Plague
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Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which is typically spread by fleas that have bitten infected rodents like rats. The plague can also spread from person to person. Symptoms include fever, chills, headache and swollen lymph nodes. Without treatment, the plague has a 50-90% chance of death, but antibiotics lower the mortality rate significantly. Prevention focuses on controlling rodent populations.
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Tuberculosis. epidemiology person, place, time graph
Tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most commonly affects the lungs. It is a major public health problem in developing countries. The risk of tuberculosis is higher among people who are in close contact with others infected, those with HIV/AIDS, or those with weakened immune systems. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when people who are sick with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis expel bacteria by coughing, sneezing, or spitting. Primary prevention involves vaccination with the BCG vaccine for at-risk groups. Secondary prevention focuses on screening, early diagnosis, and ensuring proper treatment to prevent disease progression. Tertiary prevention aims to identify and treat those who already have active
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Pulmonary tuberculosis is a disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which most commonly affects the lungs. It spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include cough, weight loss, fever, night sweats and fatigue. While infection rates are high globally, proper treatment can cure most cases, though drug-resistant strains and lack of access to care pose challenges. Diagnosis involves skin tests, chest X-rays and culture tests to determine if the active form of the disease is present.
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Pathology project powerpoint tb
- Around 10-15 million people in the US are latently infected with tuberculosis bacteria, meaning the bacteria are walled off and dormant with no symptoms. These individuals test positive for TB but cannot transmit the disease.
- Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M bovis bacteria. It spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. The bacteria then spread through the lungs and bloodstream to other organs.
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Tuberculosis slides
1) Tuberculosis is caused by germs that usually infect the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.
2) TB germs are spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or laughs, but casual contact is not a risk.
3) There is a difference between TB infection, where germs are present but dormant, and TB disease, where germs are actively multiplying - only those with active disease can spread it.
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Common forms of plague
Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague. It usually occurs after the bite of an infected flea. The key feature of bubonic plague is a swollen, painful lymph node, usually in the groin, armpit or neck. Other symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and extreme exhaustion. A person usually becomes ill with bubonic plague 1 to 6 days after being infected. If not treated early, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body and cause septicemic or pneumonic plague.
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Tuberculosis is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which most often affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, sneeze, speak, or sing. Only those with active lung infection are infectious. Most exposed people will develop latent TB infection without symptoms, but around 10% will develop active TB disease, especially if their immune system is weakened.
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The document discusses pulmonary tuberculosis, caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. It is an airborne infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other organs. The Philippines has a high burden of tuberculosis, ranking 9th globally. Risk factors include old age, poor health, HIV/AIDS, homelessness, and drug-resistant strains. Symptoms include coughing with mucus or blood, sweating, fever, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves tests like chest x-rays, sputum examination, and CT scans. Prevention involves vaccination, adequate nutrition, rest, and treatment of active cases with a combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethamb
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COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, can be transmitted between individuals through various means such as physical contact, contaminated liquids, food, or body fluids. Some examples of communicable diseases mentioned in the document include diphtheria, tuberculosis, plague, cholera, malaria, smallpox, and dysentery. These diseases are spread through different modes like infected food/drinks, discharge, rats/flies, mosquitoes, or personal contact. Preventive measures involve vaccination, sanitation, isolation, eradicating vectors, and safe food/drink handling.
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Tuberculosis
THIS PRESENTATION IS A UPDATED SLIDE OF THE PREVIOUS ONE WHICH GIVES A LITTLE KNOWLADGE ABOUT THE TREATMENT OF TB
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This document summarizes various topics in human biology related to disease. It discusses the types of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes, different types of diseases including bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic. Specific diseases like cholera, tuberculosis, AIDS, influenza, polio, and more are explained in terms of their causative agent, transmission, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. The roles of immunity, vaccines, incubation periods, and carriers are also defined.
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This document discusses several common communicable diseases: chicken pox, tuberculosis, mumps, measles, and flu. Chicken pox causes an itchy rash and can be prevented with vaccination. Tuberculosis is an airborne bacterial infection that affects the lungs and can be transmitted through coughing; prevention includes not smoking. Mumps causes swollen salivary glands and is most common in children ages 5-9. Measles causes a rash all over the body and can be prevented with vaccination. Flu is a short-term viral illness that occurs during cold weather and causes symptoms like fever, chills, and muscle pain. Prevention strategies for many of the diseases include vaccination, handwashing, and avoiding
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tuberculosis epidemiology
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs. It is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. India has the highest TB burden globally, with nearly 20% of global cases. The disease is transmitted via droplets from the lungs of untreated patients and can infect 10-15 people annually. Diagnosis involves sputum smear microscopy and culture. Treatment requires a combination of antibiotics over 6-9 months. Prevention strategies include case finding, treatment of active cases, and BCG vaccination of infants.
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The document provides an overview of tuberculosis (TB), including its history, transmission, drug resistance, pathogenesis, and progression from latent TB infection to active TB disease. It discusses how TB was historically known as consumption and was a death sentence until discoveries in the 1800s proved it was contagious and identified the causative bacterium. The development of drug treatments in the 1940s-1950s dramatically reduced TB rates, though drug resistance and other factors led to a resurgence in the 1980s. TB spreads via airborne droplets and its pathogenesis involves an initial containment by the immune system that can break down and allow bacterial multiplication and disease. Progression from latent to active TB is more likely in the first two years after infection or
Pathology project powerpoint tb
- Around 10-15 million people in the US are latently infected with tuberculosis bacteria, meaning the bacteria are walled off and dormant with no symptoms. These individuals test positive for TB but cannot transmit the disease.
- Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M bovis bacteria. It spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. The bacteria then spread through the lungs and bloodstream to other organs.
- Risk factors for tuberculosis infection and active disease include HIV/AIDS, weakened immune systems, alcoholism, homelessness, and crowded living conditions.
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Tuberculosis is a deadly infectious disease caused by bacteria that primarily affects the lungs. It spreads through airborne droplets when infected people cough, sneeze or speak. Symptoms include coughing, fever, night sweats and weight loss. Diagnosis involves skin tests, chest x-rays and sputum cultures. Treatment requires taking multiple antibiotics for at least 6 months to cure active cases and prevent latent cases from becoming active. Drug-resistant strains are a growing problem when treatment is not properly followed.
Tuberculosis slides
1) Tuberculosis is caused by germs that usually infect the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.
2) TB germs are spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or laughs, but casual contact is not a risk.
3) There is a difference between TB infection, where germs are present but dormant, and TB disease, where germs are actively multiplying - only those with active disease can spread it.
Tuberculosis | SurgicoMed.com
Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs. It spreads through air droplets when people with active TB cough, sneeze or speak. Symptoms include coughing, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. While TB mainly affects the lungs, it can spread to other organs. There is no cure for latent TB, but active TB can be cured by taking multiple antibiotics for 6-9 months.
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This document discusses communicable diseases, which are diseases caused by infectious agents that can be transmitted from infected people, animals, or the environment. It defines different types of pathogens that cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It also explains the chain of infection and modes of disease transmission. Finally, it provides examples of common communicable diseases such as dengue fever, the common cold, chickenpox, influenza, tuberculosis, athlete's foot, and hookworm and describes their symptoms and causative agents.
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This document discusses communicable diseases, including their causes, symptoms, modes of transmission, treatment and prevention. It defines a communicable disease as an illness caused by pathogens that can be directly or indirectly spread between people. Common symptoms include appetite loss, diarrhea, coughs, fever, exhaustion and muscle pain or swelling. Pink eye is highlighted as a common communicable disease that is usually caused by bacteria or viruses impacting the eye, and can be prevented by avoiding touching the infected eye and regularly washing hands.
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Plague
Common forms of plague
Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague. It usually occurs after the bite of an infected flea. The key feature of bubonic plague is a swollen, painful lymph node, usually in the groin, armpit or neck. Other symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and extreme exhaustion. A person usually becomes ill with bubonic plague 1 to 6 days after being infected. If not treated early, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body and cause septicemic or pneumonic plague.
Liver Function Tests
Liver function tests are used to:
1. Detect the presence of liver diseases
2. Distinguish between different types of liver diseases
3. Measure the extent of known liver damage
4. Monitor response to treatment
Common liver function tests include measurements of bilirubin, ammonia, serum enzymes, albumin, globulins, and coagulation factors. Elevations in certain enzymes and proteins provide clues to the type of liver disease, such as whether it involves hepatocyte damage or cholestasis. Following a patient's liver function tests over time also helps assess the severity of disease and response to treatment.
GGT
GGT is one of a large group of enzymes “Peptidases”.
A membrane bound enzyme whose active site faces the external side of cell.
Hepatobiliary tract enzyme.
Plague
Plague, also known as the black death, is a serious bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria usually transmitted through flea bites. There are three main types - bubonic plague causes swollen lymph nodes, pneumonic plague affects the lungs and can spread through coughing, and septicemic plague infects the bloodstream. Treatment involves antibiotics but plague was historically very deadly, causing pandemics in 541 AD, 1334 AD, and 1894. Risk can be reduced by controlling rodents and fleas and using insect repellent when outdoors.
Abnormal liver function tests
Abnormal liver function tests can indicate underlying liver disease but may also be caused by extrahepatic factors. A thorough evaluation is needed and includes considering the pattern of test abnormalities, severity of changes, and potential etiologies. For hepatocellular predominant abnormalities, further workup may include tests for viral hepatitis, autoimmune disease, and iron overload. Liver biopsy may be needed if initial testing is unrevealing. Proper diagnosis guides management and treatment of underlying liver conditions.
Eh203 infectious & lifestyle diseases-Plague by JOSHUA SELI
Plague is a deadly infectious disease caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria, which is commonly transmitted to humans by fleas that feed on infected rodents. There are three main forms of plague - bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic - which vary in their symptoms and transmission methods. While plague has caused several pandemics throughout history, it is now treatable with antibiotics when diagnosed early. Public health efforts focus on surveillance of rodent populations and fleas to control outbreaks.
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Zoonoses, or diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans, were discussed. Key points included:
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Eh203 infectious & lifestyle diseases-Plague by JOSHUA SELI
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Poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio, is a highly infectious viral disease that mainly affects children under 5 years old. It is caused by poliovirus which spreads through fecal-oral transmission or contaminated food and water. While most cases are asymptomatic, it can cause paralysis in some cases. There are three types of poliovirus and three forms of the disease - spinal, bulbar, and bulbospinal. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and prevention through vaccination with either the inactivated polio vaccine or oral polio vaccine.
PLAGUE-PRONAMEE DIHINGIA.pptx
Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis, which is usually spread through flea bites. It has three main types: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic, depending on which part of the body is affected. Symptoms include headaches, fever, chills, and respiratory issues. While historically deadly, plague can now be treated with antibiotics if caught early. Prevention involves avoiding infected animals and areas where they live.
Infectious disease pol taskeen rubab 28145 (1)
This document discusses infectious diseases and bronchitis. It defines infectious disease terms and outlines Koch's postulates for determining the cause of a disease. It describes the major groups of infectious disease agents and examples of historic pandemics. The document then focuses on bronchitis, defining it as inflammation of the bronchial tubes. It discusses the types of bronchitis, causes, symptoms, treatment options including antibiotics, cough medicines, and inhalers, health education recommendations, and potential complications.
communicablediseases.pptx
Communicable diseases are spread from person to person through various modes of transmission including direct contact, vectors like insects, contaminated food and water, airborne transmission, and indirect contact. Examples discussed include chickenpox, diphtheria, filariasis, AIDS, polio, malaria, measles, tuberculosis, tetanus, rabies, and sexually transmitted diseases. Prevention methods focus on vaccination, hygiene, avoiding contact with infected individuals or carriers, and safe sexual practices.
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Diseases-Cause and Prevention Chp-5 General Science 9th 10th
Subject : General Science
Teacher: Mr Ehtisham Ul Haq
Class: BS EDUCATION
Semester: 2nd (Spring(2023-2027)
Date Of Starting Of Semester : 4 September 2023
Date Of End Of Semester : 20 January 2024
University Of Sargodha
Institute of Education
These are the presentation slides that we prepare by our own research and work!
Bioterrorism
This document discusses bioterrorism and various biological agents that could potentially be used as bioweapons. It defines bioterrorism and describes biological weapons as microbes or their toxins. Various microorganisms are discussed in detail, including anthrax, plague, smallpox, viral hemorrhagic fevers like Ebola, and biological toxins such as botulinum toxin. For each agent, the document covers characteristics, potential use as a bioweapon, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and other relevant details.
infectious diseases
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi that enter the body and multiply. Transmission can occur through various routes like physical contact, airborne inhalation, or vectors. Primary pathogens cause disease through their presence and activity in the host, while opportunistic pathogens may cause disease when the host's immune system is compromised. Diagnosis involves identifying the infectious agent through clinical presentation, lab tests, or direct observation under a microscope. Prevention strategies include hygiene practices, vaccination, and reducing exposure to vectors.
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease spread to humans through bites or scratches from infected animals like dogs. It causes inflammation of the brain and is fatal without treatment. The rabies virus travels through the nervous system from the site of infection to the brain. Symptoms in humans include fear of water, increased reflexes, and mental changes. Post-exposure prophylaxis includes wound cleansing, vaccine administration, and other measures to prevent the virus from reaching the nervous system. Pre-exposure prophylaxis through vaccination is recommended for those at high risk of exposure like animal handlers.
10-Major-Systemic-Diseases.pdf
This document provides an overview of major systemic bacterial and fungal infections. It defines infections and the signs and symptoms of disease. It classifies diseases and discusses how pathogens cause disease through virulence factors. It describes the stages of pathogenesis and examples of acute vs. chronic diseases. Examples of major bacterial infections like streptococcus pneumoniae and gonorrhea are provided. The document discusses how fungi cause disease and classifies fungal infections. It provides examples of major fungal infections in humans like dermatophytosis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcal meningitis. It concludes with the medical applications of understanding these pathogens.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a global health problem, infecting one third of the world's population and causing millions of deaths annually. It is the 6th highest cause of disease in Pakistan, where the incidence of active TB cases is over 80 per 100,000 people each year. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted through the air when people with active TB cough or sneeze. It most often affects the lungs but can damage other organs. While the immune system usually keeps the infection under control, active disease can develop if the bacteria overpowers immunity.
Communicable diseases
The document defines communicable diseases as those spread between people through various modes of transmission like direct contact, vectors, contaminated food/water, or airborne means. It provides examples of common communicable diseases like chickenpox, diphtheria, filariasis, AIDS, polio, malaria, measles, tuberculosis, tetanus, rabies, and sexually transmitted diseases. For each disease, it discusses symptoms, causes, modes of transmission, and methods of prevention through vaccination, drug treatment, or hygienic measures. The overall document aims to educate about major communicable diseases, how they spread, and ways to prevent infection.
Vector borne diseases
The topic explains the infectious diseases , occurrence, prevention and awareness's.
discussion on disease- malaria dengue sistosomiasis cholera etc.,
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Control And Prevention Vector Borne Disease Zoonosis Disease.pdf
Control And Prevention Vector Borne Disease Zoonosis Disease.pdf
Diseases-Cause and Prevention Chp-5 General Science 9th 10th
Diseases-Cause and Prevention Chp-5 General Science 9th 10th
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Lungs (amy t, alexis s, sam m)
This document summarizes information about lung transplantation. It discusses that lungs are located in the chest and function to oxygenate blood and remove carbon dioxide. Over 1,200 lung transplants are performed annually in the US, with a 5-year survival rate of 72-83%. However, over 111,000 people are waiting for lungs and over 6,500 people die each year waiting. Lung transplants are considered for those with end-stage lung disease who have less than 2 years to live. The procedure takes 4-8 hours in specialized hospitals and has a high cost, but can extend life for transplant recipients who must follow medical therapies and lifestyle restrictions long-term.
Heart 1
The heart is located in the center-left portion of the chest and pumps oxygen-rich blood to all cells in the body. The United States performs over 2,000 heart transplants annually, with survival rates of 81% after 1 year and around 68% after 5 years. Heart transplants may be required for severe heart failure or defects that cannot be treated otherwise. Recipients must meet health criteria and take anti-rejection drugs lifelong, while living with cardiac monitoring and dietary restrictions after transplant.
Cornea(1)
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that transmits and focuses light. About 40,000 cornea transplants are performed in the US each year, with a 90% success rate. Candidates are screened for infections or health risks and may be disqualified for certain conditions. The transplant procedure takes 1-2 hours and costs around $7,500. Post-surgery therapy includes eye drops, pills, and activity restrictions for healing.
Asthma project
Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways that affects millions of adults and children in the U.S. It is caused by triggers like dust, pollen, pet hair, or tobacco smoke that bring about symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. While asthma cannot be passed between individuals, chronic coughing may impact transmission of other illnesses. The disease affects the bronchial tubes leading to the lungs and symptoms are often worse in the morning or evening in response to cold air. Preventative inhalers can help control symptoms and attacks to manage the disease, which is lifelong once developed, though its effects can be minimized with proper treatment.
Meowmeowmeow
Rabies is caused by a virus transmitted through the saliva or nervous system tissue of an infected animal. It causes flu-like symptoms that can develop into cerebral dysfunctions, anxiety, and delirium. Over 50,000 people in Asia and Africa die from rabies each year. While rabies can be either acute or chronic depending on treatment, prevention focuses on vaccinating pets, removing strays, and avoiding contact with wild animals.
Narc
Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that affects sleep control, making it difficult to stay awake during the day. Its causes are unknown but believed to be genetic and related to low levels of the brain chemical hypocretin. Symptoms include extreme daytime sleepiness with focus problems, loss of muscle tone during wakefulness, and vivid dreams or hallucinations when waking or falling asleep, typically affecting people ages 15-25 or those who don't sleep well at night.
ssa
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused when both parents carry the sickle cell trait and pass it to their child. The red blood cells take on a sickle shape, which prevents them from properly carrying oxygen throughout the body. Symptoms may appear after four months of age and include attacks of pain, breathing issues, fatigue and more. While there is no cure, new treatments are helping those with sickle cell anemia live longer, into their 50s rather than the previous average of 20-40 years of age. Prevention includes vaccinations, genetic counseling before having children, and living a normal life with proper precautions.
Chris j powerpoint anatmoy
Leprosy is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae, which is usually spread through respiratory droplets. Children are more susceptible than adults. The top three countries with the most reported leprosy cases are India, Brazil, and Burma. Leprosy has an average incubation period of 3-5 years and the primary sign is pale skin lesions with reduced sensation. If diagnosed early, nerve damage and disability can be avoided through treatment with antibiotics such as rifampicin and daspone.
Aids presentation
HIV and AIDS can be transmitted sexually or through blood and from pregnant women to their babies. While anyone can contract HIV, those most at risk are drug users and the sexually active. Since 1977, HIV/AIDS has been a major problem in Africa due to a lack of money for medicine and treatment.
Jennlevydiseaseppt
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder caused by a defect in the collagen gene that results in brittle bones that break easily from minor stress or trauma. There are four main types of OI that vary in severity from very mild to lethal in infancy. While there is no cure for OI, treatments focus on increasing bone strength through bisphosphonates and low-impact exercise, as well as surgery to repair broken bones. People with OI must manage their condition for life through precautions to avoid further fractures.
Amanda mcgurk lupus
Lupus is an autoimmune disease with no known cause that predominantly affects women aged 15-44, especially those of African American, Asian, Native American, or Pacific Islander descent. Common symptoms include arthritis, joint pain, fever, fatigue, skin rash, and sensitivity to sunlight. While the signs and symptoms vary per individual, lupus produces antibodies that attack the body's own tissues and can affect the lungs, blood, brain, kidney, heart, and joints. There is no cure for lupus currently, but treatment involves medications like steroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatories to reduce symptoms, though it can sometimes be fatal depending on the severity of the case.
Yellow fever slide
Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted through the bites of infected female mosquitoes, with an incubation period of 3-6 days. Symptoms include headache, fever and muscle aches initially, and potentially progressing to jaundice, liver failure, and black vomit. While most cases are mild, the disease can be fatal for around 3% of infected individuals in the second more severe phase if left untreated.
Bulimia
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging. It can be caused by genetic and environmental factors like role models and social pressures. While anyone can develop it, girls aged 15-24 are most at risk. Bulimia damages the entire body and can lead to organ failure or death if left untreated. Treatment focuses on breaking the binge-purge cycle through therapy and support to address underlying emotional issues.
Yellow fever slide
Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted through the bites of infected female mosquitoes, with an incubation period of 3-6 days. Symptoms include headache, fever, and muscle aches initially, which can develop into more severe symptoms like jaundice, liver failure, and black vomit in the second phase for some patients. While most cases resolve on their own, around 3% of infected individuals may die from yellow fever if the disease progresses to liver and kidney failure.
Jennlevydiseaseppt
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder caused by a defect in the collagen gene that results in brittle bones that break easily from minor stress or trauma. There are four main types of OI that vary in severity from very mild to lethal in infancy. While there is no cure for OI, treatments focus on increasing bone strength through bisphosphonates and low-impact exercise, as well as surgery to repair broken bones. People with OI must manage their condition for life through precautions to avoid further fractures.
Black death marley(2)
Bubonic plague is caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium which is typically transmitted through the bites of infected fleas living on rodents like rats, squirrels, and prairie dogs. Symptoms include fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes, and other flu-like symptoms appearing 1-6 days after exposure. While not usually chronic, one can be reinfected, so prevention focuses on controlling rodent populations to limit flea-borne transmission of the plague bacterium.
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is caused by a parasite called Trypanosoma and transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly. It affects people in rural parts of Africa and causes symptoms like swelling at the bite site, severe fatigue, headaches, joint pain, behavioral changes, and disturbed sleep patterns. While it can cause neurological disorders and death if left untreated, it can be prevented by avoiding tsetse fly habitats or wearing protective clothing, and treated with drugs like Pentamidine, Suramin, and combinations of other drugs.
Shingles
Varicella-zoster virus causes both chickenpox and shingles. Shingles occurs when the virus reactivates after dormancy in the nervous system following chickenpox. It is characterized by a painful rash that typically affects a limited area on one side of the body. Treatment aims to reduce pain and complications through antiviral medication started within 24 hours of symptom onset, along with anti-inflammatory drugs and soothing baths. While shingles itself is usually not fatal, high-risk groups could die if exposed without proper medical care.
Anthrax
Anthrax is caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. It can infect humans through contact with infected animals or animal products, as well as through inhalation of anthrax spores. There are three main types - cutaneous (skin), inhalation (lungs), and gastrointestinal (digestive system). Symptoms vary depending on type but can include lesions, vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory issues. Anthrax spores can also be used as a biological weapon. Diagnosis involves cultures and antibody tests while treatment requires long courses of antibiotics.
Amanda mcgurk lupus
Lupus is an autoimmune disease with no known cause that predominantly affects women aged 15-44, especially those of African American, Asian, Native American, or Pacific Islander descent. Common symptoms include arthritis, joint pain, fever, fatigue, skin rash, and sensitivity to sunlight. While there is no cure for lupus since it is a chronic condition that produces antibodies against a person's own tissues, treatment focuses on managing symptoms with medications like steroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatories.
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Plague
- 1. Bubonic Plague By: Shawn Sullivan
- 2. Cause • Caused by a bacterial infection • Infection caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis
- 3. How is it transmitted? • Spread by rodents, such as rats • Also spread by fleas that have bitten an infected animal • Also spread from human to human through the air (pneumonic)
- 4. Who gets it? • Anyone can get it, there is no discrimination
- 5. Etiology • incubation period is 2 to 10 days • Symptoms include: chills, general ill feeling (malaise), high fever, severe headache, seizures, and lymph gland swelling called buboes • Acute • Possible to get multiple times • Whole body is affected, especially the lymph system
- 6. Prognosis and Treatment • Can be prevented by controlling the rat population • Vaccine available for high-risk workers • To treat plague, antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin are used • Without treatment, there is a 50% to 90% chance of death • Treatment reduces the death rate by 50%