This document discusses plagiarism, including definitions, types, causes, and prevention. It defines plagiarism as copying others' work without attribution, whether copying words, ideas, or results. Types of plagiarism include direct copying, paraphrasing without citation, and mosaic plagiarism. Self-plagiarism is also discussed. Reasons why people plagiarize include pressure, ambition, and believing chances of getting caught are low. Prevention methods include educating about academic integrity and using plagiarism detection software.

1. Plagiarism
Dr G R Angadi,
Associate Professor,
School of Education,
Central University of Gujarat, gandhinagar-38203
gavimahi@cug.ac.in / gavimahi@gmail.com , 9448969740

2. Objectives
Create awareness about responsible conduct of research
Prevention of plagiarism in academic writing
Promotion of academic integrity

3. Pronunciation
ˈ pleɪdʒərɪz(ə)m
“Play-ju-rism” or “play-jia-rism”

4. Introduction
The technological impact have revolutionized the dissemination of information at a
rapid speed
The WWW and the Internet have made the access of information easily on tips
Availability of E- publishing platforms, online information systems have
contributed a lot to the information explosion
Due to online information explosion, most of the content is available in electronic
form which made a path to the digital revolution- surpassed all other revolution

5. Introduction
The technology have
made the possibility of
information available
easily in digital texts,
Audio, video or
Multimedia content, etc
The availability of online
content in e-resources like-
e-journals, e-books, e-
thesis and e-dissertation
The development of social
networking tools
Web discovery tools, web
harvesters, etc have made
the availability of
information easily to the
researchers in a single
search interface

6. Introduction
The researchers are using the available online content
easily for their research papers without giving the proper
credit to the creator/generator of the original content
If the researcher/author is not giving the proper citation or
credit, which leads to the plagiarism

7. Introduction
The plagiarism is a concept mainly used to
maintain the academic honesty
By citing the original creator of the content
The variation of plagiarism norms by the user
leads to the violation of copyright law, which
leads to the legal complications.

8. Latin plagium - means “a kidnapping”
Latin plagiarius - means "kidnaper”
It is intellectual theft
It is a serious scientific & academic misconduct
What is plagiarism?
(American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd ed., 1992)

9. What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is a Research misconduct
Copying as it is the content from
others source
Using the original ideas of others
without credit

10. What is Plagiarism
According to Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, “plagiarise” means
T
o steal and pass off (the idea or words of another) as one’s
own
To use (another’s production) without crediting the source
To commit literary theft
To present as new and original an idea or product derived from
an existing source

11. "Plagiarism is the use of others' published and unpublished ideas or
words (or other intellectual property) without attribution or permission,
and presenting them as new and original rather than derived from an
existing source.
The intent and effect of plagiarism is to mislead the reader as to the
contributions of the plagiarizer. This applies whether the ideas or words
are taken from abstracts, research grant applications, Institutional
Review Board applications, or unpublished or published manuscripts in
any publication format (print or electronic).
Definition of Plagiarism*
WAME Publication Ethics Policies for Medical Journals, at
http://www.wame.org/resources/publication-ethics-policies-for-medical-journals#plagiarism :

12. What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism means “the appropriation of another
person’s ideas, processes, results, or words
without giving appropriate credit”
Source: MSU’s Procedures Concerning Allegations of Misconduct in Research and Creative Activities
http://rio.msu.edu/June_2009_Procedures.pdf

13. Understanding the Definition
Appropriation means using or taking something that is
not yours
Plagiarism is stealing by using another person’s words
or ideas
Plagiarism is academically dishonest because students,
scholars, and faculty members are expected to do their
own work

14. Understanding the Definition
Plagiarizers use or take intellectual property
Other thieves use or take physical property
such as money, computers, things, etc.
The terms ideas, processes, results, or words refer
to another person’s intellectual property

15. Understanding the Definition
Words … copying more than 4-6 consecutive words,
rearranging phrases, or paraphrasing extensively
Ideas … using original information learned from
conference presentations, confidential reviews, etc.
Plagiarism means taking or using any of the
following intellectual property without permission
or giving credit:

16. Understanding the Definition
Processes … adopting or using research methods
described by another investigator, especially
when the research method is not common
knowledge
Results … using or reporting data, figures, or
tables that represent another investigator’s
research results

17. Understanding the Definition
Giving appropriate credit refers to:
• Providing the name of the original author, artist,
researcher, or scholar
• Providing sufficient publication data that another
person can find the original source – use disciplinary
standards!
• Using quotation symbols to indicate direct quotes

18. Copying ideas, text, material from the web without proper
accreditation.
Digital plagiarism is a term used to describe copying using
computers.
What is cyber-plagiarism?
Creativity is fine but
plagiarism is faster…

20. • Word for word (Direct, Text): Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word
transcription of a section of someone else’s work, without attribution and without
quotation marks.
• Mosaic: Mosaic plagiarism occurs when a student borrows phrases from a source
without using quotation marks, or finds synonyms for the author's language while
keeping to the same general language structure and meaning as found in the
original.
• Thesaurus (Paraphrase):unintentionally paraphrases a source by using similar
words, groups of words, and/or sentence structure without attribution.
• Ideas:
• Authorship:
• Secondary sources:
• Self :Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits his or her own previous
work, or mixes parts of previous works, without permission from all professors
involved.
Types of plagiarism

21. • The practice of an author using portions of their previous writings
on the same topic in another of their publications, without
specifically citing it formally in quotes.
• This practice is widespread and at times unintentional.
• Violates the copyright that has been assigned to the publisher.
• No consensus whether this is scientific misconduct
What is self-plagiarism?

22. Are you saying that JK Rowling plagiarized you simply because you both use
“because“ and “too” on page 256?

23. • Ignorance
• Lack of knowledge on the ethics of scholarly writing / poor writing
skills
• Ambition, fierce competition
• Pressure from seniors
• Publish or perish system
• Faster
• Chances of getting caught or action being taken is slim
Why do people plagiarize?

24. Plagiarism is plagiarism…
irrespective of Intent,
Source, Quantity and
Copyright

25. Research Misconduct
Research misconduct
means fabrication and
falsification of data or
information.
Intentionally modifying
the content or results of
others and claiming that
as their own is a
fabrication

26. Research Misconduct
The researchers normally provide the data in their report without collecting it
either by using the questionnaire or by interview
Alteration of data collected from the questionnaire/interview
The statistical analysis of data is modified or altered for the research
Misrepresentation of the methodology of the research in a paper
Providing the false information/statements about the other researchwork

27. Plagiarism occurs mainly on
Terming/claiming the others research work
The research paragraphs, words or ideas are used without giving
proper credit
The already existing content is having a quotation mark, if the
researcher use such content and fail to provide a quotation mark
The real information of the source details are misrepresented
Giving incorrect information about the source or content

28. Plagiarism occurs mainly on
Manipulating the already published data or presenting the fake data in
the research work
Paraphrasing, changing the words and sentence structure of a source
is considered as copying, if the source is not duly acknowledged.
Using large amount of information from others work or from different
source
Submission of the same work to more than one course - assignments

29. What is not Plagiarism?
Some practices are allowed while using the text from other authors'
documents in their own writings.
Few words of similarity (that can be coincidental among others)
Reiterating popular writers sayings, use of symbols,
application of formulae, images, Figures and models
Facts or common knowledge, widely known ideas

30. What is not Plagiarism?
Reproduction of an author's exact words.
Quotations
1 Parenthetical citation
2 Footnotes
3 Endnotes
Bibliographic reference at the end of text

31. Other Issues of Plagiarism
The researcher mentions
the Author of the source but
neglect to clearly mention
the location of the source
referred or by obscuring the
location of the source
The researcher cites
inaccurate citation whereas
others could not find the
source.
Researchers cites all the
citations clearly but of no
originality in the content or
documents
The researcher uses the
quotation or citation but of
paraphrasing the content,
claiming that as original

32. UGC Regulation on Plagiarism

33. Plagiarism Software's
The Plagiarism software's are mainly used to screen the document to
find out the originality of the content
Commercial Open source
Turnitin Plagiarism Detector
IThenticate Plagiarism Detect
Urkund Check for Plagiarism

34. About Turnitin Software
Published documents- e-journals, e-books,etc
1
Open access content on WWW
2
Turnitin repository of already submitted student papers
3
Checks the text similarity and generate score
report indicating similarity in percentage.
It screens through

35. Settings Precautions
Exclude the bibliography/references at the end of document from
the similarity score
Exclude text written in double quotes (". . . . ")
Select 'No Repository' in Optional Settings when the document is
screening for the first time
Don’t delete the documents submitted in Class and assignments

36. Authors to follow the following steps
Keep your notes, draft, own writings and your sources
separate
Don't copy and paste the content from other sources
In case you are using content from different sources (even
your own), write the text in "quotes",
Quote your sources properly both 'in text' and also 'in
bibliographical references'.

38. Turnitin Antiplagiarism Software

39. Log in to Turnitin Software

40. After Login Appearance

42. Create New Class

43. New Class Creation

44. Created the Social Science Class

45. Assignment Title

46. Due Date Settings

47. Optional Settings

48. Add Assignment

49. Upload documents with details

50. Upload File

51. Assignment Titles

52. Document Report

53. Document Report

54. Download the Report

55. Report in pdf form

56. How to avoid Plagiarism
Be honest in research, give a credit to the source or author
Understand the guidelines of writing a article from publisher site
Be clear about the guidelines of writing a thesis/dissertation
Make a note on referred text/research article
Instead of using the source paragraph as it is, understand the concept and
reinterpret in your own sentences

57. How to avoid Plagiarism
Note down the readings summary carefully, if anytime referred
Prepare a citation/bibliography of referred source in a standard reference
format
Use double quotation marks for factual data, definition & popular quotes
Attend regularly the orientation classes of reference management, plagiarism
training, information literacy programmes conducted by the libraries

58. How to avoid Plagiarism
For short quotes, use quotation marks in the sentence.
For longer quotes indent the entire passage
If you have used a table, chart, diagram etc., cite the source directly
below with a statement that permission has been obtained.
“All sources should be disclosed and, if large amounts of other people's
written or illustrative material are to be used, permission must be
sought.” COPE, 1999.
Even if you change a few words here and there it is considered plagiarism

59. Use of a copyrighted work for purposes such as criticism, comment, news
reporting, teaching or scholarship.
Use copyrighted materials without seeking permission from the creator or
publisher and without paying copyright fees.
Fair Use of Intellectual Property
Does not mean that you
can plagiarize!!!

60. • Plagiarism issues are not strictly related to copyright
issues - though the two may overlap.
• Copyright is a legal concept; plagiarism is literary and
more of an ethical issue.
• Publishers are more worried about copyright violation.
Copyright and Plagiarism
WAME discussion board
12,500 USD

61. Is This Plagiarism?
• Next six slides
• Read information on the slides
• Listen to variations of the situation Determine whether
plagiarism occurred
• Discuss uncertainties with your supervisor/mentor

62. #1 - Is This Plagiarism?
You are a member of the audience where
research results are presented. You use
ideas described by one of the speakers in
the design of your next research project.

63. #2 - Is This Plagiarism?
You are reading a journal article, chapter,
or book. You paraphrase passages of text
from the material you have been reading
in the literature review of a manuscript
you are writing.

64. #3 - Is This Plagiarism?
You are reviewing a submitted
manuscript. You decide to use novel
research methods described in that
manuscript to enhance your own
research.

65. #4 - Is This Plagiarism?
You are doing research using the
internet. You choose to use ideas from
a web site in the design of your next
research project, and also use some
quotes from the web site in your
literature review.

66. #5 - Is This Plagiarism?
You are writing a paper in English, and
your native language is Gujarati. When
writing a review of literature, you use
another author’s exact words because
you are not confident about paraphrasing
or synthesizing the ideas into your own
words in English.

67. #6 - Is This Plagiarism?
You are writing a manuscript for publication
that is based upon your own previous
research. You decide to include some exact
text from one of your earlier manuscripts in
the new paper.

69. Conclusion
Due to online information revolution, the documents are accessible to everyone
While referring the resources by the scholars, it is necessary to provide proper
credit to the original source, otherwise it will end up with the plagiarism.
The higher education system is taking a serious efforts in curbing the plagiarism
by introducing the plagiarism regulation by the UGC
The print resources & the language collections are not supporting in the software
Hence it is necessary to develop the tools
The libraries need to guide the researchers about the usage of reference tools,
citations and importance of plagiarism issue in real research activity.

70. References
• Altman, Ellen and Peter Hernon, Eds.(1997). Research Misconduct: Issues, Implications, and
Strategies. London:Ablex.
• Central University of Gujarat. (2019). Retrieved 2019, from www.cug.ac.in
• Manoharan, S. (2017). Personalized Assessment as a Means. IEEE Transactions on Education, vol.
60, no. 2, May 2017, 112-119.
• Mayank Agrawal, D. K. (2016). A State of Art on Source Code Plagiarism Detection. 2nd
International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT-2016). Dehradun:
IEEE.
• Tedo Vrbanec, A. M. (2017). The Struggle with Academic Plagiarism:. MIPRO, (pp. 870-875).
Croatia: IEEE.
• University of Hyderabad. (2018, Oct. 25). Retrieved 2019, from www.acad.uohyd.ac.in.

71. References
• http://www.apastyle.org/apa-style-help.aspx
• www.mla.org/style
• http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
• http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/mla
• http://www.ubc.ca/okanagan/library/citations/apa.html
• http://www.turnitoutsafely.com/registration/activation.php?8RXD5
• https://www.turnitin.com/
• https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarizing
• http://www.antiessays.com

72. Thank You