Plagiarism involves presenting another person's work or ideas as one's own without proper citation or acknowledgement. There are several types of plagiarism, including copying verbatim text, paraphrasing without citation, presenting another's ideas as your own, and submitting another's work as one's own. Plagiarism is considered a form of academic dishonesty and cheating. Various tools and websites exist to detect plagiarized content and originality through comparing submitted works to databases of existing sources. Proper citation and attribution of sources is important to avoid plagiarism when using others' work.

1. Plagiarism

2. • Presenting another’s
original thoughts or
ideas as your own
• Using another’s exact
words without proper
citation

3. If you attempt to use another person's work as if it
were your own, without adequate acknowledgement of
the original source; and if this is done in work that
you submit for a grade then you are attempting to
deceive your teacher, your parents, or anyone reading
the paper. In other words, plagiarism is cheating and
it is deceitful in that you are trying to claim the
credit for something that is not your work.
Plagiarism: Cheating or deception

4. Copyright infringement is a violation of the rights of a copyright
holder, when material restricted by copyright is used without
consent.
Whereas the moral concept of plagiarism is concerned with the
unearned increment to the plagiarizing author's reputation that is
achieved through false claims of authorship.
Plagiarism is not illegal towards the author, but towards the
reader, patron or teacher.
Even when copyright has expired, false claims of authorship may
still constitute plagiarism.
Plagiarism and copyright infringement

5. Why is plagiarism wrong?
*If you plagiarize, you are cheating yourself. You don't
learn to write out your thoughts in your own words, and
you don't get specific feedback geared to your individual
needs and skills. Plagiarism is dishonest because it
misrepresents the work of another as your own.
*Unintentional plagiarism is still
cheating.

6. Plagiarism is an extensive problem.
Many universities now have honor codes and
students can be failed or even expelled if they are
found guilty of plagiarism.
Plagiarism damages the reputation as a sign of a
lack of integrity, of laziness, and maybe an indication
that the individual is not as smart as they would like
everyone to believe.
According to the website Plagiarism.org
“Recent studies indicate that approximately 30
percent of all students may be plagiarizing on every
written assignment they complete.”

7. Catching the plagiarist
The internet has made plagiarism easier with access to term
paper mills, search engines, encyclopedias, etc. In response,
websites have been developed which help teachers analyze
papers and develop strategies to prevent plagiarism.
Some sites are:
http://plagiarism-detector.com/
http://www.turnitin.com/
http://www.millikin.edu/wcenter/plagiarism3.html
These websites will allow to upload full papers or
portions of the paper and will search all internet
resources to determine if the information is original or
has been plagiarized
Plagiarism-Detector Pro (software)

8. Turnitin (http://turnitin.com/)
It is an Internet-based plagiarism-prevention service created by
iParadigms, LLC. Typically, universities and high schools buy
licenses to submit essays to the Turnitin website, which checks
the documents for unoriginal content.
The results can be used to identify similarities to existing
sources or can be used in formative assessment to help students
learn how to avoid plagiarism and improve their writing
Turnitin checks for potential unoriginal content by comparing
submitted papers to several databases using a proprietary
algorithm. It scans its own databases, and also has licensing
agreements with large academic proprietary databases.

9. Viper (http://www.scanmyessay.com/)
It's an easy-to-use downloadable scanner, named Viper, which is
100% free for both students and teachers.
Viper scans through a huge database of millions of essays and
other online sources
To halt the acts of plagiarizing in the future, the universities and
research centers` authorities need to open the accesses to digital
libraries and use such plagiarism checkers as "scanmyessay.com

10. Plagiarism Checker
Application opens to a menu with a bar for URL entry and a large box to write the
text the user would like checked.
Plagiarism Checker performs well and could be useful to users who need to check
text for originality via their mobile device.
Desktop Plagiarism Checker
It is a handy interface for a Web-based plagiarism search tool that supports more
than 190 languages and many document types.
The software and service are free, but you must create an online account to use
them (via Facebook and other social media)
More features, such as spell checkers and a task scheduler.
Desktop Plagiarism Checker has a very simple interface, with a blank field for
pasting or typing in text and the option to search Google, Bing, or Yahoo, on one
tab, and Google Scholar or Google Books on another tab. We could also specify an
exact search, though the program uses fuzzy logic for finding near misses (which
sometimes turn out to be hits).

11. Guidelines for avoiding plagiarism
 Use your own words and ideas.
 Give credit for copied, adapted, or paraphrased material.
 Avoid using others' work with minor "cosmetic" changes.
 There are no "freebies." (nothing is free of charge)
 Beware of "common knowledge."

12. Use your own words and ideas.
• This is a skill that improves with practice.
• It requires an understanding of the topic
• It requires that you give yourself credit for your own
abilities.

13. Give credit for copied, adapted,
or paraphrased material.
• If you repeat another's exact words, you MUST use
quotation marks and cite the source.
• If you adapt a chart or paraphrase a sentence,
you must still cite.
• Paraphrase means that you restate the author's
ideas, meaning, and information in your own words
WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE.

14. Avoid using others' work with minor "cosmetic"
changes.
Examples: using "less" for
"fewer," reversing the order of
a sentence, changing terms in
a computer code, or altering a
spread sheet layout. If the
work is essentially the same,
give credit.
WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE

15. There are no "freebies."
ALWAYS cite words, information, and ideas you use
if they are new to you (learned in your research).
No matter where you find it – even in an
encyclopedia or on the Internet – you cite it.
WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE.

16. Beware of "common knowledge."
You don't have to cite "common knowledge,“
BUT the fact must really be commonly known.
That George Washington was the first U.S. president
is common knowledge;
That George Washington was an expert dancer is
not common knowledge
WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE

17. Be authentic
• Develop a topic based on previously written
material but write something new and original
• Rely on opinions of experts on a topic but
improve upon those opinions
• Give credit to researchers while making your
own contribution
• Follow a standard documentation method

18. Type of plagiarism
• First type of plagiarism:
• Plagiarism of Words
– The use of another’s exact words without citing the
author
– Incorrect
• Plagiarism is the reproduction of someone else’s words, ideas
or findings and presenting them as one’s own without proper
acknowledgement.
– Correct
• Plagiarism is the “reproduction of someone else’s words, ideas
or findings and presenting them as one’s own without proper
acknowledgement” (Undergraduate Course Handbook: 2008,
p.24)

19. The Second Type of plagiarism
Plagiarism of Structure
Paraphrasing another’s words by changing
sentence construction or word choice with citation
Paraphrasing while maintaining original sentence
construction with acknowledging the source

20. The Third Type of plagiarism
Plagiarism of Ideas
Presenting another’s
ideas as your own without
giving the person credit
Submitting a paper
without citing or
incorrectly citing
another’s ideas

21. The Fourth Type of plagiarism
Plagiarism of Authorship
Turning in a replication of
another’s work
Submitting a paper that you
got off the internet or from
a friend and presenting it
as your own

22. The Fifth Type of plagiarism
Plagiarism of Self
• The use of previous
work for a separate
assignment
• Although these were
you original words and
thoughts, receiving
credit for a previous
assignment is
considered cheating

23. The Penalties of Plagiarism
• Although plagiarism can be intentional or
unintentional, both have consequences.
– Receiving zero on the assignment
– Failing the course
– Suspension
– Expulsion

24. Citation
Acknowledging the use of another's ideas or
research concept
More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated
alphanumeric expression (e.g. [Newell84]) embedded
in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry
in the bibliographic references section of the work for
the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the
works

25. •Citation content can vary depending on the type of source and may
include:
•Book: author(s), book title, publisher, date of publication, and page
number(s) if appropriate.
•Journal: author(s), article title, journal title, date of publication, and
page number(s).
•Patent: author(s), title, patent office, patent application no., year
eg: Wang, J. and McVean, C. A. 17-β-4-acetamide-4-azasteroids
as androgen receptor modulators. In patent WO099707, 2005
.

26. •Newspaper: author(s), article title, name of newspaper, section title
and page number(s) if desired, date of publication.
•Web site: author(s), article and publication title where appropriate,
as well as a URL, and a date when the site was accessed.
•Interview: name of interviewer, interview descriptor (ex. personal
interview) and date of interview.

27. •2-Thioxoimidazolidinones which are highly useful synthetic
intermediates, have found myriad of applications in the area of
therapeutics.1-5
The 3,5-disubstituted-2-thioxoimidazolidinones
and their nucleosides exhibit high potency against the Herpes
Simplex Virus (HSV),6
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
and leukemia.7
The thioxoimidazolidinone moiety forms an
integral part of COX inhibitors8
and fatty acid amide hydrolase
inhibitor templates.9
Document

28. (1) Tran, C.; Ouk, S.; Clegg, N. J.; Chen, Y.; Watson, P. A.; Arora, V.; Wongvipat, J.; Smith-Jones, P. M.; Yoo, D.;
Kwon, A.; Wasielewska, T.; Welsbie, D.; Chen, C. D.; Higano, C. S.; Beer, T. M.; Hung, D. T.; Scher, H. I.; Jung, M.
E.; Sawyers, C. L. Development of a second-generation antiandrogen for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Science 2009, 324, 787–790.
(2) Mehta, N.; Risinger, C. A.; Soroko, F. E. Potential anticonvulsants. Part 1. 5-Benzylhydantoins. J. Med. Chem.
1981, 24, 465–468.
(3)Wessels, F. L.; Schwan, T. J.; Pong, S. F. Synthesis and antidepressant activity of 5-(4-
dimethylaminobenzyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione. J. Pharm. Sci. 1980, 69, 1102–1104.
(4) Caldwell, A. G.; Harris, C. J.; Stepney, R.; Wittaker, N. Heterocyclic prostaglandin analogues. Part 2. Hydantoins
and other imidazole analogues. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1980, 495–505.
(5) Cremlyn, R. J.; Elias, R. S.; Geoghagan, M. J. A.; Braunholtz, J. T. Chem. Abstr. 1965, 62, 7768g.
(6) El-Barbary, A. A.; Khodair, A. I.; Pedersen, E. B.; Nielsen, C. S-Glucosylated hydantoins as new antiviral agents. J.
Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 73–77.
(7) Khodair, A. I.; El-Subbagh, H. I.; El-Emam, A. A. Synthesis of certain 5-substituted 2-thiohydantoin derivatives as
potential cytotoxic and antiviral agents. Boll. Chim. Farm. 1997, 136, 561–567.
(8) Bodtke, A.; Reinke, H.; Michalik, D.; Langer, P. Synthesis of 2-oxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-5-thioxoimidazo[1,2-
c]quinazolines by one-pot cyclization of α-aminocarboxylic esters with 2-(isothiocyanato)benzonitrile (ITCB).
Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 7653–7660.
(9)Muccioli, G. G.; Fazio, N.; Scriba, G. K. E.; Poppitz, W.; Cannata, F.; Poupaert, J. H.; Wouters, J.; Lambert, D. M.
Substituted 2-Thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones and Imidazolidine-2,4-diones as Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors
Templates. J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 417–425.
Bibliography or References

29. Organization of reference material/bibliography
A bibliography may be arranged by author, topic, or
some other scheme
The organized listing of books (enumerative bibliography)
and
The systematic, description of books as physical objects
(descriptive bibliography).

30. •Citation styles vary. An entry for a book in a bibliography usually
contains the following elements:
•creator(s)
•title
•publisher and place of publication
•date of publication
•An entry for a journal or periodical article usually contains:
•creator(s)
•article title
•journal title
•volume
•pages
•date of publication

31. Using EndNote for citing the references
Create a New Reference
There are various ways to add references to an EndNote library.

32. Enter the reference information beginning with the author names.
Author names can be entered two ways: either "First Middle Last" such as
"Carol Margaret Jacobson" or "Last, First Middle" such as "Jacobson, Carol
Margaret." Individual author names must be entered one per line
Close the Reference window
choosing Close Reference (Ctrl+W
or Cmd+W) from the File menu.
All information is automatically saved
when you close a window

33. Import references
1. Run a simple search in PubMed e.g. for
“swine flu”
2. Select a few results using the tick boxes
3. Click Send to button, and choose File
4. Choose MEDLINE format
5. Click Create File and save it e.g. to
desktop
6. Open your EndNote Library
7. Click the Collect tab then Import
References
8. Use Browse to locate the saved text file
(e.g. on your desktop)

34. Connect to a Remote Database

35. Save the References
At this point you can peruse the retrieved references to see which ones you
would like to keep. Save the references you want by transferring them into
one of your own EndNote libraries.

36. Display the EndNote X3 toolbar
1. Open Word
2. Click the View tab
3. Click Toolbars
4. *Click EndNote X3
5. Click the CWYW preferences button on the
EndNote X3 toolbar
6. In the Preferences box, click Application
7. Select EndNote Web from the drop-list
8. Enter your EndNote Web/Web of Knowledge
account email and password (the one you
registered and signed
into the service with)
9. You should check the box to remember your
preferences i.e. username and password
10. Click OK