Seed treatment is the first step in plant protection and has several benefits. It allows for faster germination, improved seedling vigor, and protects seeds from seed-borne, soil-borne, and storage pathogens through the application of fungicides, insecticides, or both. Common chemical seed treatments discussed are carbendazim, mancozeb, and trichoderma applied at specific rates per kg of seed. Botanical seed treatments like neem, turmeric, garlic, and kalmegh extracts are also effective against diseases like stem rot in jute and promote seedling growth. The document provides methods, precautions, and benefits of different seed treatment options.

1. SEED TREATMENT
Methods:
Botanicals
Chemical
Physical
Solarization
Precaution:
Right chemical,
time
First step in plant protection
Faster germination,
Improves seedling vigour,
Easy and cheap,
High cost benefit ratio
Target of 100 % seed treatment
is easy to achieve .
Seed treatment refers to
the application of fungicide,
insecticide, or a
combination of both,
to seeds so as to disinfect
Triple benefits:
Protection from (1) seed-
borne, (2) soil-borne
pathogenic organisms and
(3) storage insects.
Seeds exposure to solar
radiation, immersion in
conditioned water, etc.

2. SEED TREATMENT
• Carbendazim (Bavistin 50 WP; JK Stein
50 WP; Derosal) @ 2.0 g /kg seed
• Mancozeb (Indofil M 45, Dithane M 45)
@ 5.0 g /kg seed
• Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride @ 10.0
g/kg seed + Tebuconazole (Raxil -5) @ 2-
2.5 g/kg
• Captan @ 5 g/kg seed

3. •Pathogen is also
transmitted through
infected seeds.
•Sporulation is often
observed on infected
seeds.
•Infected seeds are
mostly produced from
infected crop.
SEED TRANSMISSION

4. Pathogen spores
on infected seeds

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7. SEED TREATMENT METHOD
BAVISTIN 2 g BAVISTIN 2 g
1 kg seed
1 kg seed

8. SEED TREATMENT METHOD
BEFORE MIXING
AFTER MIXING

9. COMPARISON BETWEEN TREATED AND UNTREATED
SEEDS OF JUTE
TREATED
UNTREATED

10. Seed treatment is cheap and best
Removes deep seated
seed-borne inoculum
Reduces
soil inoculum
Protective barrier around
seed, root and rhizosphere
Systemic into seedlings,
e.g., carbendazim Healthy and
vigourous seedlings
Growth promotion
effect, e.g., carbendazim

11. SEED TREATMENT METHOD

12. Wrong method
Right Method

13. SEED TREATMENT WITH BOTANICALS
 Leaf extract of neem was most effective in reducing incidence of stem rot of jute from 22.75 % in check to
12.06 %.
 Neem was followed by extracts of turmeric, garlic and kalmegh at maturity of the crop.
 The rate of increase of stem rot incidence was very low in neem extract in comparison to untreated check.
 Turmeric extract also arrested the growth of stem rot to a great extent.
 Aqueous extract of kalmegh was also effective in reducing stem rot compared to check.
Overnight seed soaking in turmeric,
garlic and kalmegh extract boosted
seedling growth and vigour initially
indicating growth promotion effect.
 The specific active components in these botanicals may be identified and open a new avenue of opportunities
for better and sustainable management of important diseases of jute and mesta in future.