Effect of envirment on plants

1. Ecophysiology
Asad Noman
Roll No: 111
BS Botany
8th
(SS)

2. Ecophysiology
Environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological
discipline that studies the adaptation of an organisms physiology to
environmental conditions.
The study of the physiology of organisms with respect to their
adaptation to the environment

3. Physiological Ecology
Two themes:
1. Homeostasis – maintenance of
constant internal conditions in varying
environments
2. Adaptation of organisms to specific
environments.

4. Three big problems
1. Obtaining energy and nutrients
2. Maintaining temperature
3. Obtaining and holding onto water

5. FACTORS THAT EFFECT
PLANT
• Light
• Temperature
• Water (HUMIDITY)
• Nutrition

6. LIGHT
Light has three principal characteristics that affect plant growth.
•Quantity
•Quality
•Duration

7. Plant Adaptation to the
Light Environment
Two types of adaptions maked by plants
• Adaptations to control light absorption
capacity(Long-Term Light
Adaptations).
• Adaptations to deal with the light
energy, which has been
captured(short-term adaptations ).

8. Temperature
Temperature affects the growth and productivity of plants,
depending on whether the plant is a warm season or cool
season crop.
• Photosynthesis.
• Temperature influence on
growth.

9. Plant Adaptation To Temperature
High Temperature
• Transpiration.
• Production of Heat shock
proteins.
• Change in Membrane
structure and
composition.
Low Temperature
• Accumulation of solutes
by the cells
• Antifreeze Protien
• Synthesises of proteins
“dehydrins”.
• Plant cells can alter lipid
composition.

10. Water
There are three potential situations with water.
• Too much.
•Too little.
•Just enough.

11. The Desert(Xerophytes)
Desert Plant Adaptations
• store water in their stems or leaves.
• no leaves or small seasonal leaves that only grow after it
rains.
• Long root systems.
• Leaves with hair help shade the plant, reducing water
loss.
• Waxy coating on stems and leaves help reduce water
loss.
• lower growing requires less energy.

12. It has spines rather than
leaves and it stores water in its
stem.
This plant has a waxy coating
on its leaves.

13. Aquatic plants(Hydrophytes)
Plant Adaptations in Water
• Underwater leaves and stems are flexible .
• Submerged plants lack strong water transport system.
• Roots and root hairs reduced or absent.
• Some plants have leaves that float on top of the water.
• Chlorophyll is restricted to upper surface of leaves.
• Some plants produce seeds that can float.

14. Chlorophyll is restricted to the
upper surface
Aquatic plants must be flexible to
withstand the pressures of moving
water.

15. Plants in Cold Climates
• Waxy leaves / needles.
• Shed their leaves.
• Plants are covered with hair.
• Plants grow in clumps for protection.
• Plants have dish-like flowers that follow the
sun.
• Plants are small - usually less than 12
inches tall to avoid wind.
• Plants are dark - helps them absorb solar
heat.