Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate particles in a solution based on properties like density. Centrifuges are used for various purposes including separating blood components in laboratories, isolating cell organelles through cell fractionation, and separating uranium isotopes for nuclear programs. The cell fractionation process involves disrupting cells, filtering out large particles, and purifying organelles through high-speed centrifugation. Centrifuges also have commercial applications such as removing water from laundry, separating cream from milk, and processing materials in various industries.