet.
It has 5 sense organs-
eyes. ears, nose, tongue and skin.
5 organs of action-
feet, hands, mouth, excretory, rectum.
Functionary systems-
Respiratory, blood circulatory, skeletal, digestive, endocrine
and excretory systems
There is strong physiological and anatomical basis for
explaining our behavior in all situations of our life.
4. MIND AND ITS FUNCTIONS :
WHAT IS MIND?
WHERE IS IT LOCATED?
Mind is not reality – hypothetical construct.
It doesn’t lie anywhere in our body-we should not confuse
it with brain or nervous system.
It is associated with various mental process and activities.
The functioning of our mind improves or gets developed
with growing age.
5. BODY-MIND RELATIONSHIP:
• Psychology studies human behavior which involves both
body & the mind.
• They are interrelated & interact upon each other.
• Mental functions & physical states affect each other.
• Body & the mind are two aspects of the living, dynamic
& adjusting personality.
• Mind is regarded as a function of the body; it does not
exist apart from the body.
• It is the sum total of various mental process such as
observing, knowing, thinking, reasoning, feeling,
imagining, remembering, judging etc.
6. MODULATION PROCESS IN HEALTH & ILLNESS
EFFECTS OF BODILY CONDITIONS ON MENTAL
FUNCTIONING-
Increased blood pressure causes mental excitement.
Severe pain reduces the concentration level.
Chronic illness causes depression.
Malfunctioning of the endocrine glands may exert a full influence
on one’s personality, resulting in lethargy, nervous tension etc.
Physical fatigue affects our mood and reduces motivation,
interest and concentration.
Brain injury affects many psychological functions.
Well developed brain leads to better development of intellectual
functioning
7. EFFECTS OF MENTAL CONDITIONS ON BODILY
FUNCTIONING-
Unpleasant emotions like fear, anger & worry cause irritability,
insomnia, headache etc.
Emotional conflicts are responsible for peptic ulcer, ulcerative
colitis etc.
Deep thinking & concentration can cause physical strain.
Repressed feelings and aggression are expressed through
nervous system and causes hypertension and cardiac diseases.
Unconscious motivation and conflicts gives rise to many
physical complaints and neurological (conversion) disorders.
8. HEREDITY
Heredity is the basis for the development of human personality.
Heredity is considered as “the sum total of inborn individual
traits”.
Biologically, it has been defined as “the sum total of traits
potentially present in the fertilized ovum”.
According to Douglas & Holland “one’s heredity consists of all
the structures, physical characteristics, functions or capacities
derived from parents, other ancestry or species”.
The life cycle of an individual begins with the fusion of a
sperm and ovum(conception)
9. In the fertilized ovum, there are 23(46) pairs of chromosomes,
half of which are given by the father and the other half by the
mother.
Each chromosome is made up of many genes, which appear to
be the actual determiners of traits.
One gene (DNA,RNA) may influence many characteristics or
traits or conversely many genes may combine to determine one
characteristic.
The heredity basis of individual differences lies in the
unlimited variety of possible gene combinations that can occur.
No two siblings get an identical heredity, as they do not get the
same genes from parents.
10. Fraternal or dizygotic twins are different from each other
because of different pairs of germ cells.
Identical or monozygotic twins have exactly the same set of
genes and therefore, resemble each other completely.
Determination of traits is not only due to combination of genes,
but also due to their dominant or recessive nature.
Some characters are sex linked, i.e. one sex shows the
characteristics, while other sex not apparently affected is the
carrier.
Heredity is the raw material in the hands of the artist, out of
which the potter or tailor prepare the specific objects
11. ENVIRONMENT :
The child inherits the traits and characteristics of his parents and
forefathers through genes at the time of conception. Therefore,
what he possesses at the time of conception is all due to heredity.
After conception, how he develops is the outcome of the interaction
between his hereditary characteristics and environment.
The forces of environment begin to play their part and influence
the growth and development of an individual right from the time of
the fertilization of the ovum by the sperm.
Therefore, what happens after birth is important but also what goes
inside the womb of the mother after conception has equal
significance.
12. Environment covers the social, moral, economical, political,
physical and intellectual factors, which influence the
development of individual from time to time.
Definitions-
The environment is everything that affects the individual
except his genes. -Boring, Langfield and Weld.
Environment covers all the outside factors that have acted
on the individual, since he began life. –Woodworth.
13. Environmental forces can be divided into 2 major heads:
1. Internal Environment-
From conception to till his birth in the womb of the
mother (9months).
• Embryo receives the nutrition, through the blood stream of its
mother.
• Physical & mental health of the mother including her habits,
attitudes & interests etc. all constitute inner surroundings that
affects the growth and development of individual .
2. External Environment-
After his birth what the child gets in terms of
environmental influences is purely external in nature.
14. It can be further divided into 3 sub-parts
A. Physical Environment: Non-living things like water, air,
housing, soil, climate, heat, light, radiation, noise, etc. form the
physical environment.
These affect the body and mind of the growing child. So, it is
necessary to provide a decent home and locality for good
physical and mental health of the child.
B. Biological Environment: It refers to the living component
of man’s external environment, which consists of plants,
animals, insects, bacteria and viruses.
It is necessary that the child should be allowed to grow in a
good, healthy biological environment.
The child should be kept away from the disease carrying
germs, bacteria and viruses.
15. C. Psychosocial (Socio-Cultural) Environment:
It includes cultural values, customs, habits, beliefs, attitudes,
religion, education, occupation, social and political
organization, etc. Parents, members of the family, friends,
classmates, neighbors, teachers, mass communication and
recreation, libraries are also included in this environment.
These different environmental forces have a desirable impact
upon the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, moral and
aesthetic development of an individual.
Their influence is a continuous one, which begins with the
emergence of life and goes on till death.
Therefore, it is always advisable to consider the sources like
one's heredity and environmental factors for determining the
behavior or development of some specific personality traits.
16. BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR :
The entire behavior is effectively managed and controlled by
the coordination and functioning of the nervous system.
How we will behave in a particular situation depends upon the
judgment of our brain.
The sense impressions, which are received through the sense
organs, do not bear any significance unless they are given a
meaning by the nervous system.
Learning also to a great extent is controlled by the nervous system.
The proper growth and development of nerve tissues and nervous
system as a whole helps in the task of proper intellectual
development
Any defect in the spinal cord or the brain seriously affects the
intellectual growth.
17. The emotional behavior is also influenced by the nervous
system, especially at the time of anger, fear and other
emotional changes.
During emotional outbursts, nerve tissues cause the change in
the secretion of hormones by some glands and consequently
influence the emotional behavior of an individual.
The process of growth and development is also directly and
indirectly controlled by the functioning of the nervous system.
The personality of an individual is greatly influenced through
the mechanism of the nervous system.
Human behavior involves the body-mind interaction of the
various bodily factors.
18. The most important are:
The sense organs, called receptors.
The muscles and endocrine glands, called effectors.
The nervous system known as the connecting or integrating
mechanism
Receptors (Psychology of Sensations)-
The stimuli in the form of various sensory experiences are
received by our sensory systems known as receptors.
External Receptors: External receptors are those sensory
mechanisms that help us contact the outer world, for example,
eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. The specific receptor cells for
receiving the external stimuli lie within these sensory systems.
19. Sense organs :
Our sense organs help in assimilating knowledge of the world
around us. Each of our sense organs has a distinct function to
perform.
Sense organs consist of receptors, which are specialized
sensitive cells associated with endings of sensory nerve
fibers. These receptors are stimulated by objects outside the
body and by internal conditions.
When the receptors are not functioning properly, they lead to
sensory defects or disorders- visual, auditory, cutaneous,
olfactory, gustatory and kinesthetic disorders.
20. Internal Receptors :
Internal receptors are associated with the internal stimuli
present in our body. They are responsible for feelings of pain,
hunger or nausea. Another variety of these internal receptors
helps us in maintaining balance, bodily posture and equilibrium
and exercise control over the muscles.
Sensation :
The functioning of the five senses is called sensation.
Sensations are purely the result of physical stimuli operating on
our nervous system.
22. Effectors (Muscular and Glandular Controls of Behaviour):
Effectors are termed as the organs of responses. What is
received through the sensory organs in the form of sensory
input is responded through bodily reactions and motor
activities carried out through muscles and glands, particularly
the hormones secreted by the ductless glands, which are
responsible for most of our behavior patterns. The
underactivity or overactivity of these glands, causes deficiency
or excess of hormonal secretion. This affects the entire
personality makeup of the individual.
Muscles:
Our behavior and activity involves movement of different
parts of our body. Muscles helps the organism to carry out
motor activities in order to respond to various stimuli.
23. There are mainly three types of muscles,
Smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles.
Smooth muscles are primarily concerned with the process of
digestion, excretion and blood circulation.
Cardiac muscles function smoothly in a rhythmic fashion,
but when one is emotionally upset, their normal functioning is
disturbed causing heart trouble.
Skeletal or striped muscles enable the individual to perform
voluntary motor activities ranging from walking to the fine
psychomotor skills like typing, etc.
24. Glands.
Glands play an important role in human behavior. They also
assist in the digestion of food, elimination of waste products,
production and prolongation of emotional states and regulation
of metabolism of the body.
There are two types of glands:
1. Duct glands
2. Ductless or endocrine glands.
Duct glands release their chemical secretion through little
ducts or tubes into the body cavities or on the surface of the
body.
25. Some of the duct glands are: Salivary glands, Gastric
glands, Sweat glands, Lacrimal glands, Kidneys.
The duct glands either become overactive or underactive, under
the influence of emotions. There is a close and intimate
connection between human behavior and the secretions of duct
glands.
Ductless or endocrine glands secrete chemical substances called
hormones.
The hormones are released into the blood stream and are carried
to all parts of the body.
They play a vital role in the determination of human personality.
They affect the development of the body, general metabolism,
mental development, development of secondary sex
characteristics and emotional behaviour.
26. Connectors
Connectors or adjusters help in regulating, controlling or
coordinating the activities of receptors and effectors.
The ability to play a piano, drive a car or hit a tennis ball
depends on muscle coordination.
It is necessary for the body to provide messages to the muscles
to coordinate.
These messages are passed through specialized cells called
“neurons”.
28. A nerve cell with all its branches is called a neuron. These
are the basic elements of the nervous system.
A neuron has a nucleus, a cell body and a cell membrane
to enclose the whole cell. There are tiny fibers extending
out from the cell body called ‘dendrites’.
Their role is to receive messages through electrical
impulses from the sense organs or adjacent neurons and
carry them to the cell body.
The messages from the cell body further travel the length
of a nerve fiber known as the axon.
29. A group of axons, bundled together like parallel wires in
an electrical cable, is referred to as a nerve.
The axon (but certainly not all of them) is surrounded by
a fatty covering called the ‘myelin sheath’. It serves to
increase the velocity, with which the electrical impulses
travel through the axons.
30. Functions of neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter Function
Acetylcholine Regulates muscle movement and cognitive
functioning .
Glutamate Helps in memory process
gamma -aminobutyric acid
(GABA)
Moderates eating, aggression and sleeping .
Dopamine
Regulates movements and coordination,
emotions and voluntary decision-making ability.
Deficiency of dopamine causes Parkinson’s
disease, overproduction causes mental disorders
like schizophrenia .
Serotonin Regulates sleep, eating, mood and pain.
Endorphins Reduces pain and pleasurable feelings .
31. NERVOUS SYSTEM :
The nervous system is the master controlling,
communicating and regulatory system in the body.
Nervous system controls and coordinates all essential
functions of the human body.
It is the center of all mental activity including thought,
learning and memory.
Together with the endocrine system, the nervous
system is responsible for regulating and maintaining
homeostasis.
34. CEREBRUM
Cerebrum is the largest part of
brain
▶ Cerebrum consists of two
hemispheres namely right and
left hemispheres.
▶ Each hemisphere has 4 lobes
1.Frontal lobe
2.Temporal lobe
3.Parietal lobe
4.Occipital lobe
35. Lobe Function
Occipital Visual processing
Parietal Movement, orientation,
calculation, recognition
Temporal Sound and speech
processing, aspects of
memory
Frontal Thinking,
conceptualization,
planning
36. THALAMUS- situated at the base of the cerebrum. It
has some control over the autonomic nervous system and
also plays a role in the control of sleep and alertness.
HYPOTHALAMUS- lies below the thalamus. It exerts a
key influence on all kind of emotional as well as
motivational behaviour. Centers in the hypothalamus
have control over the important body processes like
eating, drinking, sleeping, temperature control and sex. It
also has control over the activities of pituitary gland.
MID BRAIN- is a short-constricted segment of brain
which forms a connection between cerebrum and other
parts of brain.
37. HINDBRAIN- is composed of three structures the
medulla, pons and cerebellum.
‘Medulla’ controls breathing and many important
reflexes, such as those that help us to maintain our upright
postures. It also regulates the highly complex processes
like digestion, respiration and circulation.
The ‘pons’ assist in breathing, transmitting impulses from
the cerebellum to the higher brain regions and in
coordinating the activities of both sides of the brain.
‘Cerebellum’ is responsible for body balance and the
coordination of body movements like dancing, typing,
playing, etc.
38. .
Hypothalamus -------
Responsible for
regulating basic biological
needs hunger, thirst,
temperature control
Pituitary gland --
'Master' gland
that regulates other
endocrine glands
Cerebral cortex
Corpus callosum
Bridge of fibers
passing information
between the two
cerebral hemispheres
Spinal cord --
Responsible for
communication between
brain and rest of the body
involved with simple reflexes
Pons
Involved in sleep
and arousal
Reticular formation
A network of neurons
related to sleep,
arousal and attention
Medulla
Responsible for regulatinglargely
unconscious functions such as
breathing & circulation
39. Spinal cord works as a channel of communication from
and to the brain.
It is a rope-like structure, made up of long round nerve
fibers.
It also works as an organ for effective reflex actions like
withdrawal of the hand when something is hot.
These reflex actions are almost automatic in nature.
40. Nature of Behaviour of an Organism, Integrated
Responses :
Integrative Function of the Nervous System :
The various activities of the nervous system can be grouped
together as three general, overlapping functions.
Sensory
Integrative
Motor
▶ Millions of sensory receptors detect changes, called stimuli,
which occur inside and outside the body.
▶ They monitor such things as temperature, light and sound from
the external environment. Inside the body, the internal
environment, receptors detect variations in pressure, pH, carbon
dioxide concentration and the levels of various electrolytes. All
of this gathered information is called sensory input.
41. ▶ Sensory input is converted into electrical signals called nerve
impulses that are transmitted to the brain.
▶ There the signals are brought together to create sensations, to
produce thoughts or to add to memory; decisions are made
each moment based on sensory input. This is integration.
▶ Based on the sensory input and integration the nervous system
responds by sending signals to muscles, causing them to
contract or to glands causing them to produce secretions.
▶ Muscles and glands are called effectors, because they cause an
effect in response to detections from the nervous system. This
is the motor output or motor function
42. Autonomic nervous system:
Autonomic nervous system is autonomous and works
independent of voluntary control.
It is made up of nerves connecting with the glands and smooth
muscles, which are involved in respiration, circulation and
digestion.
These processes go on automatically without our knowledge.
The system operates actively during emotional states. When we
are well, physical and mental activities are integrated.
43. We receive stimuli and are able to think, learn and
remember. We are able to experience the various types of
feelings.
In illness, the normal healthy functioning of the body and
its various organs Illness affects the threshold levels of our
nervous system, may cause abnormal reactions to ordinary
stimuli. It may adversely affect our coordination, may
disturb our thinking processes.
44. Importance of knowledge of the Nervous System
and Glands to a Nurse-
▶ It helps the nurse to understand the physiological
basis of patient behavior.
▶ It helps the nurse to understand how glandular
secretions influence personality.
▶ It helps the nurse to understand the various diseases
of nervous system and glands and their effect on
human behavior.