Plant propagation can occur through seeds, cuttings, grafting, or tissue culture. Seeds develop into plants when subjected to the right environmental conditions like soil, water, temperature, and light. Cuttings involve rooting stem or branch cuttings, while grafting combines tissues from similar or dissimilar plants. Tissue culture grows plants from collected plant tissues in a sterile nutrient solution. Sexual propagation uses seeds to create genetically variable offspring, while asexual propagation through cuttings and grafting reproduces plants identical to the parent. Propagation is important for multiplying species, protecting endangered plants, improving plant qualities, and producing commercial crops.