This document provides information about pulmonary tuberculosis. It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding the disease, its signs and symptoms, mode of transmission, preventions, and the DOTS program implemented by the WHO. It then defines tuberculosis as a contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs but can spread to other organs. Risk factors include conditions like HIV/AIDS, homelessness, and drug-resistant strains. Common symptoms are coughing with blood or mucus, sweating, fever, and weight loss. Tests like chest x-rays and sputum examination are used for diagnosis. Prevention strategies encompass vaccination, nutrition, hygiene and limiting risk factors like smoking. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken daily for two months

1. PULMONARY
TUBERCULOSIS
Presented by:
Group 3

2. OBJECTIVES:
•At the end of this lecture the listener should
be able to understand correctly the disease,
Tuberculosis.
•They will be able to know the signs and
symptoms.
•They will be able to identify the mode of
transmission.
•They will be able to know some preventions
that can eliminate underlying causes.
•They will be able to know the significance of
DOTS as implemented by the World Health
Organization.

3. What is
Tuberculosis???

4. - a contagious bacterial
infection.
TUBERCULOSIS
- usually attacks the lungs but
can attack any part of the body (i.e.
kidneys, spine, and brain)

5. Causes, Incidence,
and Risk Factors

6. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

7. TB is spread through the air from the
infected person to another, especially
when the person infected
coughs, sneezes, or speaks.

8. 200,000 to 600,000 :Filipinos have active TB
Philippines : #9 in the top 22 high-burden TB
countries in the world
-World Health Organization

11. TB is NOT spread by the
following…

12. • Shaking someone’s hand

13. • Sharing food or drinks

14. • Touching bed linens or toilet seats

15. • Sharing toothbrushes

16. • Kissing

17. People at high risk of active TB

18. • Elderly

19. • Infants

20. • People with weakened immune
systems

21. • People around infected people

22. • People with poor nutrition

23. The following increases rate of TB
infection in a population:
• HIV infections
• Appearance of drug-resistant
strains of TB
• Increase in number of
homeless people

24. Signs and Symptoms

25. Symptoms

26. • Coughing with mucus/blood

27. • Excessive sweating, esp. at night

28. • Fatigue

29. • Fever

30. • Weight loss

31. Other Symptoms:
• Breathing difficulty
• Wheezing
• Chest pain

32. Signs:
• Clubbing of fingers and toes
• Fluid around a lung (pleural
effusion)
• Swollen or tender lymph nodes
• Unusual breathing sounds

33. Tests

34. Used for diagnosis:
• Biopsy
• Chest CT scan
• Bronchoscopy
• Chest x-ray
• Sputum examination

35. Levels of Prevention

36. Primary level
• adequate exercise
• enough rest and sleep
• balanced diet
• avoidance of smoking and alcohol
• good personal hygiene
• breathing fresh air and maintaining good
indoor ventilation
• BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccination

37. All four of the following drugs are
taken everyday for a period of 2
months:
• Rifampicin
• Isoniazid
• *Pyrazinamide
• *Ethambutol
*Myrin-P Forte
•Streptomycin
Secondary level

38. • always cover mouth when coughing,
sneezing or laughing
• carefully dispose of any used tissues in a
sealed plastic bag
• open windows when possible to ensure a
good supply of fresh air
• do not sleep in the same room as other
people
Tertiary level

39. Thank You!!!